蘘荷黄酮对雏鸡生长性能、免疫功能、血浆生化指标及抗氧化功能的影响

试验旨在探究饲粮中添加不同比例的蘘荷黄酮对雏鸡生长性能、免疫功能、血浆生化指标及抗氧化功能的影响。选取90只体况相近的7日龄雏鸡,随机分为3组,每组10个重复,每个重复3只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组分别在基础饲粮中添加100、200 mg/kg蘘荷黄酮。试验期35 d。结果显示,试验第1~14 d,Ⅰ组雏鸡平均日增重极显著高于对照组与Ⅱ组(P<0.01),料重比极显著低于对照组与Ⅱ组(P<0.01)。试验第35 d,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组雏鸡血浆谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性极显著低于对照组(P<0.01),血液H9亚型禽流感病毒、新城疫病毒(HDV)抗体效价均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),血浆过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);Ⅱ组雏鸡血浆总蛋白(TP)含量显著高于对照组及Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。试验第35 d,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组胸腺指数、法式囊指数均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究表明,饲粮中添加适量蘘荷黄酮可以改善雏鸡生长性能、免疫功能、部分血浆生化指标及抗氧化功能,蘘荷黄酮推荐添加量为100 mg/kg。

武汉地区猕猴桃园间作蘘荷种植技术

蘘荷是一种有特殊风味的蔬菜,我国多地种植,湖北部分地区亦有种植消费习惯,但蘘荷在武汉尚未见到栽培。根据蘘荷生长发育特性和武汉地区猕猴桃园特点,在猕猴桃园行间间作蘘荷取得成功。本文重点介绍了相关栽培技术,主要包括蘘荷种苗准备、蘘荷间作厢准备、蘘荷大田定植、蘘荷大田管理、注意事项及采收扩繁。

国家地理标志产品——药食同源之下原蘘荷

介绍了国家地理标志产品下原蘘荷的人文历史,产地的自然生态环境,地理范围,品质特性,种植方法,产业发展现状等方面的内容,提出了当前下原蘘荷产业发展的对策建议,以致力于下原蘘荷产业的健康发展,为农民增收、农业增效做出更大的贡献。

南通地区设施蘘荷促早高效栽培技术

蘘荷是珍稀的特色蔬菜,风味独特,营养保健价值高。蘘荷产品的价格受上市时间早晚影响较大,早上市可显著提高售价和效益。设施栽培蘘荷可实现提早上市的目标,且收获的襄荷品质好、效益高。笔者介绍了设施蘘荷栽培的产地环境、适宜品种、移栽、田间管理等关键技术,比较了设施栽培蘘荷条件下的蘘荷品质指标和效益,为蘘荷高效栽培提供参考与借鉴。

Antibacterial effect of Allium sativum cloves and Zingiber officinale rhizomes against multiple-drug resistant clinical pathogens

Objective:To evaluate the antibacterial properties ot Allium sativum(garlic) cloves and Zingiber officinale(ginger) rhizomes against multi-drug resistant clinical pathogens causing nosocomial infection.Methods:The cloves of garlic and rhizomes of ginger were extracted with 95%(v/v) ethanol.The ethanolic extracts were subjected to antibacterial sensitivity test against clinical pathogens.Results:Anti-bacterial potentials of the extracts of two crude garlic cloves and ginger rhizomes were tested against five gram negative and two gram positive multi-drug resistant bacteria isolates.All the bacterial isolates were susceptible to crude extracts of both plants extracts.Except Enterobacter sp.and Klebsiella sp.,all other isolates were susceptible when subjected to ethanolic extracts of garlic and ginger.The highest inhibition zone was observed with garlic(19.4S mm) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P.aeruginosa).The minimal inhibitory concentration was as low as 67.00 μg/mL against P.aeruginosa.Conclusions:Natural spices of garlic and ginger possess effective anti-bacterial activity against multi-drug clinical pathogens and can be used for prevention of drug resistant microbial diseases and further evaluation is necessary.

