With the increasing effects of global climate change and fishing activities,the spatial distribution of the neon flying squid(Ommastrephes bartramii) is changing in the traditional fishing ground of 150°-160°...With the increasing effects of global climate change and fishing activities,the spatial distribution of the neon flying squid(Ommastrephes bartramii) is changing in the traditional fishing ground of 150°-160°E and 38°-45°N in the northwest Pacific Ocean.This research aims to identify the spatial hot and cold spots(i.e.spatial clusters) of O.bartramii to reveal its spatial structure using commercial fishery data from2007 to 2010 collected by Chinese mainland squid-j igging fleets.A relatively strongly-clustered distribution for O.bartramii was observed using an exploratory spatial data analysis(ESDA) method.The results show two hot spots and one cold spot in 2007 while only one hot and one cold spots were identified each year from2008 to 2010.The hot and cold spots in 2007 occupied 8.2%and 5.6%of the study area,respectively;these percentages for hot and cold spot areas were 5.8%and 3.1%in 2008,10.2%and 2.9%in 2009,and 16.4%and 11.9%in 2010,respectively.Nearly half(>45%) of the squid from 2007 to 2009 reported by Chinese fleets were caught in hot spot areas while this percentage reached its peak at 68.8%in 2010,indicating that the hot spot areas are central fishing grounds.A further change analysis shows the area centered at156°E/43.5°N was persistent as a hot spot over the whole period from 2007 to 2010.Furthermore,the hot spots were mainly identified in areas with sea surface temperature(SST) in the range of 15-20℃ around warm Kuroshio Currents as well as with the chlorophyll-a(chl-a) concentration above 0.3 mg/m^3.The outcome of this research improves our understanding of spatiotemporal hotspots and its variation for O.bartramii and is useful for sustainable exploitation,assessment,and management of this squid.展开更多
Several Chinese Iris species have potential for medicinal and ornamental use, but they have poor, erratic or slow seed germination. The aims of this study was to classify Iris ehrysographes dormancy type and investiga...Several Chinese Iris species have potential for medicinal and ornamental use, but they have poor, erratic or slow seed germination. The aims of this study was to classify Iris ehrysographes dormancy type and investigate the optimum treatment for seeds germination through examining the effects of various incubation temperatures, light conditions, scarification, stratification and soil substratum. Seed viability of/. chrysographes was 74% and seeds imbibed water very fast. No seeds germinated on stratification, soil substratum, constant or alternating temperatures, light and darkness treatments. Seeds germination of different mechanical restriction treatments had significant differences. The results indicated that： （1） removal of seed coat was the most effective treatment for/. chrysographes germination; （2） physiological dormancy phenomenon was found in this species.展开更多
Gandaki River Basin(GRB) is part of the central Himalayan region, which provides habitat for numerous wild species. However, due to changes in climate and land cover, the habitats of many protected species are at risk...Gandaki River Basin(GRB) is part of the central Himalayan region, which provides habitat for numerous wild species. However, due to changes in climate and land cover, the habitats of many protected species are at risk. Based on the maximum entropy(MaxEnt) model, coupled with bioclimatic layers, land cover and DEM data, the impacts of environmental factors on habitat suitability of Himalayan Monal(Lophophorus impejanus), a national bird of Nepal, was quantified. This study further assessed the present and future habitat and distribution of the Himalayan Monal in the context of climate and land cover changes. The results of this study show that the highly suitable habitat of Himalayan Monal presently occupies around 749 km^2 within the northern, eastern and western parts, particularly protected areas such as Langtang National Park, Manaslu Conservation Area and Annapurna Conservation Area, while it is likely to decrease to 561 km^2 by 2050, primarily in the northern and northwestern parts(i.e., Chhyo, Tatopani, Humde and Chame). These expected changes indicate increasing risk for Himalayan Monal due to a decline in its suitable habitat area.展开更多
