纳米压印抗蚀剂变形行为的分子动力学计算

为了提高纳米压印的成型质量,采用粗粒化分子动力学方法,研究纳米压印中抗蚀剂的变形行为。计算模型包括线宽结构的硅模具,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)聚合物薄膜以及硅基板。模型的x,y方向采用周期性边界条件,z方向采用非周期性边界条件。分析不同压印条件下,模具所需要的压印力及不同区域抗蚀剂密度的变化。结果表明,随着模具槽宽的增大,压印温度的上升,在下压过程中所需要的压印力逐渐减小;在脱模初始阶段,模具和抗蚀剂之间的相互作用力出现阶跃式的递减;下压阶段,抗蚀剂局部密度增加;脱模阶段,抗蚀剂出现回弹现象。

蚀变作用的多原岩系统及质量平衡

介绍了造成岩石地球化学不均匀性的原因 ,主要有测量误差、闭合问题及岩石学方面的控制等。各有其不同的研究和解决方法。对于蚀变岩的多原岩系统 ,常用不相容高场强元素 (HFSE)来描述岩石性质 ,用其作为监视器 ,可作出各相容元素 (或成分 )的分异线 ;用不活动元素蚀变线与分异线的交点来确定原岩成分 。

压裂过程射孔孔眼冲蚀动态演化过程数值模拟

在套管加砂压裂阶段,由于支撑剂对射孔孔眼的冲蚀,导致孔眼摩阻骤降,同时伴随着严重的扩径与变形。为此,基于Rocky DEM方法探究孔眼的冲蚀动态演化过程和孔眼摩阻衰减规律。结果表明,孔眼的冲蚀变形包括孔肩冲蚀和扩径冲蚀两个阶段。在排量20 m^(3)/min、砂含量150 kg/m^(3)、100目石英砂的模拟条件下,孔眼摩阻的衰减主要发生在孔肩冲蚀阶段。在0~500 s之间,孔眼摩阻由冲蚀前的15.88 MPa降低至4.41 MPa。

不易排除的故障

有不少的内燃机低压油管采用防腐耐油耐酸的橡胶管,做油箱至油泵前输油管。虽说防腐耐油耐酸,但经几年使用后,油管的内壁,经不住燃油的常年浸蚀,油管仍要出现腐蚀变形变粗。使燃油通过不畅,供油量减少,发动机马力下降,甚至不着火。分析查找故障时。

Stress corrosion cracking behaviour of 7xxx aluminum alloys: A literature review

Stress corrosion cracking （SCC） is degradation of mechanical properties under the combined action of stress and corrosive environment of the susceptible material. Out of eight series of aluminium alloys, 2xxx, 5xxx and 7xxx aluminium alloys are susceptible to SCC. Among them, 7xxx series aluminium alloys have specific application in aerospace, military and structural industries due to superior mechanical properties. In these high strength 7xxx aluminium alloys, SCC plays a vital factor of consideration, as these failures are catastrophic during the service. The understanding of SCC behaviour possesses critical challenge for this alloy. The main aim of this review paper is to understand the effect of constituent alloying elements on the response of microstructural variation in various heat-treated conditions on SCC behavior. Further, review was made for improving the SCC resistance using thermomechanical treatments and by surface modifications of 7xxx alloys. Apart from a brief review on SCC of 7xxx alloys, this paper presents the effect of stress and pre-strain, effect of constituent alloying elements in the alloy, and the effect of environments on SCC behaviour. In addition, the SCC behaviours of weldments, 7xxx metal matrix composites and also laser surface modifications were also reviewed.

Effect of pre-deformation of rolling combined with stretching on stress corrosion of aluminum alloy 2519A plate

The effect of the pre-deformation of rolling combined with stretching on the stress corrosion cracking resistance of aluminum alloy 2519A was studied by means of the slow strain rate technique at 10-6 s-1. The tensile strength and stress corrosion index of the alloy plate with 7% rolling plus 3% perpendicular stretching were 481 MPa and 0.0429, respectively, showing better mechanical property and stress corrosion cracking resistance than those with 4% rolling plus 3% parallel stretching or 7% rolling plus 3% parallel stretching, which is due to its finer and denser precipitates within the grains, discontinuous grain boundary precipitates, as well as more narrow precipitate-free zone width. Such microstructure is attributing to the denser and more homogeneously distributed dislocations which are produced by the pre-deformation.

