白蛇合剂离子导入联合半导体激光治疗急性期带状疱疹神经痛的临床研究

目的:探讨白蛇合剂离子导入联合半导体激光照射治疗急性期带状疱疹神经痛的临床疗效。方法:将135例急性期带状疱疹神经痛患者随机分为西药组、激光组和联合组各45例,西药组给予口服加巴喷丁胶囊,激光组给予半导体激光照射疼痛部位,联合组在激光组治疗基础上给予白蛇合剂循发病部位所属经络离子导入。比较3组患者的VAS评分、白介素1β(IL-1β)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)水平、患者疼痛减轻程度和疼痛停止时间、带状疱疹后遗神经痛发生率及不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗1、2、3周后,联合组患者VAS评分、IL-1β和TFN-α水平低于西药组和激光组(P<0.05);联合组患者的疼痛停止时间早于西药组和激光组(P<0.05);联合组后遗神经痛发生率低于西药组和激光组(P<0.05);联合组和激光组无不良反应情况,肝、肾功能均正常;西药组发生嗜睡4例,轻度头晕1例,未发生周围性水肿,肝、肾功能均正常。结论:白蛇合剂离子导入联合半导体激光治疗急性期带状疱疹神经痛能快速、有效减轻疼痛症状,缩短疼痛时间,降低带状疱疹后遗神经痛的发生率。

蛇与神

在我国古代的神话传说中,蛇拥有不可轻视的地位。盘古、伏羲、女娲、共工、地皇等神灵都是龙首蛇身、人面蛇身或人首蛇身。为什么我们的祖先在众多的动物中,唯独推崇蛇,并用龙蛇合一、人蛇合一的手法,创造了这些开天地、造人类的众神泥?对于这一奇特的文化现象,确实值得认真地思考与分析。我认为,我们的祖先之所以如此崇敬蛇,首先是源于对蛇的习性的认识和推断。“深山大泽,实有龙蛇”。“……有灵山,有赤蛇在木上,名曰蠕蛇,木食。”“蛇在山涧水中,以尾钩岸上人牛食之。”“禹凿龙门,至一空穴,……有黑蛇长十丈,……。”“山多大蛇,名曰髯蛇,长十丈,圈七八尺,常在树上伺鹿兽。”“有黑蛇,青首,食象。”凡此种种连篇累牍的记载,无不反映古人对蛇的心态。

Influence of serpentine channel pouring process parameters on semi-solid A356 aluminum alloy slurry

Semi-solid A356 aluminum alloy slurry was prepared by using serpentine channel pouring process, and the influences of the channel diameters and pouring temperatures on the semi-solid A356 aluminum alloy slurry were investigated. The experimental results show that when the channel diameter is 20 and 25 mm, respectively, and the pouring temperature is 640-680 ℃, the average diameter of primary α（Al） grains in the prepared A356 aluminum alloy slurry is 50-75 and 55-78 μm, respectively, and the average shape factor of primary α（Al） grains is 0.89-0.76 and 0.86-0.72, respectively. With the decline in the pouring temperature, the microstructure of semi-solid A356 aluminum alloy slurry is more desirable and a serpentine channel with smaller diameter is also advantageous to the microstructure imProvement. During the preparation of semi-solid A356 aluminum alloy slurry, a large number of nuclei can be produced by the chilling effect of the serpentine channel, and owing to the combined effect of the chilled nuclei separation and melt self-stirring, primary α（Al） nuclei can be multiplied and spheroidized finally.

Mechanical properties and microstructures of Al alloy tensile samples produced by serpentine channel pouring rheo-diecasting process

An innovative one-step semi-solid processing technique of A356 Al alloy,the serpentine channel pouring rheo-diecasting process （SCRC）,was explored.The mechanical properties and microstructures of the tensile samples made by the SCRC technique were tested in the as-cast and T6 heat treatment conditions.The experimental results show that the as-cast ultimate tensile strength can reach about 250MPa and the elongation is 8.6%？13.2%.The ultimate tensile strength can increase approximately 30% higher than that of the as-cast one but there is some slight sacrifice of the plasticity after T6 heat treatment.Under these experimental conditions,the semi-solid A356 Al alloy slurry with primary α1（Al） grains,which have the shape factor of 0.78？0.89 and the grain diameter of 35？45μm,can be prepared by the serpentine channel pouring process.The primary α2（Al） grains are very fine during the secondary solidification stage.Compared with the conventional HPDC process,the SCRC process can improve the microstructures and mechanical properties of the tensile test samples.The advantages of the SCRC process include easily incorporating with an existing HPDC machine,cancelling the preservation and transportation process of the semi-solid alloy slurry,and a higher cost performance.