The relationships among the proportions of the neon dual isotopes ratio, scale factor corrections (SFCs), light intensities, environmental magnetic field and magnetic zero drift are discussed in detail by numerical si...The relationships among the proportions of the neon dual isotopes ratio, scale factor corrections (SFCs), light intensities, environmental magnetic field and magnetic zero drift are discussed in detail by numerical simulations. The results show that the unification of the optimal operating point (OP) and the frequency stabilization operating point (FSP) is achievable by adjusting the proportions of neon dual isotopes accurately and tuning the cavity length with frequency stabilization system exactly. In that case, the left-rotation and right-rotation gyros can obtain the same SFC, which can decrease the magnetic sensitivity of the laser gyro efficiently. The Zeeman effect zero drift and the Faraday bias zero drift are both reduced by two orders of magnitude, while the magnetic shielding requirement of laser tube is decreased by 1-2 orders of magnitude.展开更多
Pseudobranch function has long interested scientists, but its role has yet to be elucidated. Several studies have suggested that pseudobranchs serve respiratory, osmoregulatory, and sensory functions. This work invest...Pseudobranch function has long interested scientists, but its role has yet to be elucidated. Several studies have suggested that pseudobranchs serve respiratory, osmoregulatory, and sensory functions. This work investigated the immunolocalization of pseudobranch carbonic anhydrase （CA） in the teleost fish species rainbow trout （Oncor- hynchus mykiss） to clarify its physiological function. CA was purified from rainbow trout gills O. mykiss and specific antibodies were raised. Immunoblotting between tissue homogenates of pseudobrench and gill CA antibodies showed specific immunostaining with only one band corresponding to CA in the pseudobranch homogenate. Results of im- munohistochemical technique revealed that CA was distributed within pseudobranch cells and more precisely in the apical parts （anti-vascular） of cells. The basal （vascular） parts of cells, tubular system, blood capillaries, and pillar cells were not immunostained. Immunocytochemistry confirmed these results and showed that some CA enzyme was cytoplasmic and the remainder was linked to membranous structures. The results also showed that the lacunar tissue tayers did not display immunoperoxidase activity. Our results indicated that pseudobranch CA may have a function related to the extracellular medium wherein CA intervenes with the mechanism of stimulation of afferent nerve fibers.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41406146,41476129)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipality(No.13ZR1419300)+1 种基金the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(No.20123104120002)the Shanghai Universities First-Class Disciplines Project-Fisheries(A)
文摘With the increasing effects of global climate change and fishing activities,the spatial distribution of the neon flying squid(Ommastrephes bartramii) is changing in the traditional fishing ground of 150°-160°E and 38°-45°N in the northwest Pacific Ocean.This research aims to identify the spatial hot and cold spots(i.e.spatial clusters) of O.bartramii to reveal its spatial structure using commercial fishery data from2007 to 2010 collected by Chinese mainland squid-j igging fleets.A relatively strongly-clustered distribution for O.bartramii was observed using an exploratory spatial data analysis(ESDA) method.The results show two hot spots and one cold spot in 2007 while only one hot and one cold spots were identified each year from2008 to 2010.The hot and cold spots in 2007 occupied 8.2%and 5.6%of the study area,respectively;these percentages for hot and cold spot areas were 5.8%and 3.1%in 2008,10.2%and 2.9%in 2009,and 16.4%and 11.9%in 2010,respectively.Nearly half(>45%) of the squid from 2007 to 2009 reported by Chinese fleets were caught in hot spot areas while this percentage reached its peak at 68.8%in 2010,indicating that the hot spot areas are central fishing grounds.A further change analysis shows the area centered at156°E/43.5°N was persistent as a hot spot over the whole period from 2007 to 2010.Furthermore,the hot spots were mainly identified in areas with sea surface temperature(SST) in the range of 15-20℃ around warm Kuroshio Currents as well as with the chlorophyll-a(chl-a) concentration above 0.3 mg/m^3.The outcome of this research improves our understanding of spatiotemporal hotspots and its variation for O.bartramii and is useful for sustainable exploitation,assessment,and management of this squid.
