蚯蚓在医药保健方面的综合利用研究

对中药蚯蚓进行现代生物技术处理,可同时得到四个有药用价值的组分,大分子组分具有一定的抗癌作用;中等分子组分具有溶性活性;小分子组分富含氨基酸及多种矿质元素和微量元素;另外还可得到一个可治疗烧、烫伤的组分.对其主要组分进行了基础生化特性及药用价值研究.这四个组分均可进一步开发为药品或保健品.蚯蚓进行综合利用,能科学、合理和有效地利用生物资源,充分发挥其各组分的药用价值.

美国免耕土壤引入蚯蚓对水分渗透率的影响

土壤的渗透率与蚯蚓的存在有直接关系 ,美国学者G .L .Willoughby在美国印第安纳州免耕土壤上进行了引入蚯蚓对改善土壤渗透率的量化研究。研究结果表明 :在 6个小区中以 2 0条 m2 蚯蚓数量引入 ,在漫灌与喷灌措施下 ,5 5min及 90min内渗透率无显著性差异 ,在喷灌方式下 ,最终渗透率差异显著 ;在漫灌方式下 ,最终渗透率无显著性提高。因试验时间系列仅有 2a,虽在相对短期内 ,试验结果在统计上无差异 ,但水分保持曲线却表明 :因蚯蚓的存在 。

蚯蚓提取物的物理性状和化学成分的检测

作者进行本实验的目的是检测蚯蚓提取物的化学成分，为分离其有效组分提供依据．蚯蚓提取物是按该室方法从蚯蚓体内提取的混合物．化学成分分析选用分光光度仪、紫外分光光度仪、氨基酸分析仪和原子吸收光谱仪等．实验结果表明每百克提取物中各化学成分的含量（ｇ）：多肽蛋白质类物质为４０．４８０，核黄素为０．０１２，维生素Ｃ为０．０２１，ＤＮＡ为０．０９４，ＲＮＡ为０．８２０，总还原糖为１４．２８０，并有１７种氨基酸和１１种无机元素．

蚯蚓集约化养殖高产技术——五组五步纯壮优化繁殖法

湖北省当阳市实用技术研究所经数年的专题全方位多因素组合试验,成功地完成了“五组五步纯壮优化高产蚯蚓技术”。该技术以垃圾、菌基废料为营养基料,可使每立方米小池每日获取1—2公斤、月产35公斤以上的北星二号商品蚓;

蚯蚓溶纤素实验研究(摘要)

因血栓形成引起的心脑血管病和外周血管病是严重危害人类生命的常见病。因此,溶栓治疗是重要的医学课题。已有的溶纤剂如尿激酶、链激酶以及国外新近用基因工程方法生产的r—TPA(组织型纤维蛋白溶酶原激活剂)等在实际应用中各有弊端。

蚯蚓纤溶酶的分离及其生物学特性

经过分离纯化，从人工养殖的赤子爱胜蚓中提取出两种既有纤维蛋白溶酶原激活因子活性又能直接溶解纤维蛋白的组分。ＰＡＧＥ检测各为一条区带，证明已达电泳纯。对这两组分的生物学性质进行了研究，包括分子量、酶活力，Ｎ－末端氨基酸残基，氨基酸组成，温度的稳定性及对苯甲酸精氨酸乙酯（ＢＡＥＥ）的酶促反应动力学特性。还分析了其中一个组分（ＢⅡ）从Ｎ末端开始的 ２５个氨基酸残基序列。

地龙提取液的活血化瘀作用

为研究地龙的活血化瘀作用及其机制,本实验应用地龙组织提取液给家兔静脉注射,测定其血浆纤维蛋白原含量及优球蛋白溶解时间的变化,结果均明显减少(P<0.01)。将该提取液进一步萃取,制备含多种纤溶酶的酶液,给家兔静脉注射,测定其血液流变学多项指标变化。结果表明血小板聚集百分率、全血及血浆粘度、红细胞刚性指数均显著降低(P<0.01)。说明地龙酶提取液通过促纤溶、抑制血小板聚集、增强红细胞膜稳定性等机制,起到良好的活血化瘀作用。

Study on the Acute Toxicity of Rare Earth Yttrium to Earthworms under the Stress of Leaching Agent Ammonium Sulfate