Effects of rolling parameters of snake hot rolling on strain distribution of aluminum alloy 7075

The realization way of snake rolling was introduced. Flow velocity, strain and stress distribution of 7075 aluminum alloy plate during snake rolling and symmetrical rolling were analyzed in Deform 3D. Effects of velocity ratio, offset distance between two rolls and pass reduction on the distribution of equivalent strain and shear strain were analyzed. The results show that flow velocity and equivalent strain on the lower layer of the plate are larger than those of the upper layer because of the larger velocity of the lower roll and the gap is increased with the increase of velocity ratio and pass reduction. The shear strain of roiling direction in the center point is almost zero during symmetrical rolling, while it is much larger during snake rolling because of the existence of rub zone. The shear strain is increased with the increase of velocity ratio, offset distance and pass reduction. This additional shear strain is beneficial to improve the in_homogeneous strain distribution.

Preparation of semisolid A356 alloy slurry with larger capacity cast by serpentine channel

The integral microstructure of semisolid A356 alloy slurry with larger capacity cast by serpentine channel was studied and the influence of cooling ability of serpentine channel on the microstructure was investigated. The results indicate that ideal slurry with larger capacity can be prepared through serpentine channel with good cooling ability. When the serpentine channel was continuously cooled, both the longitudinal and the radial microstructure of the slurry was composed of granular primary phase and the integral microstructure uniformity of the slurry was good. However, uncooled serpentine channel can only produce larger slurry with fine grains in positions adjacent to its centre and with a large number of dendrites in positions close to its edge, thus, the radial microstructure of larger slurry is nonuniform. The pouring temperature is set up to 680 °C and the solid shell inside the channel can be avoided at this pouring temperature.

MOLECULAR CLONING AND FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION OF α-BUNGAROTOXIN (V31) FROM CHINESE CONTINENTAL BANDED KRAIT

The cDNA encoding a variant of α bungarotoxin was cloned from the venom glands of Bungarus multicinctus by RT PCR.The deduced protein precursor contained a 21 amino acid signal peptide and a following 74 amino acid mature protein.The signal peptide is very similar to those of short chain neurotoxins,κ neurotoxins and cardiotoxins.The amino acid sequence of the mature protein is identical to α bungarotoxin (V31),a minor variant of α bungarotoxin identified by protein sequencing technique.Furthermore,the cDNA encoding the deletion precursor of α bungarotoxin was also cloned.By use of pMAL p2,the variant was overexpressed in E coli as a soluble fusion protein and purified by sepharose 6B amylose affinity chromatography,which was confirmed by western blotting with the antisera agai nst α bungarotoxin.The recombinant variant was achieved after digestion by factor X a.It displayed about 1/6 in vivo toxicity of natural α bungarotoxin.The successful cloning and functional expression of α bungarotoxin provided a basis for the future study of structure function of long neurotoxins.

Preparation of semi-solid A380 aluminum alloy slurry by serpentine channel

The semi-solid slurry of A380 aluminum alloy was prepared by the serpentine channel. The effects of pouring temperature, curve number and curve diameter of the serpentine channel on the microstructure of the semi-solid A380 aluminum alloy slurry were investigated. The results show that the satisfactory semi-solid A380 aluminum alloy slurry could be obtained when the pouring temperature ranged from 630 to 650 °C. Under the same conditions, increasing the curve number or reducing the curve diameter of the serpentine channel would decrease the average diameter and increase the shape factor of the primary α（Al） grains. The ＂self-stirring＂ of the alloy melt in the serpentine channel was beneficial to the ripening of the dendrites and the spheroidizing of the primary α（Al） grains.

