一种黑水虻养殖虫料自动分离控制系统设计

针对现有的滚筒筛分、振动筛分等分离方式在黑水虻养殖虫料分离作业面临的分离效率低、分离质量差、技术落后等问题,通过虫料湿度初调、黑水虻幼虫的负趋光、负趋热特性、虫料湿度末调以及配合现有的摇摆振动筛分机,文章提出了一种黑水虻养殖虫料分离工艺及自动控制系统。采用虫料湿度初调、光热应激分离、虫料湿度末调、摇摆振动筛分的处理方法,结合PLC和传感器,能够实现干物质和虫料自动搅拌、光热元件自动启停、虫料的自动均匀翻转与排出、自动筛分与收集、各个环节自动传输、虫料高效分离。本研究设计的控制系统可为提高黑水虻养殖虫料分离效率、质量和自动化程度提供技术支撑。

黑水虻养殖虫料分离方法及设备的研究进展

黑水虻(Hermetia illucens L.)是一种资源昆虫,其幼虫可将有机废弃物转化成高价值饲料蛋白,常被用于处理畜禽粪便、厨余垃圾等,同时也可杀灭废弃物中的致病菌,阻止其在食物链中传播,黑水虻这些特性为有机废弃物高效无害化处理和高值资源化转化提供了新方向。目前,在黑水虻幼虫和养殖基料分离方面存在分离效率低、成本高、缺少自动化分离设备等问题,严重制约了黑水虻养殖产业的发展。笔者对目前国内外有关黑水虻虫粪分离方法(包括光照分离法、氧气分离法、饵料诱捕法、加热分离法、风机筛分法、机械振动筛分法、离心力筛分法、人工筛分法)及分离设备在实际生产中的应用现状进行了综述,探讨和分析了黑水虻幼虫分离收集过程中面临的主要问题、分离意义及未来研究方向,以期为我国大规模黑水虻养殖中的分离收集工艺技术改进和设备研制提供参考。

基于鸡粪养殖的黑水虻幼虫复合滚筒筛参数研究

【目的】解决鸡粪养殖黑水虻虫沙结块分离难、黑水虻幼虫损失率高及分离设备筛分效率低的问题,探究筛分参数对黑水虻幼虫复合滚筒筛筛分效果的影响。【方法】在借助离散元软件构建滚筒筛物料颗粒筛分过程仿真模型的基础上,以外层滚筒转速、抄板高度、内层滚筒转速和滚筒倾角为试验因素,进行了4因素3水平正交试验,分析得到筛分效率和黑水虻幼虫损失率的最优筛分参数组合。【结果】当外层滚筒转速36 r·min^(-1),抄板高度20 mm,内层滚筒转速-45 r·min^(-1),滚筒倾角8°时,滚筒筛性能最优,筛分效率为95.32%,损失率为4.85%;在最优筛分参数组合条件下,样机试验结果与仿真试验结果相对误差分别为4.19%和0.55%,仿真试验与样机试验结果吻合度较好。【结论】解决了黑水虻幼虫分离设备现存问题,获得了滚筒筛分的最佳筛分参数,为黑水虻幼虫筛分设备相关研究提供参考。

温湿度对黑水虻繁殖率及幼虫转化鸡粪效率的研究

为了探讨山东地区冬季黑水虻成虫繁殖的最佳温湿度环境以及幼虫对新鲜鸡粪的转化效率,对不同饲养温度和湿度下黑水虻虫蛹羽化率、平均产卵量和虫卵孵化率等指标进行测定,分析幼虫增重、料虫比、干物质转化率以及采食速度等指标的变化规律。结果表明:黑水虻虫蛹在本试验条件下均能正常羽化(P>0.05);27℃、30℃温度条件下与24℃相比均极显著提高了成虫的平均产卵量(P<0.01),人工加湿与自然湿度相比也有显著提高(P<0.05);33℃虫卵孵化率最低,27℃和30℃孵化效果好;人工加湿显著提高了27℃、30℃和33℃虫卵孵化率(P<0.05);温度和相对湿度对平均产卵量和虫卵孵化率均具有明显的交互作用(P<0.05)。研究结果显示,黑水虻幼虫的增重为72.16 mg,料虫比8.79,干物质转化率为33.28%,采食速度在接虫后第5天最快,达到8.98 mg/h。

竹林蝉花的仿生培育和代料栽培

竹林蝉花是一种珍贵的药材,野生数量极为稀少。在竹林下仿生培育和利用蝉虫粉栽培是解决之道。几年来,通过不断的探索和调整,仿生培育和代料人工栽培有了较大的进展,为合理开发利用蝉花提供了实践基础和理论依据。

Exploitation and Utilization of Insect Protein Feed Resources

The insect is the animal protein feed resource potential, the rapid repro- duction, large quantity, high protein content, and most species of insects can be used as livestock feed utilization, development of insect as feed resources, to pro- mote the development of China＇s animal husbandry and feed industry, has important significance.

