家蚕胚胎发育时期的蛋白质变化及构造分析

采用蛋白质双向电泳技术及蛋白质氨基酸序列分析技术，从蛋白质水平研究了家蚕胚胎发育时期的基因表达情况。结果表明，从家蚕临界期胚胎直到点青期胚胎的较长一段时间内，蛋白质的双向电泳图谱变化不大，匹配蛋白质斑点比率达63．0％，卵特异性蛋白质，30K蛋白质的含量很大。由点青期胚胎到转青期胚胎，再到蚁蚕期，胚胎发育的时间虽然很短，但蛋白质双向电泳图谱的变化却很大，匹配蛋白质斑点比率下降，偏酸性蛋白质明显增多，卵特异性蛋白质、30K蛋白质的含量逐渐消失，类似于幼虫血液蛋白、烯醇化酶蛋白、以及超氧化物歧化酶蛋白的基因被激活和表达。

Mitogenomic analysis of the genus Panthera

The complete sequences of the mitochondrial DNA genomes of Panthera tigris,Panthera pardus,and Panthera uncia were determined using the polymerase chain reaction method.The lengths of the complete mitochondrial DNA sequences of the three species were 16990,16964,and 16773 bp,respectively.Each of the three mitochondrial DNA genomes included 13 protein-coding genes,22 tRNA,two rRNA,one O L R,and one control region.The structures of the genomes were highly similar to those of Felis catus,Acinonyx jubatus,and Neofelis nebulosa.The phylogenies of the genus Panthera were inferred from two combined mitochondrial sequence data sets and the complete mitochondrial genome sequences,by MP (maximum parsimony),ML (maximum likelihood),and Bayesian analysis.The results showed that Panthera was composed of Panthera leo,P.uncia,P.pardus,Panthera onca,P.tigris,and N.nebulosa,which was included as the most basal member.The phylogeny within Panthera genus was N.nebulosa (P.tigris (P.onca (P.pardus,(P.leo,P.uncia)))).The divergence times for Panthera genus were estimated based on the ML branch lengths and four well-established calibration points.The results showed that at about 11.3 MYA,the Panthera genus separated from other felid species and then evolved into the several species of the genus.In detail,N.nebulosa was estimated to be founded about 8.66 MYA,P.tigris about 6.55 MYA,P.uncia about 4.63 MYA,and P.pardus about 4.35 MYA.All these estimated times were older than those estimated from the fossil records.The divergence event,evolutionary process,speciation,and distribution pattern of P.uncia,a species endemic to the central Asia with core habitats on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and surrounding highlands,mostly correlated with the geological tectonic events and intensive climate shifts that happened at 8,3.6,2.5,and 1.7 MYA on the plateau during the late Cenozoic period.

Fabrication and applications of the protein patterns

Protein has been widely used for fabricating patterned structures since it is one of the most important macromolecules in living organisms,and protein patterns possess potential applications in many fields such as medical diagnosis,tissue engineering,biosensors,and medical screening.At present,there are two fashions to fabricate protein patterns:one is grafting the protein to the microstructure which is prepared by micro-fabrication techniques;the other one is achieving the patterned protein structures directly.Here we provide an overview on current status of the fabrication techniques and the applications of the protein patterns,and then give an outlook on the development of the fabrication techniques and the prospective applications of the protein patterns in future research.

An Upper Bound for the Cubicity of Folded Hypercube

For a graph, its boxicity is the minimum dimension k such that G is representable as the intersection graph of axis-parallel boxes＇in the k-dimension space. When the boxes are restricted to be axis-parallel k-dimension cube＇s, the minimum k required to represent G is called the cubicity of G. In this paper, a special graph .called unit-interval graph. IG[X, Y] is given, then 2n such graphs which have the same vertices as V（FQn） are constructed, where FQ, is the n-dimension folded hypercube. Thanks to the specia] structure of IG[X, Y], the result that cubicity（FQn）≤ 2n is proved.