Preparation of semi-solid 7075 aluminum alloy slurry by serpentine pouring channel

The semi-solid slurry of 7075 aluminum alloy was prepared by a serpentine pouring channel （SCP）. Influences of pouring temperature and the number of turns on the microstructure of semi-solid 7075 alloy slurry were investigated. The results demonstrated that the semi-solid 7075 aluminum alloy slurry with satisfied quality could be generated by a serpentine pouring channel when the pouring temperature was in the range of 680-700 ℃. At a given pouring temperature, the equivalent size of the primaryα（Al） grains decreased and the shape factor increased with the increase of the number of turns. During the slurry preparation of semi-solid 7075 aluminum alloy, the flow direction of alloy melt changed many times when it flowed in a curved and closed serpentine channel. With the effect of“stirring”in it , the primary nuclei gradually evolved into spherical and near-spherical grains.

Induced Expression and Optimal Expression Conditions of Recombinant Alpha-bungarotoxin Gene Fusion Protein

[Objective] This study aimed to obtain recombinant alpha-bungarotoxin （a-BG-0 gene fusion protein with biological activity and investiagte its fusion expression. [Method] The plasmid pGEX-a-BGT was transformed into E coil BL21 （DE3） and BL21 （DE3） plysS host bacteria to identify the optimal engineering strain. Fusion expression of the optimal engineering strain was induced, in order to optimize the induced expression conditions of the soluble fusion protein. [Result] JP-a-BGT was identified as the optimal engineering strain, which could express fusion protein after induced by IPTG. The optimal induced expression conditions of the soluble fusion protein were investigatect JP-a-BGT was incubated at 37 ℃ for 2.5 h and induced with 0.50 mmol4. IPTG for 4 h at 22 ℃, and the expression level of the soluble fusion protein reached 18.42%. [Conclusion] This study laid a solid foundation for the subsequent purification of fusion proteins and the separation and purification of a-BGT.

白族龙文化古今观

白族对龙的图腾崇拜,由来已久,源远流长。早在秦汉以前,散居于以洱海为中心的滇西高原湖泊群周围的白族先民,就开始对龙产生了崇拜。那时,他们依山傍水而居,常遇暴雨山洪袭击,水涝灾害频繁,可对这种自然现象却不能理解,于是便凭借想象,以为世间有某种神物,掌管着雨水,能行善,也能作恶,主宰着人的命运,因而既爱它又恨它,既赞颂它又诅咒它。这种神物究竟叫什么?是什么样子?可又谁也没见过,谁也说不清。后来,有人想象它是鱼变的,蛇变的,鱼蛇合变的;又有人想象它的样子似黄鳝,似蜥蝎,似大雕,它能飞天,能潜水,能呼风,能唤雨,千变万化,作威作福。从此,人们就把这种神物叫做“怒”(白语,即龙)。

汉四神纹瓦当

为了纪念丝绸之路二千一百年,陕西省博物馆等九个单位(西北五省区)联合举办了汉唐丝绸之路文物展。在展出的瓦当中,汉四神纹瓦当特别引人注目。这组瓦当是由陕西省博物馆提供的,虽然它们的出土地点有所不同。

Preparation of semi-solid ZL101 aluminum alloy slurry by serpentine channel

Semi-solid slurry of ZL101 aluminum alloy was prepared using serpentine channel. The influences of the pouring temperature, the number of curves and the serpentine channel temperature on the microstructure of semi-solid ZL101 aluminum alloy were investigated. The results show that, satisfied semi-solid slurry of ZL101 aluminum alloy was prepared with pouring at 630-680℃. The morphology of primaryα（Al） grains transforms from rosette to spheroid with the decrease of pouring temperature. At the same pouring temperature, increasing the number of curves can improve the morphology of primaryα（Al） grains and decrease the grain size. Qualified slurry can be attained with lowering the pouring temperature when the serpentine channel temperature is higher. The alloy melt has the effect of“self-stirring”in the serpentine channel, which can make the primary nuclei gradually evolve into spherical and near-spherical grains.

rAdinbitor, a novel disintegrin from Agkistrodon halys brevicaudus stejneger inhibits adhesion and proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells

