The short-term influence of dung deposition and the further redistribution of dung by dung beetles were studied under a resting place of the red howler monkey （Alouatta seniculus） living in tropical ralnforests of S...The short-term influence of dung deposition and the further redistribution of dung by dung beetles were studied under a resting place of the red howler monkey （Alouatta seniculus） living in tropical ralnforests of South America. Monkey dung was experimentally clumped on the field in a place used by troops of howler monkeys for resting in the Nouragues Reserve Station, French Guiana. Dung-treated plots were sampled serially over three weeks and compared with controls located in their immediate vicinity. The composition of the soil matrix （top 10 cm） was studied in successive microlayers using an optical method. Under the influence of dung beetle activity, the topsoil became more homogeneous by losing its litter, its content in earthworm faeces increased in the course of time, and surface mineral deposits were penetrated by roots. The results were interpreted in the light of present knowledge on the effects of soil animal activity on plant growth and survival of seedlings.展开更多
To study how wastewater(WW) and different organic sources(humic substances or vermicompost) affected soil chemical and biochemical fertility and agronomic productivity in field-grown melon, an experiment arranged in a...To study how wastewater(WW) and different organic sources(humic substances or vermicompost) affected soil chemical and biochemical fertility and agronomic productivity in field-grown melon, an experiment arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted with the following treatments: three different mixtures of irrigation water(100% WW, 50% WW with 50% groundwater, and 100% groundwater) and, for each WW treatment, four different organic fertilization treatments of control without organic matter application(CK), vermicompost used as surface mulch(SM), vermicompost incorporated into the soil(VC),and humic substances extracted by vermicompost(HS). Chemical and biochemical results indicated an improvement in soil fertility,suggested by the increase in soil organic carbon and nutrient(nitrate and macro- and microelements) contents and in soil microbial activities(hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes), in particular in the VC treatments. In addition, even soil potential metabolism was stimulated by WW combined with organic treatments, as highlighted by the increase in the metabolic(dehydrogenase activity/watersoluble carbon) and nitrification indices(NO-3and NH+4). Melon productivity confirmed these results, with the highest yield and melon quality in the VC treatments irrigated with 100% WW. In conclusion, the combined use of WW and organic amendment,recovering both mineral and organic nutrients from these kinds of recycled materials, was effective in the improvement of soil quality and crop productivity.展开更多
文摘The short-term influence of dung deposition and the further redistribution of dung by dung beetles were studied under a resting place of the red howler monkey （Alouatta seniculus） living in tropical ralnforests of South America. Monkey dung was experimentally clumped on the field in a place used by troops of howler monkeys for resting in the Nouragues Reserve Station, French Guiana. Dung-treated plots were sampled serially over three weeks and compared with controls located in their immediate vicinity. The composition of the soil matrix （top 10 cm） was studied in successive microlayers using an optical method. Under the influence of dung beetle activity, the topsoil became more homogeneous by losing its litter, its content in earthworm faeces increased in the course of time, and surface mineral deposits were penetrated by roots. The results were interpreted in the light of present knowledge on the effects of soil animal activity on plant growth and survival of seedlings.
基金Supported by the Azienda Agricola"Amerini Giampiero"and"Campeggio Orizzonte",Livorno,Italy
文摘To study how wastewater(WW) and different organic sources(humic substances or vermicompost) affected soil chemical and biochemical fertility and agronomic productivity in field-grown melon, an experiment arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted with the following treatments: three different mixtures of irrigation water(100% WW, 50% WW with 50% groundwater, and 100% groundwater) and, for each WW treatment, four different organic fertilization treatments of control without organic matter application(CK), vermicompost used as surface mulch(SM), vermicompost incorporated into the soil(VC),and humic substances extracted by vermicompost(HS). Chemical and biochemical results indicated an improvement in soil fertility,suggested by the increase in soil organic carbon and nutrient(nitrate and macro- and microelements) contents and in soil microbial activities(hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes), in particular in the VC treatments. In addition, even soil potential metabolism was stimulated by WW combined with organic treatments, as highlighted by the increase in the metabolic(dehydrogenase activity/watersoluble carbon) and nitrification indices(NO-3and NH+4). Melon productivity confirmed these results, with the highest yield and melon quality in the VC treatments irrigated with 100% WW. In conclusion, the combined use of WW and organic amendment,recovering both mineral and organic nutrients from these kinds of recycled materials, was effective in the improvement of soil quality and crop productivity.