This study aimed to investigate the toxicity of rare earth ion yttrium under the stress of leaching agent ammonium sulfate （NH4）2SO4. [Method] By using earthworms as indicator organisms of environmental pol ution, acute toxic ef-fects of rare earth yttrium on earthworms under the stress of ammonium sulfate were investigated with filter paper contact method. [Result] Under single stress of rare earth yttrium, the semi-lethal concentration after 48 and 24 h was LC50=213.41 mg/L and LC50=322.63 mg/L, respectively. ② Under single stress of ammonium sul-fate, the semi-lethal concentration after 48 h and 24 h was LC50=13.89 g/L and LC50=15.05 g/L, respectively. ③ In combined treatment of low concentration （10 g/L） of ammonium sulfate and different doses of rare earth yttrium, the semi-lethal con-centration after 48 and 24 h was LC50=198.65 g/L and LC50=399.85 g/L, respective-ly; in combined treatment of middle concentration （14 g/L） of ammonium sulfate and different doses of rare earth yttrium, the semi-lethal concentration after 48 and 24 h was LC50=167.3 mg/L and LC50=256.73 mg/L, respectively; in combined treatment of high concentration （20 g/L） of ammonium sulfate and different doses of rare earth yttrium, the semi-lethal concentration after 48 h and 24 h was LC50=31.03 mg/L and LC50=127.65 mg/L, respectively. [Conclusion] Low concentration of ammonium sulfate could reduce the toxicity of rare earth yttrium to earthworms and produce certain antagonism against rare earth yttrium; middle concentration ammonium sulfate in-creased the toxicity of rare earth yttrium to earthworms and produced relatively sig-nificant synergistic effects; high concentration ammonium sulfate significantly in-creased the toxicity of rare earth yttrium to earthworms. Compared with ammonium sulfate, dead earthworms exposed to rare earth yttrium were more easily fractured, and living earthworms showed insensitive response to acupuncture.

Effects of Vermicompost on Agronomic Characters and Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

The effects of vermicompost on the agronomic characters and yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were investigated. The results showed that, the field growth periods of various treatments were 117-118 d, 1-2 days longer than that of the CK. The numbers of effective leaves of the treatments applied with vermicompost were 0.1-0.3 leaf more than the CK. The highest yield and the highest proportion of high-grade tobacco occurred in treatment 3 as 2 095.5 kg/m^2 and 49%, respectively, which were higher than those in the CK by 6.58 kg and 5.3%. In conclusion, the treatment with the application of vermicompost at 7 500-10 500 kg/hm^2 was the best.

Response of SOD Activity of Earthworm to Soil Plumbum Pollution

The response of the superoxide dismutase （SOD） activities of earthworm （Eisenia fetida） to soil plumbum （Pb） pol ution was studied in the artificial soil test. The results indicated that the SOD activity in earthworm exposed to low-concentra-tion Pb declined on the 5th day of acute toxicity test, while that exposed to high-concentration Pb increased by different extents. On the 15th day, the SOD activity increased slightly along with soil Pb concentration increasing.

加强和完善群众文化建设努力构建新型和谐社会

当前，随着形势的发展，人们的思维空前活跃，文化生活也越来越丰富，因而越来越认识到文化在其生活中的意义。基层文化工作中只有不断推进群众文化创新，以创新为动力，不断提升群众文化工作的整体质量，才能适应构建和谐社会和全面建设小康社会的新形势和新要求。

试论民用建筑电气施工安装和质量问题

结合具体I:程实例,介绍了民用建筑电气安装丰要组成部分,从电器低压、配电、室内布线、电气照明等方面论述了安装过程中应注意的问题,以保证民用电气的安全使用。

Transformation of Carbon and Nitrogen by Earthworms in the Decomposition Processes of Broad-leaved Litters

Earthworms are the important constituents in the decayed food web and the main ecological conditioners in the process of decomposition and nutrient mineralization. The transformation of organic carbon (C) and total nitrogen (N) in the broad-leaved litters ingested by earthworms was researched by means of a laboratory experiment. Experimental samples were collected from broad-leaved Korea Pine mixed forest in Liangshui National Natural Reserve (47°10′50″N, 128°53′20″E) in the northeastern Xiao Hinggan Mountains of Northeast China. The contents of organic C and total N in earthworms, leaf litters and earthworm faeces were analyzed. Results show that the organic C content was in the fol- lowing order: leaf litters>faeces>earthworms, while total N content was contrary to that of the organic C. The organic C contents in the different leaf litters were in the following order: Tilia amurensis>Betula costata>Acer mono, whereas the total N contents in the different leaf litters were: Betula costata>Tilia amurensis>Acer mono. The contents of organic C and total N in the faeces from the different leaf litters were almost consistent with the contents of the leaf litters. After the leaf litters were ingested by earthworms, the organic C, which was transformed to increase earthworms' weights, ac- counted for 3.90%-13.31% of the total ingestion by earthworms, while that in the earthworm faeces accounted for 6.14%-13.70%. The transformed organic C through the other metabolism (e.g., respiration) of earthworms accounted for 75.04%-89.92%. The ingested organic C by earthworms was mostly used for metabolic activities. The N ingested by earthworms was less than organic C. It is estimated that 37.08% of total N was transformed to increase the earthworm's weight, 19.97% into earthworm faeces and 47.86% for the consumption of the earthworm's activities. The earthworms not only increased the content of organic C and total N in the soil, but also decreased the values of C/N in the soil and leaf litters. Earthworms play a major role in the leaf litters' decomposition and transformation.