Corrosion behaviour of thixoformed and heat-treated ZA27 alloys in NaCl solution

The influence of corrosion on the microstructure of thixoformed and heat-treated ZA27 alloys was investigated. The microstructure of ZA27 alloy was affected by heat treatment. The process of electrochemical corrosion occurs in both ZA27 alloys through the area of r/phase. According to the results of immersion test and electrochemical measurements, the corrosion rate of the thixoformed ZA27 alloy is at least 50% lower than that of the thixoformed and thermally processed alloy. This indicates the unfavourable influence of applied heat treatment （T4 regime） on the corrosion resistance of the thixoformed ZA27 alloy.

Corrosion properties of plastically deformed AZ80 magnesium alloy

AZ80 magnesium alloys were deformed at 200,250,300,350 and 400℃ with different deformation degree of 50%,75%, 83%,87%and 90%,respectively.The corrosion properties of different deformed AZ80 samples were studied by galvanic test in 3.5%NaCl solution.The results show that plastic deformation could improve the corrosion resistance of AZ80 alloy;and the corrosion rate of AZ80 deformed at 250℃ with the deformation degree of 83%was the lowest,which was 33%of the as-cast AZ80 alloy.Further studies of the microstructure show that the refined grain size and continuously distribution ofβphase around the grain boundary did have a positive effect on the improvement of corrosion resistance of AZ80 alloys.For AZ80 alloys,the smaller the grain size is,the more homogeneous the structure is,and the better the corrosion resistance is.

Filiform corrosion behaviour on machined AA7150 aluminium alloy

The microstructure and the filiform corrosion behaviour of machined AA7150 aluminium alloy were investigated using scanning and transmission electron microscopies combined with potentiodynamic polarization and filiform corrosion testing,respectively.It is found that the grain refinement,redistribution of alloying elements,and elements segregation at grain boundaries are evident within the near-surface region on the machined AA7150 aluminium alloy.The corrosion susceptibility of machining introduced near-surface deformed layer is significantly improved caused by the modified microstructure associated with severe deformation.Filiform corrosion resistance on the machined surface is obviously decreased,due to the surface roughness associated with machining tracks and the presence of the electrochemically more active near-surface deformed layer introduced by machining.

Processing and characterization of AZ91 magnesium alloys via a novel severe plastic deformation method:Hydrostatic cyclic extrusion compression(HCEC)

Capability of a novel severe plastic deformation(SPD)method of hydrostatic cyclic extrusion compression(HCEC)for processing of hcp metallic rods with high length to diameter ratios was investigated.The process was conducted in two consecutive cycles on the AZ91 magnesium alloy,and microstructural evolution,mechanical properties and corrosion behavior were investigated.The results showed that the HCEC process was successively capable of producing ultrafine-grained long magnesium rods.Its ability in improving strength and ductility simultaneously was also shown.The ultimate tensile strength and elongation to failure of the sample after the second cycle of the process were improved to be 2.46 and 3.8 times those of the as-cast specimen,respectively.Distribution of the microhardness after the second cycle was uniform and its average value was increased by 116%.The potentials derived from the polarization curves were high and the currents were much low for the processed samples.Also,the diameter of the capacitive arcs derived from the Nyquist curves was large in the HCEC processed samples.The finite element analysis indicated the independency of HCEC load from the length in comparison to the conventional CEC.HCEC is a unique SPD method,which can produce long ultrafine-grained rods with a combination of superior mechanical and corrosion properties.

Evaluation of pitting corrosion of thixoformed A356 alloy using a simulation model

Pitting behavior of thixoformed A356 alloy, with different reheating temperatures, was evaluated. Linear sweep voltammetric tests were used to study the pitting behavior of thixoformed, rheocast and gravity-cast A356 alloy in a 3.5% NaCl solution. A simulation method was also used in order to identify local galvanic corrosion current density between local galvanic couples. The results obtained show that the resistance to pitting corrosion of the thixoformed samples formed at 600 ℃ is higher than that of the samples formed at 610 ℃ as well as rheocast and gravity-cast samples. These results could be explained by morphological aspects of silicon phase as well as the area effect as related to galvanic corrosion between silicon particles and eutectic aluminum phase.

Enhancing mechanical properties and corrosion performance of AA6063 aluminum alloys through constrained groove pressing technique

The use of a constrained groove pressing(CGP) method to plastically deform AA6063 aluminum alloy led to the improved surface properties. It was found that hardness magnitude is dramatically improved and its uniformity is considerably decreased after the first pass, while subsequent passes result in better hardness behavior for the processed material. Also, the elongated grains formed in the first pass of the CGP are gradually converted to the equiaxed counterparts by adding pass numbers. Eventually, higher corrosion resistance of the sample by imposing the CGP process is related to the quick formation of passivation film and the change in the morphology of the second phase and precipitates which hinder their electrochemical reactions and decrease the potential localized attack sites.