Objective： To investigate the effects of rAdinbitor on the adhesion and proliferation of human hepatoma cell strain 8MMC-7721. Methods： Cell adhesion assay was used to observe the effect of rAdinbitor on the adhesion of 8MMC-7721 cells to fibronectin （FN）. Crystal violet staining was performed to detect the influence of rAdinbitor on the adhesion of 8MMC- 7721 cells. MTT assay was employed to detect the inhibitory effects of different concentration of rAdinbitor on the proliferation of 8MMC-7721 cells. The morphologic changes of the control 8MMC-7721 cells and the apoptotic cells induced by 200μg/mL rAdinbitor for 36 h were observed under light microscope after HE staining. Flow cytometry analysis was applied to determine the apoptosis rate of 8MMC-7721 cells. Results： （1） FN promoted the adhesion of human hepatoma cell strain 8MMC-7721 in a dose-dependent manner. （2） rAdinbitor could dose-dependently inhibit the adhesion of SMMC-7721 cells to FN. The higher the concentration was, the stronger the inhibition was. There was significant difference among the groups （P 〈 0.05）. （3） rAdinbitor had a strong inhibition on the proliferation of 8MMC-7721 cells and showed a dose-dependent manner （P 〈 0.05）. After a 48 h exposure, the IC50 value of rAdinbitor was 177.83 μg/mL. （4） After exposure of 8MMC-7721 cells to 200μg/mL rAdinbitor for 36 h, the early morphologic changes appeared and the apoptosis rate was 20.68%, significantly higher than that of the control group （2.38%, P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： rAdinbitor can dose-dependently inhibit the 8MMC-7721 cells adhesion to FN, and can inhibit the proliferation in dose-dependent manner and promote their apoptosis.

Clinical Observation in 86 Cases of Acne Vulgaris Treated with Compound Oldenlandis Mixture

86 cases of acne vulgaris were treated with Fu Fang She She Cao He Ji (复方蛇舌草合剂Compound Oldenlandis Mixture), with the other 34 cases treated with Dang Gui Ku Shen Wan (当归苦参丸Pills Prepared from Chinese Angelica and Flavescent Sophora Root) as the controls, to observe the therapeutic effect of the former. The results showed that the cure plus markedly effective rate was 73.26% in the treatment group, and 47.06% in the control group, with a significant difference in the cure plus markedly effective rate between the two groups (P<0.01), and also in the total effective rate between the two groups significant (P<0.05). It may be concluded that the Compound Oldenlandis Mixture is a better agent for the illness.

Preparation of semi-solid 6061 aluminum alloy slurry by serpentine channel pouring

The semi-solid 6061 aluminum alloy slurry was prepared by a serpentine channel pouring process. The effects of pouring temperature, bend number and bend diameter on the microstructures were investigated. Microstructural evolution mechanism of the semi-solid slurry during the pouring process was also analyzed. The results show that the grain is refined and the grain roundness is improved by controlling the pouring temperature close to the liquidus temperature, and the nucleation rate of primary α(Al) grains is effectively increased via increasing the bend number and decreasing the bend diameter. The primary grains are not only formed directly from the alloy melt via chilling nucleation and heterogeneous nucleation, but also evolved from the fractured dendrite fragments. Meanwhile, the heat exchange between the melt and the serpentine channel is increased by the “self-stirring” effect in the melt, which also promotes the refinement and spheroidization of primary α(Al) grains.

Influence of rheo-diecasting processing parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of hypereutectic Al-30%Si alloy

The effects of pouring temperature,vibration frequency,and the number of curves in a serpentine channel,on themicrostructure and mechanical properties of Al-30%Si alloy processed by rheo-diecasting(RDC)were investigated.The semisolidAl-30%Si alloy slurry was prepared by vibration serpentine channel pouring(VSCP)process in the RDC process.The results showthat the pouring temperature,the vibration frequency,and the number of the curves strongly affect the microstructure and mechanicalproperties of Al-30%Si alloy.Under experimental conditions of a pouring temperature of850°C,a twelve-curve copper channel anda vibration frequency of80Hz,the primary Si grains are refined into fine compact grains with average grain size of about24.6μm inthe RDC samples assisted with VSCP.Moreover,the ultimate tensile strength(UTS),elongation and hardness of the RDC sample are296MPa,0.87%and HB155,respectively.It is concluded that the VSCP process can effectively refine the primary Si grains.Therefinement of primary Si grains is the major cause for the improvement of the mechanical properties of the RDC sample.