Antimicrobial activity and essential oils of Curcuma aeruginosa,Curcuma mangga,and Zingiber cassumunar from Malaysia

Objective:To analyze the chemical composition of the essential oils of Curcuma aeruginosa (C.aeruginosa),Curcuma mangga(C.mangga),and Zingiber cassumunar(Z.cassumunar). and study their antimicrobial activity.Methods:Essential oils obtained by steam distillation were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass speclrometry(GC-MS).The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was evaluated against four bacteria:Bacillus cereus(H.cereus).Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus).Escherichia coli(E.coli).and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P.aeruginosa);and two fungi:Candida albicans(C.albicans) and Cyptococcus neoformans(C.neoformans),using disc-diffusion and broth microdilution methods.Results:Cycloisolongifolene,8.9-dehydro-9- formyl(35.29%) and dihydrocoslunolide(22.51%) were the major compounds in C.aeruginosa oil; whereas caryophyllene oxide(18.71%) and caryophyllene(12.69%) were the major compounds in C.mangga oil:and 2,6.9,9-tetramethyl-2.6.10-cycloundecatrien-1-one(60.77%) andα-caryophyllene(23.92%) were abundant in Z.cassumunar oil.The essential oils displayed varying degrees of antimicrobial activity against all lested microorganisms.C.mangga oil had the highest and most broad-spectrum activity by inhibiting all microorganisms tested,with C.neoformans being the most sensitive microorganism by having the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration(MFC) values of 0.1μL/mL. C.aeruginosa oil showed mild antimicrobial activity,whereas Z.cassumunar had very low or weak activity against the tested microorganisms.Conclusions:The preliminary results suggest promising antimicrobial properties of C.mangga and C.aeruginosa,which may be useful for food preservation,pharmaceutical treatment and natural therapies.

Two new compounds from Zingiber officinale

A new cyclic diarylheptanoid, 1,5-epoxy-3-hydroxy-1-（3-methoxy-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl）-7-（4-hydroxyphenyl）-heptane （1）, as well as a new monoterpene, 10-O-β-n-glucopyranosyl-hydroxy cineole （2） were isolated from the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale. The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were established based on their spectral data. In addition, the antioxidant activities of these compounds were also measured.

Densitometric HPTLC analysis of 8-gingerol in Zingiber officinale extract and ginger-containing dietary supplements,teas and commercial creams

Objective:To develop and validate a simple,accurate HPTLC method for the analysis of 8-gingerol and to determine the quantity of 8-gingerol inZingiber officinaleextract and gingercontaining dietary supplements,teas and commercial creams.Methods:The analysis was performed on 10×20 cm aluminium-backed plates coated with 0.2 mm layers of silica gel 60 F254(E-Merck,Germany)with n-hexane:ethyl acetate 60:40(v/v)as mobile phase.Camag TLC Scanner III was used for the UV densitometric scanning at 569.Results:This system was found to give a compact spot of 8-gingerol at retention factor(Rf) value of(0.39依0.04)and linearity was found in the ranges 50-500 ng/spot(r2=0.9987).Limit of detection(12.76 ng/spot),limit of quantification(26.32 ng/spot),accuracy(less than 2%)and recovery(ranging from 98.22-99.20)were found satisfactory.Conclusions:The HPTLC method developed for quantification of 8-gingerol was found to be simple,accurate,reproducible,sensitive and is applicable to the analysis of 8-gingerol in Zingiber officinaleextract and ginger-containing dietary supplements,teas and commercial creams.