文摘Several Chinese Iris species have potential for medicinal and ornamental use, but they have poor, erratic or slow seed germination. The aims of this study was to classify Iris ehrysographes dormancy type and investigate the optimum treatment for seeds germination through examining the effects of various incubation temperatures, light conditions, scarification, stratification and soil substratum. Seed viability of/. chrysographes was 74% and seeds imbibed water very fast. No seeds germinated on stratification, soil substratum, constant or alternating temperatures, light and darkness treatments. Seeds germination of different mechanical restriction treatments had significant differences. The results indicated that： （1） removal of seed coat was the most effective treatment for/. chrysographes germination; （2） physiological dormancy phenomenon was found in this species.
基金Chinese Academy of Sciences-The World Academy of Sciences(CAS-TWAS)President's Fellowship Program for PhD Study。
文摘Gandaki River Basin(GRB) is part of the central Himalayan region, which provides habitat for numerous wild species. However, due to changes in climate and land cover, the habitats of many protected species are at risk. Based on the maximum entropy(MaxEnt) model, coupled with bioclimatic layers, land cover and DEM data, the impacts of environmental factors on habitat suitability of Himalayan Monal(Lophophorus impejanus), a national bird of Nepal, was quantified. This study further assessed the present and future habitat and distribution of the Himalayan Monal in the context of climate and land cover changes. The results of this study show that the highly suitable habitat of Himalayan Monal presently occupies around 749 km^2 within the northern, eastern and western parts, particularly protected areas such as Langtang National Park, Manaslu Conservation Area and Annapurna Conservation Area, while it is likely to decrease to 561 km^2 by 2050, primarily in the northern and northwestern parts(i.e., Chhyo, Tatopani, Humde and Chame). These expected changes indicate increasing risk for Himalayan Monal due to a decline in its suitable habitat area.
基金supported by the Science Foundation of Aeronautics of China (No.20090853014)
文摘The relationships among the proportions of the neon dual isotopes ratio, scale factor corrections (SFCs), light intensities, environmental magnetic field and magnetic zero drift are discussed in detail by numerical simulations. The results show that the unification of the optimal operating point (OP) and the frequency stabilization operating point (FSP) is achievable by adjusting the proportions of neon dual isotopes accurately and tuning the cavity length with frequency stabilization system exactly. In that case, the left-rotation and right-rotation gyros can obtain the same SFC, which can decrease the magnetic sensitivity of the laser gyro efficiently. The Zeeman effect zero drift and the Faraday bias zero drift are both reduced by two orders of magnitude, while the magnetic shielding requirement of laser tube is decreased by 1-2 orders of magnitude.
文摘Pseudobranch function has long interested scientists, but its role has yet to be elucidated. Several studies have suggested that pseudobranchs serve respiratory, osmoregulatory, and sensory functions. This work investigated the immunolocalization of pseudobranch carbonic anhydrase （CA） in the teleost fish species rainbow trout （Oncor- hynchus mykiss） to clarify its physiological function. CA was purified from rainbow trout gills O. mykiss and specific antibodies were raised. Immunoblotting between tissue homogenates of pseudobrench and gill CA antibodies showed specific immunostaining with only one band corresponding to CA in the pseudobranch homogenate. Results of im- munohistochemical technique revealed that CA was distributed within pseudobranch cells and more precisely in the apical parts （anti-vascular） of cells. The basal （vascular） parts of cells, tubular system, blood capillaries, and pillar cells were not immunostained. Immunocytochemistry confirmed these results and showed that some CA enzyme was cytoplasmic and the remainder was linked to membranous structures. The results also showed that the lacunar tissue tayers did not display immunoperoxidase activity. Our results indicated that pseudobranch CA may have a function related to the extracellular medium wherein CA intervenes with the mechanism of stimulation of afferent nerve fibers.