A Preliminary Survey on Pest of Bamboo in Yunnan Province

In order to improve the development step of bamboo industry, the pest investigation was done in Yunnan Province from 2000, and 1 500 specimens were collected. Basing on the investigation and the date of recordation, there had 224 species pests, belonging to 7 orders and 49 families. Among the pest, most done harm to the bamboo slightly, except Omphisa sp., Pantana phyllostachysae and Cyrtotrachelus buqueti. The disease and pest of bamboo should be investigated in whole province systematically.

Development of Artificial Diet for Erigonidium graminicolum(sundevall)

[Objective] This study was to find out the artificial diet formula for Erigoni- dium graminicolum （Sundevall） to realize its indoor artificial breeding. [Method] Using orthogonal decomposition method, the diet most suitable for the normal and quick growth of Erigonidium graminicolum （sundevall）, was developed by adding different species and different proportions of fresh insects to the artificial diet based on the formula of total nutrient solution proposed by Zhao Jing-zhao. [Result] The most suit- able formula for the development and growth of Erigonidium graminicolum （Sundevall） is 10 ml of egg white, 2 g of honey, 2 g of sucrose, 10 ml of water, 5 g of Ci- cadella viridis, moderate amount of cornmeal, compound vitamin B1 and vitamin C1. [Conclusion] The development of new type artificial diet can provide timely and nec- essary material premise for its large-scale indoor propagation.

Mechanism of anti-arterial thrombosis of Dahuangzhecong Fang screened by Ti-Al intermetallic compound porous material

The mechanism of antithrombotic of Dahuangzhechong Fang separated and purified by Ti-Al intermetallic compound porous material (TAICPM) was researched. Dahuangzhechong Fang, which was isolated and screened by TAICPM, was used to oral rats. At the end of study, their blood and thrombus were collected. The results show that TAICPM with the pore size of 1-5 μm can screen Dahuangzhechong Fang well. Dahuangzhechong Fang can increase 6-keto-PGF1α, lower content of TXD2 and platelet. Dahuangzhechong Fang has good effect to resist arterial thrombosis.

Comparison of Protein Content among Non-diapause Pupae,Diapause Pupae and Eclosion-adult from Diapause Pupae of Papilio memnon

[ Objective] The experiment aimed to explore the diapause mechanism of Papilio memnon L. further. [ Method] The colorimetry method was used to detect protein content of non-diapause pupae, diapause pupae and eclosion-adult from diapause pupae at different developmental stages. [Result] It was showed that the protein content of non-diapause pupae was from 111.768 to 115.030 7 mg/g and the change of protein content during whole pupal stage, while diapause pupae were from 81.218 to 131.623 7 mg/g and the change of protein content was not big from last ten-day period of October to last ten-day pariod of November, however, the content increased from the last ten-day period of November. The protein content of emerging adult was 296.969 3 mg/g. [Conclusion] The change of protein content was related to Papilio memnon at different development stage.

Study on Controlling Tobacco Root-knot Nematode by Fertilizer and Pesticide Synergy

Synergism between pesticide and fertilizer in controlling root-knot nematode was investigated by field randomized block test. The results showed that the best control efficiency was shared by 0.5% abamectin and 25% mixed pesticide （abamectin and carbosulfan）, 24.1% and 28.0%, respectively. The positive effect was found by synergism between pesticide and fertiUzer in controlling reot-knot nematode. The economic benefit and agricultural benefit were gained by controlling root-knot nematodes. The results suggested that the agricultural and ecological benefit could be gained through the integration of agricultural practice and chemical technology in controlling root-knot nematode.

Effects on the population dynamics of Brachionus rubens(Rotifera)caused by mercury and cadmium administered through medium and algal food Chlorella vulgaris

Due to industrial activities,heavy metal concentrations in aquatic systems of Mexico,are on the rise.Zooplankton,particularly rotifers,being sensitive and common components of freshwater,are widely used in ecotoxicological tests for establishing water quality criteria.Depending on the route of exposure(i.e.via medium or algal food),the toxicity of heavy metals varies.In the present study we evaluated the effect of cadmium and mercury exposed through medium and via algal food for the rotifer B.rubens.For both the heavy metals,we exposed rotifers via medium containing Chlorella at 0.5×10^(6)cells/ml or fed daily on previously exposed(1,2 and 4 h)alga to the toxicants(using 5 times the value of LC_(50)for B.rubens).For cadmium toxicity through medium,we used 3 toxicant levels(0.1,0.2 and 0.4 mg/L)and for mercury,we used 0.005,0.010 and 0.015 mg/L.Based on the LC_(50),B.rubens was 24 times more sensitive to mercury(0.035±0.002 mg/L)than cadmium.At a concentration of 0.4 mg/L,cadmium through the medium caused increased lag phase of B.rubens.When grown on Chlorella exposed for different durations to cadmium,the rotifer density decreased with the increasing duration of algal exposure to the heavy metal.When mercury was used in the medium or via algal food,the trends in the population growth of B.rubens were similar to those for cadmium.An increase in heavy metal concentration in the medium resulted in a decrease of the rate of population increase per day(r).The r varied from 0.33(in control)to 0.02 d^(-1)(in heavy metal treatment)depending on the mode of exposure though medium or via algal food.