Corrosion behavior of hypereutectic Al-23%Si alloy (AC9A) processed by severe plastic deformation

Ultrafine-grained(UFG) hypereutectic Al-23%Si (mass fraction) alloy was achieved through equal-channel angular pressing(EACP) procedure. And the electrochemical properties after various ECAP passes were investigated in neutral NaCl solution. Potentiostatic polarization curves show that the corrosion potential of the ECAPed sample after 4 passes decreases markedly, while the corrosion current density reaches 1.37 times that of the as-cast alloy. However, the φcorr and Jcorr values after 16 passes are improved and approach those of the as-cast alloy. Immersion tests also show that the mass-loss ratio of ECAPed alloy decreases with increasing the pressing pass, which is lowered to 28.7% with the increase of pass number from 4 to 16. Pitting susceptibility of the ECAPed alloy after initial 4 passes is boosted, due to the presence of biggish voids resulted from the breakage of brittle large primary silicon crystals during ECAP. Increasing ECAP pass makes the voids evanesce and results in the homogeneous ultrafine-grained structure, contributing to a higher pitting resistance. These results indicate that enough ECAP passes are beneficial to increasing corrosion resistance of the hypereutectic Al-23%Si alloy.

Effect of rainfall on a colluvial landslide in a debris flow valley

A colluvial landslide in a debris flow valley is a typical phenomena and is easily influenced by rainfall. The direct destructiveness of this kind of landslide is small, however, if failure occurs the resulting blocking of the channel may lead to a series of magnified secondary hazards. For this reason it is important to investigate the potential response of this type of landslide to rainfall. In the present paper, the Goulingping landslide, one of the colluvial landslides in the Goulingping valley in the middle of the Bailong River catchment in Gansu Province, China, was chosen for the study. Electrical Resistivity Tomography(ERT), Terrestrial Laser Scanning(TLS), together with traditional monitoring methods, were used to monitor changes in water content and the deformation of the landslide caused by rainfall. ERT was used to detect changes in soil water content induced by rainfall. The most significant findings were as follows:(1) the water content in the centralupper part(0~41 m) of the landslide was greaterthan in the central-front part(41~84 m) and(2) there was a relatively high resistivity zone at depth within the sliding zone. The deformation characteristics at the surface of the landslide were monitored by TLS and the results revealed that rainstorms caused three types of deformation and failure:(1) gully erosion at the slope surface;(2) shallow sliding failure;(3) and slope foot erosion. Subsequent monitoring of continuous changes in pore-water pressure, soil pressure and displacement(using traditional methods) indicated that long duration light rainfall(average 2.22 mm/d) caused the entire landslide to enter a state of creeping deformation at the beginning of the rainy season. Shear-induced dilation occurred for the fast sliding(30.09 mm/d) during the critical failure sub-phase(EF). Pore-water pressure in the sliding zone was affected by rainfall. In addition, the sliding L1 parts of the landslide exerted a discontinuous pressure on the L2 part. Through the monitoring and analysis, we conclude that this kind of landslide may have large deformation at the beginning and the late of the rainy season.

Non-spherical abrasives with ordered mesoporous structures for chemical mechanical polishing

The chemical mechanical polishing(CMP)technology has been widely used for surface modification of critical materials and components with high quality and efficiency.In a typical CMP process,the mechanical properties of abrasives play a vital role in obtaining the ultra-precision and damage-free surface of wafers for improvement of their performances.In this work,a series of fine structured rod-shaped silica(RmSiO2)-based abrasives with controllable sizes and diverse ordered mesoporous structures were synthesized via a soft template approach,and successfully applied in the sustainable polishing slurry for improving the surface quality of cadmium zinc telluride(CZT)wafers.Compared with commercial silica gel,solid and mesoporous silica spheres,the RmSiO2 abrasives present superior elastic deformation capacity and surface precision machinability on account of their mesoporous structures and rod shapes.Especially,ultra-precision surface roughness and relatively effective material removal speed were achieved by the CMP process using the RmSiO2 abrasives with a length/diameter(L/d)ratio of 1.In addition,a potential CMP mechanism of the developed polishing slurry to CZT wafer was elucidated by analyzing X-ray photoelectron spectra and other characterizations.The proposed interfacial chemical and mechanical effects will provide a new strategy for improving abrasives’machinability and precision manufacture of hard-to-machine materials.