不同施肥模式下黑水虻虫粪肥对水稻产量及土壤环境的影响

为研究不同施肥模式下施用黑水虻虫粪肥对水稻产量及土壤环境的影响,该研究在浙江省稻田试验点开展田间试验。分别设置不施肥(CK)、常规施肥(CF)、黑水虻虫粪肥等氮替代(BOF)、50%黑水虻虫粪肥替代(BCF)、商品有机肥等氮替代(COF)、50%商品有机肥替代(CCF)6个处理,对比不同处理对水稻产量及土壤理化性质、酶活性的影响。结果表明,施用黑水虻虫粪肥可有效提升土壤电导率、速效钾、铵态氮含量,BOF处理产量最高,较不施肥处理增产13.54%,增产效果不低于以畜禽粪污为主要原料的商品有机肥。

黑水虻虫粪肥对土壤理化性质及烟草生长的影响

为了探究黑水虻虫粪肥对植烟土壤理化性质及烟草生长的影响,采用不同用量黑水虻虫粪肥(0%、2%、4%、6%、8%,以盆栽土壤的重量计)进行盆栽试验。结果表明:随着黑水虻虫粪肥用量增加,植烟土壤pH值、EC值、土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量及土壤磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性均有所提高,其中以8%虫粪肥处理提升幅度最大,土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量及土壤磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性分别比CK提高了46.15%、262.26%、178.64%、255.61%、154.17%、107.68%,而6%虫粪肥处理的土壤脲酶活性最高,较CK提高了309.09%;黑水虻虫粪肥促进了烟草生长,与CK相比,烟草株高、最大叶面积、地上部干重、根干重及根活力分别增加了64.57%~163.50%、50.70%~149.09%、45.65%~164.11%、43.67%~106.00%、18.43%~136.81%,促进了烟草生理代谢,提高了旺长期烟叶的叶绿素含量、SOD、POD及淀粉酶活性。综上,施用黑水虻虫粪肥提高了植烟土壤养分和酶活性,促进了烟草生长和生理代谢,以6%用量的黑水虻虫粪肥效果最好。

虫粪有机肥对植烟土壤理化性质及烟草生长的影响

采用烤烟‘中烟100’开展盆栽试验,以传统芝麻饼肥为对照,探究蚯蚓粪肥、蛴螬虫粪肥及黑水虻虫粪肥3种虫粪有机肥对植烟土壤理化性质及烟草生长的影响。结果表明:黑水虻虫粪肥处理的土壤有效磷、速效钾含量及土壤磷酸酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性较芝麻饼肥分别提高了65.66%、23.36%、12.20%、24.39%、23.61%;蛴螬虫粪肥处理的土壤有效磷和速效钾含量、脲酶活性与芝麻饼肥无显著差异,而土壤有机质、碱解氮含量及土壤磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性都降低;蚯蚓粪肥处理的土壤各养分指标和酶活性均显著低于芝麻饼肥处理;3种虫粪肥处理的土壤p H值均有所提高,蛴螬虫粪肥和黑水虻虫粪肥处理的土壤EC值升高;黑水虻虫粪肥处理的烟草株高、最大叶面积、根活力、根干重均高于芝麻饼肥,而蚯蚓粪肥和蛴螬虫粪肥处理低于芝麻饼肥;同时,黑水虻虫粪肥和蛴螬虫粪肥提高了烟叶的烟碱含量和糖含量,使烟叶中的钾、氯含量及钾氯比均处于或接近适值范围,品质更好。综上,3种虫粪肥中,黑水虻虫粪肥的肥效最佳,优于传统芝麻饼肥,提高了植烟土壤的养分含量,增强了土壤酶活性,促进了烟草生长和品质的提升。

Topsoil as Affected by Dung Deposition Under Resting Places of Red Howler Monkey (Alouatta seniculus)

The short-term influence of dung deposition and the further redistribution of dung by dung beetles were studied under a resting place of the red howler monkey （Alouatta seniculus） living in tropical ralnforests of South America. Monkey dung was experimentally clumped on the field in a place used by troops of howler monkeys for resting in the Nouragues Reserve Station, French Guiana. Dung-treated plots were sampled serially over three weeks and compared with controls located in their immediate vicinity. The composition of the soil matrix （top 10 cm） was studied in successive microlayers using an optical method. Under the influence of dung beetle activity, the topsoil became more homogeneous by losing its litter, its content in earthworm faeces increased in the course of time, and surface mineral deposits were penetrated by roots. The results were interpreted in the light of present knowledge on the effects of soil animal activity on plant growth and survival of seedlings.

The Use of Sludge from Cow Manure Biodigester as Fertilizer and Carrier of Cordyceps sp. for White Grub Pest Control

Processing cow manure into biogas is a solution to reduce air pollutant, because it reduces the smell of the manure up to 70%. Besides producing biogas, the sludge of biodigester can also serve as solid and liquid fertilizer. The solid fertilizer can be used as carder of entomopathogenic fungi to control the pest which lives underground. The research aimed to investigate the benefits of biodigester sludge as fertilizer and carrier of entomopathogenic fungi （Cordyceps sp.） to control white grub pest. The use of organic fertilizer and pesticide in the cultivation can minimize the environmental hazard. The method used in the study was completely randomized design with four treatments, which were the addition of Cordyceps sp. corn media as much as 0, 10, 20 and 30 g/kg of sludge. Every addition was repeated three times to corn planted in a tub. To examine the effect of the treatments, the data were analyzed with ANOVA and Duncan test was applied when differences occurred between treatments. The results of the research showed that the nutrients contained in the manure which had been processed into biogas were not lost. The plants cultivated in the planting medium supplemented with sludge grew healthier, bigger, taller and had stronger and longer roots. On the contrary, the plants cultivated without sludge addition were vulnerable to white grub attack. The Cordyceps sp., which was added into the sludge, was effective to control the white grub. The concentration of Cordyceps sp. as much as 20 g/kg of sludge in corn planting medium was the most effective concentration to control white grub pest.