Synthesis and Characterization of Worm-shaped Tubular Lanthanum Aluminum Composite Mesoporous Materials

The lanthanum aluminum mesoporous materials were synthesized using sodium dodecyl sulfate as a template agent by ultrasonic hydrothermal method.The resulting samples were characterized by low angle X-ray diffraction（XRD）,N2 adsorption-desorption studies,transmission electron microscopy（TEM）and surface morphology analysis（SEM）,surface acid（NH3-TPD）,reducibility properties（TPR）,X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer（EDS）and thermogravimetric analysis（TG/DTG）.A l/La composite mesoporous material were synthesized with n（Al）︰n（La）=70︰1.0,80°C of reaction temperature,20 h of reaction time,12 h of crystallization time,650°C of calcination temperature.The specific surface area of the sample is 273.90 m 2 ·g ？1 ,with the average diameter 5.642 nm and pore volume 0.2354 cm 3 ·g ？1 .The samples have mesoporous structure and its particles are similar to a worm-shaped tubular structure.The influence of calcination temperature on the surface physical and chemical properties of Al/La composited mesoporous materials was examined,and the results showed that the acid strength was increased but the amount of acidic sites is decreased as the calcination temperature increased.It was found that the sample calcined at 650°C had appropriate acid content,acid strength and better reducibility.

Complete mitochondrial genome of yellow meal worm （Tenebrio molitor）

The yellow meal worm （Tenebrio molitor L.） is an important resource insect typically used as animal feed additive. It is also widely used for biological research. The first complete mitochondrial genome of T. rnolitor was determined for the first time by long PCR and conserved primer walking approaches. The results showed that the entire mitogenome of T. molitor was 15 785 bp long, with 72.35% A＋T content [deposited in GenBank with accession number KF418153]. The gene order and orientation were the same as the most common type suggested as ancestral for insects. Two protein-coding genes used atypical start codons （CTA in ND2 and AAT in COX1）, and the remaining 11 protein-coding genes started with a typical insect initiation codon ATN. All tRNAs showed standard clover-leaf structure, except for tRNASer （AGN）, which lacked a dihydrouridine （DHU） arm. The newly added T. molitor mitogenome could provide information for future studies on yellow meal worm.

Determination of Cordyceps Sinensis/Betaine Compound Feed Nutriment by HPLC

[Objective] The aim was to conduct HPLC analysis on Cordyceps Sinensis/Betaine compound feed nutriment. [Method] Cordyceps Sinensis/Betaine compound feed nutriment was under HPLC analysis to determine separation of Cordyceps Sinensis effluent and betaine. [Result] Different compositions in Cordyceps Sinensis/etaine compound feed nutriment would be well separated by the method. [Conclusion] The method provides a suitable platform of separation and analysis for Cordyceps Sinensis /Betaine compound feed nutriment.

Topsoil as Affected by Dung Deposition Under Resting Places of Red Howler Monkey (Alouatta seniculus)

The short-term influence of dung deposition and the further redistribution of dung by dung beetles were studied under a resting place of the red howler monkey （Alouatta seniculus） living in tropical ralnforests of South America. Monkey dung was experimentally clumped on the field in a place used by troops of howler monkeys for resting in the Nouragues Reserve Station, French Guiana. Dung-treated plots were sampled serially over three weeks and compared with controls located in their immediate vicinity. The composition of the soil matrix （top 10 cm） was studied in successive microlayers using an optical method. Under the influence of dung beetle activity, the topsoil became more homogeneous by losing its litter, its content in earthworm faeces increased in the course of time, and surface mineral deposits were penetrated by roots. The results were interpreted in the light of present knowledge on the effects of soil animal activity on plant growth and survival of seedlings.