风险冲击对农业文化遗产地农户可持续生计的影响:以安徽铜陵白姜(Zingiber officinale)种植系统为例

农户可持续生计是农业文化遗产保护与发展的关键要素,但遗产系统的濒危性特点和农业的自然再生产与经济再生产交织特征,使得其面临以市场风险和自然风险为主的风险冲击。笔者以中国重要农业文化遗产—安徽铜陵白姜(Zingiber officinale)种植系统为例,依据可持续生计理论构建“风险冲击→生计资本→生计结果”分析框架,并采用形成型指标的结构方程模型,探讨风险冲击对遗产地农户生计资本和生计结果的影响机理,进一步明晰遗产地农户生计资本与生计结果的影响关系。结果表明:(1)遗产地农户遭受市场风险或自然风险时主要依靠动用储蓄、降低现金持有以及减少教育和培训支出等手段来应对,导致遗产地农户金融资本和人力资本存量明显减少。(2)遗产地从事传统农业生产的劳动力老龄化、传统农业技术能力减弱以及传统农业与其他产业有效融合不足等现状,限制了遗产地农户生计结果的改善。(3)遗产地农户生计结果受市场风险的负面影响更为直接,但从总体上看受自然风险的负面影响更大。基于此,农业文化遗产保护与发展应从强化风险冲击应对措施、提高农产品附加价值和推动农文旅有效融合等多方面促进农户生计的可持续性。

Chemical Constituents of the Root Essential Oils of <i>Zingiber rubens</i>Roxb., and <i>Zingiber zerumbet</i>(L.) Smith

Zingiber rubens Roxb., and Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith were collected respectively from Nghe An, Province and Ha Tinh, Province,Vietnam. The root essential oils were obtained by water distillation and analyzed by Gas chromatography (GC) and Gas chromatography coupled with Mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The most abundant components of Z. rubens were (Z)-citral (30.1%), camphene (9.7%), β-phellandrene (7.5%) and 1,8-cineole (7.0%) and zingiberene (5.3%). The main oil constituents of Z. zerumbet were (Z)-citral (26.1%), camphene (16.3%), sabinene (14.6%), zingiberene (7.2%) and lavandulyl acetate (6.7%). This species has low zerumbone (1.2%) content.

Two New Diarylheptanoids from the Rhizomes of Zingiber officinale

Two new diaryheptanoids, (5S)-5-acetoxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3- heptanone (1) and (3S,5S)-3,5-diacetoxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)heptane (2) were isolated from the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale. Their structures were elucidated by spectral methods.

Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil of <i>Zingiber officinale</i>Roscoe (Zingiberaceae)

Zingiber officinale, commonly known as ginger, is a species native of tropical Asia. It is grown and used in tropical countries of America, including Mexico, where it is used for the treatment of throat infections. The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition of essential oil of Z. officinale rhizome and evaluate their antimicrobial activity. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation, and the chemical composition of the oil was determined by GC-MS. To determine the antimicrobial activity diffusion, agar dilution and radial growth inhibition methods were employed. Microbial growth curves were performed on the strains most susceptible. It was identified 28 compounds in the essential oil, the most abundant were eudesmol (8.19%), γ-terpinene (7.88 %), a-curcumene (7.28%), alloaromadendrene (6.56%), zingiberene (6.06 %), α-pinene (5.76 %), δ-cadinene (3.84%), elemol (3.39%), farnesal (3.45%), E-β-farnesene (3.57%), neril acetate (2.8%) and β-myrcene (2.94%). In antimicrobial activity, the essential oil inhibited the growth of 15 bacterial strains, 3 of yeast fungi and 4 of mycelia fungi. The most susceptible strains were S. aureus FES-I (MIC = 0.25 mg/mL) S. epidemidis FES-C (MIC = 0.5 mg/mL), E. faecalis ATCC 14506 (MIC = 1.0 mg/mL), C. tropicalis (CMI = 0.125 mg/mL) and T. mentagrophytes (CF50 = 0.08 mg/mL). In the microbial growth curves the essential oil showed bactericidal effect on S. aureus FES-I and S. marcescens ATCC 14756 from the first hour of exposure of the strains to oil, eliminating 99.9% of CFU in concentrations of 0.5 and 0.75 mg/mL respectively. The results validate the medicinal use of Z. officinale in the treatment of diseases of possible infectious origin.