The Therapeutic Effectiveness of Hybrid Renal Replacement (HRRT) in Patients with Severe Snakebite

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effects of hybrid renal replacement therapy (HRRT) in patients with severe snake bite. Methods: 15 patients treated with HRRT from July in 2005 to August in 2009 were involved in the study, all patients were established ascular access by central venous catheter, polysulfone membrane connected absorption hemoperfusion cartridge, the blood flow rate was 200 ml/min, the dialysate flow rate was 300 ml/min, heparin or low molecular heparin was used as anticoagulant, treatment time was 6 to 12 hours. Observe the biochemical indicators and APACHE II score before and after HRRT and clinical outcomes of the patients. Results: The level of serum creatinine, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminease, glutamic-pyruvic transaminease, creatine kinase isozyme MB, and creatine kinase were significantly lower than the level before HRRT(P<0.05); the level of cholinesterase was significantly higher than the level before HRRT (P<0.01); the APACHE II score before HRRT was 14.1±3.8, but decreased significantly to 7.9±1.4, 6.2±1.1 and 4.2±0.8 at the first, second and seventh day after HRRT, respectively (P<0.01). There are 3 patients died at the first, third, and fourth HRRT, respectively, the rest 12 patients were cured or improved when discharged, the survival rate was 80%, and the mortality was 20%. Conclusion: HRRT may be an effective treatment method for severe snake bite patients, which can reduce the mortality rate and increase the survival rate.

Serpentinization, abiogenic organic compounds, and deep life

The hydrocarbons and other organic compounds generated through abiogenic or inorganic processes are closely related to two science subjects, i.e., energy resources and life＇s origin and evolution. ＂The earth＇s primordial abiogenic hydrocarbon theory＂ and ＂the serpentinization of abiogenic hydrocarbon theory＂ are the two mainstream theories in the field of related studies. Ser- pentinizafion generally occurs in slow expanding mid-ocean ridges and continental ophiolites tectonic environment, etc. The abiogenic hydrocarbons and other organic compounds formed through the serpentinization of ultramafic rocks provide energy and raw materials to support chemosynthetic microbial communities, which probably was the most important hydration reac- tion for the origin and early evolution of life. The superposition of biological and abiological processes creates big challenge to the identification of the abiogenic organic materials in serpentinite-hosted ecosystem. Whether abiotic （inorganic） process can form oil and gas resource is a difficult question that has been explored continuously by scientific community for more than a century but has not yet been solved. However, some important progress has been made. The prospecting practice of abiogenic hydrocarbons in commercial gases from the Songliao Basin, China, provides an important example for exploring abiogenic natural gas resources.

Effect of externally applied Jidesheng anti-venom on skin and soft-tissue necrosis after Chinese cobra bite: a retrospective study

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of Jidesheng anti-venom used externally for skin and soft-tissue necrosis from Chinese cobra bite.METHODS: A retrospective review was performed according to the clinical data recorded from January 2002 to December 2012. A total of 126 patients(116 females and 10 males) with skin and soft-tissue necrosis due to Chinese cobra bite were divided into two groups. The control group was treated externally with 40% glyceride magnesium sulfate(n=52), and the treatment group was given Jidesheng anti-venom externally(n=74). The data collected included maximum local necrotic area of skin and soft tissues, de-tumescence time, healing time,and skin-grafting rate.RESULTS: There were no significant differences in gender, age, and disease condition between the control and treatment groups(P>0.05). No statistically significant difference was found in de-tumescence time between the two groups(P>0.05). The maximum local necrotic area of skin and soft tissues was(19.9 ± 7.3) cm2in the treatment group,while it was(23.3±6.4) cm2in the control group.The healing time of the treatment group was shorter than that of the control group [(32.1 ± 3.7) vs(34.4±4.5) days)] The skin-grafting rate in the treatment group was lower than that of the control group(10.81% vs 25.00%). There were statistically significant differences in maximum local necrotic area of skin and soft tissues, healing time, and skin-grafting rate between the control and treatment groups(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: External application of Jidesheng anti-venom may help to promote wound healing and reduce the skin-grafting rate in cases of skin and soft-tissue necrosis due to Chinese cobra bite.