Hypothetical mode of action of earthworm extract with hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties

The hepatoprotective potential of earthworm extract (EE) (Lampito mauritii, Kinberg) was evaluated against paracetamol-induced liver injury in Wistar albino rat, in comparison with silymarin, the standard hepatoprotective drug. We observed a reduction in liver antioxidants, such as glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) and in serum total protein, and an increase in serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum aspertate aminotranferase (AST), serum alanine aminotranferase (ALT), bilirubin and liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) due to liver injury in the paracetamol-administered rats (2 g/kg). On the contrary, increased activities of liver GSH, SOD, GPx, CAT and serum total protein level, and decrease in the contents of serum ALP, AST, ALT, bilirubin and liver TBARS were observed in rats administered with different doses of EE (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg), which are similar to the activities of hepato-protective drug silymarin (150 mg/kg). The mode of action of EE as evidenced by the above parameters may suggest that EE, on the one hand, prevents the formation of the reactive oxygen groups, or scavenges these groups, thereby preventing the damage on the hepatic cells, and, on the other hand, modulates the genes responsible for synthesis of antioxidant enzymes such as GPx, CAT and SOD in liver tissue and decreases the serum enzymatic activities such as ALP, AST and ALT.

Organic Matter Decomposition in Red Soil as Affected by Earthworms

The earthworms Pheretima carnosaf Drawida gisti and Eisenia foetida were studied to compare theircontributions to the decomposition of various organic materials surface-applied on red soil in a 165-daygreenhouse experiment. The native species Pheretima caruosa and Drawida gisti were equally effective inaccelerating the decomposition of maize residue, according to fresh body weight, while commercial speciesEisenia foetida had no significant influence on dry mass loss of maize residue. Liming with CaCO3 or CaOshowed little effect on maize residue breakdown involved by Pheretima carnosal but it inhibited this processinvolved by Drawida gisti. The capability of Pheretima carnosa to the decomposition of five kinds of organicmaterials was thoroughly examined. The dry mass losses in worm treatments were in the order of soybeanresidue > maize residue > pig manure > semi-decayed maize > ryegrass. However, the relative contributionsof the earthworm to dry mass loss were in the order of pig manure (89.8%) > semi-decayed maize residue(49.1%) > maize residue (29.4%) > soybean residue (20.9%) > ryegrass residue (16.5%). Pheretima carnosaconsumed 20~120 mg dry weight of organic material per gram fresh weight of biomass per day.

Response Relationship between the Cadmium Pollution and the Cellulase in Activity Change of Earthworm in Soils

The research explored response of cellulase in Eisenia fetida in soils with Cd at different concentrations, as per artificial soil test. The results indicated that as Cd concentration increased, the activity of cellulase was decreasing in a short peri- od, which suggested that cellulase activity was inhibited to certain extent. As Cd concentration and the treatment period grew, the activities increased in varying de- grees. With Cd at a high concentrate, Cd had a kind of induction effects on cellu- lase activity in earthworms.

Effects of Vermicompost Leach Liquor on Yield and Quality of Wheat

Medium gluten wheat cultivar Yangmai 21 was sprayed with vermicompost leach liquor after blooming stage to investigate the effects of verrnicompost leach liquor on grain number, yield and quality of wheat. According to the results, vermi- compost leach liquor reduced average grain number by 2.1%, significantly increased 1 000-grain weight by 15.2%, enhanced grain weight and grain yield by 6.4% and 4.3%, improved grain starch content, protein content and wet gluten content by 1.5%, 1.4% and 2.3%, respectively, and declined moisture content by 12.3%. Apply- ing vermicompost leach liquor after blooming stage is an effective method to im- prove varietal characteristics, grain weight, yield and quality of wheat.