Evaluation of Various Crude Extracts of <i>Zingiber officinale</i>Rhizome for Potential Antibacterial Activity: A Study <i>in Vitro</i>

In vitro antibacterial activity of crude aqueous and organic extracts of rhizome of Zingiber officinaleRoscoe (ginger) was studied against both Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi) and Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes) bacterial strains. The present study reveals that the pattern of inhibition varied with the solvent used for extraction and the organism tested. Plant extracts prepared in organic solvents provided more consistent antibacterial activity as compared to aqueous extracts. Methanol extract was the most active against maximum number of bacterial species tested. Gram-positive bacteria were found the most sensitive as compared to Gram-negative bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus was significantly inhibited by almost all the extracts even in very low MIC followed by other Gram-positives. Escherichia coli (a Gram-negative bacterium) was showing the least inhibition with highest MIC values, while Salmonella typhi was found completely resistant. Methanol extract yielded the presence of terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins in phytochemical screening. Results of the present study sign the interesting assurance of designing a potentially active antibacterial agent from Zingiber officinale.

<i>Streptomyces zerumbet</i>, a Novel Species from <i>Zingiber zerumbet</i>(L.) Smith and Isolation of Its Bioactive Compounds

Streptomyces zerumbet W14, a novel species of the endophyte genus Streptomyces was isolated from the rhizome tissue of Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith. Identification of strain W14 was based on its morphology, chemotaxonomy and phylogenetic analysis using 16S rDNA sequence. It was classified as the secondary meabolites of the culture extract were studied. The major active ingredients from the crude extract were purified by silica gel column chromatography and identified by spectroscopic data. The crude extract and purified compounds were tested for their biological activities on antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. The crude extract showed inhibition on the growth of Gram-positive bacteria with the MIC and MBC values of 8 - 32 μg/ml and 32 - 128 μg/ml, respectively. The isolated compounds were identified to be methyl 5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carboxylate (1) and geldanamycin (2). Bioassay studies showed that compound 1 had antibacterial activity against Staphylococus aureus ATCC 25923 and Methicillin Resistant S. aureus strain Sp6 (clinical isolate) with the MIC and MBC values of 1 μg/ml and 16 - 64 μg/ml, respectively, and also showed activity against Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (vaccine strain) with MIC and MBC values of 128.00 μg/ml and 128.00 μg/ml, respectively. The compound 2 at the concentration of 1 - 5 μg/ml had in vitro anti-inflammatory activity on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells by inhibition of mRNA expression and production of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). These results suggest that compounds 1 and 2 produced by S. zerumbet W14 (an endophyte of Z. Zerumbet) have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities, respectively. Therefore, the future studies on these compounds could be useful for the management of bacterial infections and inflammatory diseases.

Repellent,larvicidal and adulticidal activities of essential oil from Dai medicinal plant Zingiber cassumunar against Aedes albopictus

Zingiber cassumunar is an important plant used in traditional medicine and as a natural mosquito re-pellent.However,the compounds responsible for the repellent activity of the plant are still unknown.The aim of the study is to identify the components of Z.cassumunar essential oil that show repellent activity against Aedes albopictus.We also evaluated the larvicidal and adulticidal activities of Z.cassumunar essential oil against Ae.albopictus.In-cage mosquito repellent experiments showed that Z.cassumunar essential oil possessed moderate repellent activity with a minimum effective dose(MED)of 0.16±0.01 mg/cm^(20,compared to reference standard N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide(DEET,0.03±0.01 mg/cm^(20).Bioassay-guided fractionation identified the major active compound of Z.cassumunar essential oil as(-)-terpinen-4-ol(1)(MED:0.19±0 mg/cm^(20).We also found that Z.cassumunar essential oil showed moderate larvicidal activity against first instar larvae of Ae.albopictus with a LC50(50%lethal concentration)of 44.9 mg/L after 24 h.Fumigation bioassays showed that Z.cassumunar essential oil exhibits moderate adulticidal activity against Ae.albopictus with a LC50 of 5.44%,while(-)-terpinen-4-ol showed significant adulticidal activity with a LC50 of 2.10%after 24 h.This study verifies that the Z.cassumunar essential oil has mosquito repellent activity,and that(-)-terpinen-4-ol is mainly responsible for this activity.Furthermore,this study provides scientific support for the folk usage of Z.cassumunar essential oil as mosquito repellent and indicates that Z.cassumunar essential oil and(-)-terpinen-4-ol can be used as plant-derived repellents and insecticides for mosquito control.

