马尔库塞在他1964年出版的《单向度的人》一书中认为:当代发达资本主义社会,工业文明的飞速发展使得人们在物质需求方面得到了充分的满足。社会大众成为被统治制度所驯服的工具,从而使发达资本主义社会中的科技、政治、劳动、消费、文...马尔库塞在他1964年出版的《单向度的人》一书中认为:当代发达资本主义社会,工业文明的飞速发展使得人们在物质需求方面得到了充分的满足。社会大众成为被统治制度所驯服的工具,从而使发达资本主义社会中的科技、政治、劳动、消费、文化、思想乃至人的心理结构等方面都发生了全面的异化。在马尔库塞看来,发达资本主义社会已经使人,尤其是人的需求发生了异化成为了一种“虚假需求”,并且这种需求在大众传媒的诱导与社会政治和技术的控制下成为了新的控制方式,人的真实需求即真正意义上的自由却消失殆尽了。对马尔库塞“虚假需求”理论的探析,对我们准确地认识当代资本主义有着重要的借鉴意义。Herbert Marcuse, in his book “One-Dimensional Man” published in 1964, posits that the rapid development of industrial civilization in contemporary advanced capitalist societies has led to a substantial satisfaction of people’s material needs. The masses have become tools tamed by the ruling system, resulting in a comprehensive alienation in various aspects of advanced capitalist society, including technology, politics, labor, consumption, culture, thought, and even the psychological structure of individuals. According to Marcuse, advanced capitalist society has alienated people, especially their needs, into a form of “false needs”. These false needs, under the guidance of mass media and the control of social politics and technology, have become a new form of control, while people’s real needs, that is, true freedom, have almost disappeared. An analysis of Marcuse’s theory of “false needs” has significant implications for an accurate understanding of contemporary capitalism.展开更多
文摘马尔库塞在他1964年出版的《单向度的人》一书中认为:当代发达资本主义社会,工业文明的飞速发展使得人们在物质需求方面得到了充分的满足。社会大众成为被统治制度所驯服的工具,从而使发达资本主义社会中的科技、政治、劳动、消费、文化、思想乃至人的心理结构等方面都发生了全面的异化。在马尔库塞看来,发达资本主义社会已经使人,尤其是人的需求发生了异化成为了一种“虚假需求”,并且这种需求在大众传媒的诱导与社会政治和技术的控制下成为了新的控制方式,人的真实需求即真正意义上的自由却消失殆尽了。对马尔库塞“虚假需求”理论的探析,对我们准确地认识当代资本主义有着重要的借鉴意义。Herbert Marcuse, in his book “One-Dimensional Man” published in 1964, posits that the rapid development of industrial civilization in contemporary advanced capitalist societies has led to a substantial satisfaction of people’s material needs. The masses have become tools tamed by the ruling system, resulting in a comprehensive alienation in various aspects of advanced capitalist society, including technology, politics, labor, consumption, culture, thought, and even the psychological structure of individuals. According to Marcuse, advanced capitalist society has alienated people, especially their needs, into a form of “false needs”. These false needs, under the guidance of mass media and the control of social politics and technology, have become a new form of control, while people’s real needs, that is, true freedom, have almost disappeared. An analysis of Marcuse’s theory of “false needs” has significant implications for an accurate understanding of contemporary capitalism.
