在高风电渗透率的刚性源端系统中,风电参与调度运行的模式需从负负荷向部分可控电源转变,而集群风电以虚拟机组(wind farm cluster virtual power generation unit,WCVPG)形式参与调度运行是提高风电可调度性的可行方案。该文作为系列...在高风电渗透率的刚性源端系统中,风电参与调度运行的模式需从负负荷向部分可控电源转变,而集群风电以虚拟机组(wind farm cluster virtual power generation unit,WCVPG)形式参与调度运行是提高风电可调度性的可行方案。该文作为系列文章的第2部分,基于文章第1部分建立的WCVPG时变概率模型,提出一种WCVPG调度特性与风险指标量化方法,为其以电源形式参与调度模型做出定量化的性能评价。首先,从可发功率、可发功率极限、出力调节范围和爬坡率四个方面提出WCVPG调度特性指标概率量化方法;然后,基于条件风险价值理论,提出WCVPG的安全性和经济性风险指标量化方法;进而,基于多状态概率分布基本运算,提出调度特性与风险指标计算方法;最后,基于实测数据比较了单个风电场与同一风电场公共连接点(point of common coupling,PCC)的风电场组合WCVPG调度特性指标和风险指标差异;分析了风电不确定性和波动性概率分布时变特性对WCVPG调度特性和风险指标的影响。展开更多
随着我国经济结构的调整,不断攀升的空调负荷成为第三产业和居民用电量增长、电网峰谷差拉大和负荷特性恶化的主因,同时随着电力能源的清洁发展,将空调负荷调控纳入电网调峰辅助服务,有利于改善电网负荷特性、促进电网安全稳定经济运行...随着我国经济结构的调整,不断攀升的空调负荷成为第三产业和居民用电量增长、电网峰谷差拉大和负荷特性恶化的主因,同时随着电力能源的清洁发展,将空调负荷调控纳入电网调峰辅助服务,有利于改善电网负荷特性、促进电网安全稳定经济运行。文章首先基于已有空调负荷基本模型,从中央空调功耗特性出发,构建了中央空调调控策略及其定量决策模型;接着,基于中央空调调控策略,从调度特性指标及其量化分析与中央空调调度出力控制等方面,建立了便于调峰调度的空调负荷虚拟机组(air-conditioning load virtual power plant,ACVPP)模型;最后,以算例仿真验证了中央空调调控策略的有效性及ACVPP模型的出力效果。展开更多
Operators suffer much diffieulty in manipulating miero-size objects without the assistance of friendly interfaces due to the scaling effects in micro worht. The paper presented a general framework for mieromanipulatio...Operators suffer much diffieulty in manipulating miero-size objects without the assistance of friendly interfaces due to the scaling effects in micro worht. The paper presented a general framework for mieromanipulation robot hased on virtual reality technology. With the framework we brought forward a FDH (Fixed Direction Hulls) based hounding box method to handle the eollision ,teteetion of the peg-in-hole mieroassembly. The eollision response model for the collision between micro needle and hole was presented. The virtual three and corresponding displacement were calculated with the model of bending deformation and pressing ,teformation. Experiments verify the validity of collision response model.展开更多
The idea of millimeter-wave (MMW) radiometer virtual prototyping is discussed in this paper. Designing environment, designing method and the main modeling components of virtual MMW radiometer are researched. Important...The idea of millimeter-wave (MMW) radiometer virtual prototyping is discussed in this paper. Designing environment, designing method and the main modeling components of virtual MMW radiometer are researched. Important external parameters, which have significant influence to composing system, are used to components modeling, and then components are taken to buildup virtual MMW radiometer system. Moreover, the effect to output is contrasted whether there is a low-noise amplifier or not.展开更多
文摘在高风电渗透率的刚性源端系统中,风电参与调度运行的模式需从负负荷向部分可控电源转变,而集群风电以虚拟机组(wind farm cluster virtual power generation unit,WCVPG)形式参与调度运行是提高风电可调度性的可行方案。该文作为系列文章的第2部分,基于文章第1部分建立的WCVPG时变概率模型,提出一种WCVPG调度特性与风险指标量化方法,为其以电源形式参与调度模型做出定量化的性能评价。首先,从可发功率、可发功率极限、出力调节范围和爬坡率四个方面提出WCVPG调度特性指标概率量化方法;然后,基于条件风险价值理论,提出WCVPG的安全性和经济性风险指标量化方法;进而,基于多状态概率分布基本运算,提出调度特性与风险指标计算方法;最后,基于实测数据比较了单个风电场与同一风电场公共连接点(point of common coupling,PCC)的风电场组合WCVPG调度特性指标和风险指标差异;分析了风电不确定性和波动性概率分布时变特性对WCVPG调度特性和风险指标的影响。
文摘随着我国经济结构的调整,不断攀升的空调负荷成为第三产业和居民用电量增长、电网峰谷差拉大和负荷特性恶化的主因,同时随着电力能源的清洁发展,将空调负荷调控纳入电网调峰辅助服务,有利于改善电网负荷特性、促进电网安全稳定经济运行。文章首先基于已有空调负荷基本模型,从中央空调功耗特性出发,构建了中央空调调控策略及其定量决策模型;接着,基于中央空调调控策略,从调度特性指标及其量化分析与中央空调调度出力控制等方面,建立了便于调峰调度的空调负荷虚拟机组(air-conditioning load virtual power plant,ACVPP)模型;最后,以算例仿真验证了中央空调调控策略的有效性及ACVPP模型的出力效果。
文摘Operators suffer much diffieulty in manipulating miero-size objects without the assistance of friendly interfaces due to the scaling effects in micro worht. The paper presented a general framework for mieromanipulation robot hased on virtual reality technology. With the framework we brought forward a FDH (Fixed Direction Hulls) based hounding box method to handle the eollision ,teteetion of the peg-in-hole mieroassembly. The eollision response model for the collision between micro needle and hole was presented. The virtual three and corresponding displacement were calculated with the model of bending deformation and pressing ,teformation. Experiments verify the validity of collision response model.
文摘The idea of millimeter-wave (MMW) radiometer virtual prototyping is discussed in this paper. Designing environment, designing method and the main modeling components of virtual MMW radiometer are researched. Important external parameters, which have significant influence to composing system, are used to components modeling, and then components are taken to buildup virtual MMW radiometer system. Moreover, the effect to output is contrasted whether there is a low-noise amplifier or not.