The Case Against Delusional Parasitosis

The body of knowledge on delusional parasitosis incriminates ＂delusional patients＂ as having imaginary external and/or internal symptoms that feel like parasite movements, dismisses them as psychiatric cases, and confuses cause with effect. The author is critical of these arguments and believes that the symptoms of crawling and pin-pricking are genuine; just misinterpreted as parasite movements. Based on the author＇s research on over 1000 ＂delusional＂ patients since 1996 at the Parasitology Center, Inc. （PCI）, the author has established that the symptoms of crawling and pin-pricking are caused by toxicity from exposure to incompatible dental materials, implants, environmental toxins among others that alter the propagation of normal nerve impulses. The author has also observed that external parasites/organisms including springtails （Collembola）, other arthropods, bacteria, and fungi represent only opportunistic infections of skin sites compromised by the toxicity disorder involving the elimination of toxins through the skin. The author has described a new pathological disorder, Neuro-cutaneous Syndrome （NCS） primarily associated with dental toxicity to which ＂delusional parasitosis＂ and Morgellons disease cases could be assigned. The author has developed a protocol for the resolution of the symptoms of NCS cases. When followed to the letter, all symptoms of NCS, conventionally called delusional parasitosis, are invariably and irreversibly resolved; each individual＇s unique circumstances taken into account. The author is also presenting a detailed case history of an NCS patient that has recovered from her experiential personal perspective.

Antialgal and Antilarval Activities of Bioactive Compounds Extracted from the Marine Dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae

Abstract With the global ban on the application of organotin-based marine coatings by the International Maritime Organization, the development of environmentally friendly, low-toxic and nontoxic antifouling compounds for marine industries has become an urgent need. Marine microorganisms have been considered as a potential source of natural antifoulants. In this study, the antifouling potential of marine dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae, the toxic and red-tide microalgae, was investigated. We performed a series of operations to extract the bioactive substances from Amphidinium carterae and tested their antialgal and antilarval activities. The crude extract of Amphidinium carterae showed significant antialgal activity and the ECs0 value against Skeletonema costatum was 55.4 ~tg mL-1. After purification, the isolated bioactive substances （the organic extract C） exhibited much higher antialgal and antilar- val activities with ECso of 12.9μgmL-1 against Skeletonema costatum and LC50 of 15.1 μmL-1 against Amphibalanus amphitrite larvae. Subsequently, IR, Q-TOFMS, and GC-MS were utilized for the structural elucidation of the bioactive compounds, and a series of unsaturated and saturated 16- to 22-carbon fatty acids were detected. The data suggested the bioactive compounds isolated from Amphidinium carterae exhibited a significant inhibiting effect against the diatom Skeletonema costatum and Amphibalanus amphi- trite larvae, and could be substitutes for persistent, toxic antifouling compounds.

Mesocosm Hatcheries Using Semi-intensive Methodologies and Species Diversification in Aquaculture

Mesocosm hatcheries using semi-intensive culture methodologies are characterized by large tanks （40 m3） for fish larvae production at low densities （2-8 larvae/L）, with live prey production within the tank supplemented by exogenous sources of feed. Due to the high biological quality of larvae produced and low level of technological input, these methodologies are regarded as an interesting option to meet the increasing fry demand from the aquaculture industry. This study aimed to describe the experience at Centro de Maricultura da Calheta, Madeira Island, Portugal, with the establishment of a mesocosm hatchery for the production of marine fish larvae. Production trials were initiated with gilthead seabream Sparus aurata. This larval species presented faster growth in total body length （TL） per day （TL = 3.7516e~ ~293day, R2 = 0.9404）, higher survival rate （SR = 31.9%） and comparable swimbladder inflation rates （SB = 90%） to those of larvae reared with intensive methodologies. High larval performance was obtained with two candidate species for aquaculture： the red porgy Pagruspagrus （TL = 3.212e~~39day, R2 = 0.995; SR = 15.3%; SB = 95.7%） and the white seabream Diplodus sargus （TL = 3.6355e~~413day, R2= 0.9824; SR = 25%; SB --- 100%）. Testing ofa 110 m3 mesocosm rearing tank with white seabream larvae revealed limitations associated to larger tanks namely, the amount and quality of live feed required daily. First trials with striped jack （Pseudocararoc dentex） larvae resulted in low larval survival （0.04%）, but the use of a white tank avoided culture management constraints related to positive phototropism. The present results suggest that a mesocosm using semi-intensive methodologies may contribute to species diversification and consequently, to the sustainable development of aquaculture.

Parasites of Anisakidae Family--Geographical Distribution and Threat to Human Health

Nematodes of the Anisakidae family are important parasites that can cause anisakiasis--human parasitic infection of gastrointestinal tract. Allergic symptoms can arise as secondary immune response after infection by living parasite. In the life cycle of these parasites, intermediate, definitive and paratenic hosts （fish） might occur. In most cases, human anisakiasis is caused by consumption of fish which are infected with the larvae of the Anisakidae family. The purpose of the article was to assess the definitive host, the geographical spread of the parasites and the risk associated with consumption of raw fish and fishery products. Furthermore, this article describes symptoms and treatment of anisakiasis and kinds of preventive measures that can be taken to prevent anisakiasis.