蘘荷叶枯病病原菌的分离鉴定与生物学特性

从发病严重田块采集蘘荷叶枯病病叶,采用组织分离法进行病原菌分离、纯化,获得代表性致病菌株RH–1,对RH–1进行鉴定,并测定其生物学特性。结合病原菌形态学特征和分子生物学鉴定,构建真菌内转录间隔区(ITS)、β–微管蛋白基因(β–Tubulin)和TEF–1α系统发育树,鉴定该菌为尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)。分别在温度(5、10、15、20、25、30、35℃)、pH(4、5、6、7、8、9、10)和光照时间(连续光照、连续黑暗、12h光照/12 h黑暗、24 h光照/24 h黑暗)条件下用PDA培养基培养RH–1,结果在30℃、pH 9和连续光照下菌丝生长较快。分别用葡萄糖、α–乳糖和麦芽糖以及酵母膏、牛肉膏、(NH4)2SO4、NH4Cl、蛋白胨和NH2CH2COOH等量替代Czapek基础培养基中的碳源和氮源,发现菌丝生长的较适碳源为葡萄糖或麦芽糖,最适氮源为牛肉膏或蛋白胨。将RH–1分别接种于红蘘荷和绿蘘荷,发现绿蘘荷的抗病性强于红蘘荷的。

Physico-Chemical Attributes of Essential Oil from Zingiber officinale Roscoe and Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith Cultivars Grown in Togo

The present study was carried out to evaluate the quality of the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale and Zingiber zerumbet from different areas of Togo on the basis of their essential oil content and composition. The dry rhizomes were pulverised, hydrodistilled and essential oils were analysed using GC and GC/MS techniques. The results revealed that the essential oil yield of Z. zerumbet ranged from 0.75% to 1.00% and was mainly composed by Zerumbone (51.8% - 37.5%) and humulene (21.7% - 28.2%). Z. officinale essential oil yielded from 1.25% to 1.67%, with major components as zingiberene (33% - 39.9%);basibolene (12.7% - 16%), and sesquiphellandrene (13% - 14.7%).

Taxonomic changes regarding three species of Zingiber (Zingiberaceae) from Thailand

Zingiber teres S. Q. Tong & Y. M. Xia and Z. xishuangbannaense S. Q. Tong are reduced to be synonyms of Z. smilesianum Craib and Z. thorelii Gagnep.,respectively. Z. cochinchinense Gagnep. is changed to be a subspecies of Z. zerumbet (L.) Sm.

Description of Flower Biology of Under-Exploited Species, <i>Zingiber barbatum</i>(Wall.) from Myanmar

Characterization of the reproductive morphology in genus Zingiber is still relevant on classical taxonomic studies because most of the species are phenotypically similar and difficult to distinguish in the absence of the flowering stage. Reports mainly derived based on the herbarium collections are insufficient for the detailed morphological review. Zingiber barbatum (Wall.) belongs to the genus Zingiber and has been neglected for a long time. Existed intraspecific morphological and genetic variations also intricate the description of this species. The objective of this study was to characterize the reproductive morphology of under-exploited Z. barbatum species. The study was done based on the traditional description of morphology and habit of inflorescence and flowers, with a recording of minimum quantitative and qualitative parameters and phenological observation regarding inflorescence life span and duration of blossom. Assessment of reproductive morphology displayed phenotypic variations regarding inflorescences habit during the growth stage and morphological features of the flower. Perhaps, an existed variation was driven by eco-geographical factors resulting in reproductive isolation due to which genetic divergence might occur. The taxonomic affiliation of Z. barbatum based on inflorescence habit has been confirmed. This is the first comprehensive report regarding flower biology on Z. barbatum.