一种新的估算水稻上部叶片蛋白氮含量的植被指数

【目的】阐明水稻顶部4张叶片蛋白氮含量和反射光谱特征的变化规律及其相互关系,建立快速、准确诊断水稻功能叶片蛋白氮含量的方法。【方法】通过3年不同施氮水平和不同品种类型的大田试验,分生育期同步测定顶部4张叶片的光谱反射率及蛋白氮含量,系统分析叶片蛋白氮含量与多种高光谱参数的定量关系。【结果】水稻叶片蛋白氮含量和光谱反射率在不同施氮水平、不同生育期及不同叶位间均存在明显差异,叶片蛋白氮含量的敏感波段主要存在于可见光绿光区530～580nm及红边区域695～715nm,其中红边区域表现最为显著。红边区域700nm附近波段与近红外短波段的比值组合(SRs)可以有效地估算水稻上部功能叶片的蛋白氮含量,其次是绿光区587nm左右的波段与近红外短波段的比值组合。基于新提出的SR(770,700)及已报道的GM-2、SR705、RI-half光谱指数,线性回归模型的拟合精度(R2)分别达到0.874,0.873,0.871和0.867。经独立资料的检验表明,这些回归模型可以实时监测叶片蛋白氮含量变化,预测精度R2分别为0.810、0.806、0.804和0.800,相对误差RE分别为12.1%、12.4%、12.6%和12.9%。【结论】可以利用关键特征光谱指数来诊断水稻上部叶片的蛋白氮含量状况,尤以SR(770,700)、GM-2、SR705和RI-half表现为较强的估测能力。

猪苍白肌中非蛋白氮含量的探讨

猪苍白肌中非蛋白氮含量的探讨姜开连（上海市食品公司职工学校，上海２００３３５）猪ＰＳＥ肉，为色泽苍白（Ｐａｌｅ），质地柔软（Ｓｏｆｔ），汁液渗湿（Ｅｘｕｄａｔｌｖｅ）的肉质综称，具有较低的ｐＨ值。国际学术界对此种异常猪肉给予关注，主要集中于揭示ＰＳＥ...

不同提取方法盐全蝎水溶性蛋白含量对比研究

目的通过对不同提取方法盐全蝎水溶性蛋白含量的比较研究,寻找水溶性蛋白含量较高的提取方法,为全蝎的临床用药提供借鉴。方法对活体东亚钳蝎进行盐制后,分别对水浸泡24h、水煎30、60、90、120min、75%乙醇浸泡24h六组样品浸出液进行粗蛋白、蛋白氮和氨基酸含量的测定。结果水煎60min盐全蝎水提液的粗蛋白、蛋白氮、氨基酸的含量与清水浸泡24h,水煎30min、90min、120min相比具有极显著差异。结论临床应用上采取水煎60min的方法可能更有利于全蝎的药效发挥。

Effects of Nitrogen Fertigation Rate on Protein Components in Grains and Processing Quality of Different Wheat Varieties

[Objective] This study aimed to explore the effects of nitrogen fertigation rate on the protein components in grains and processing quality of different wheat varieties. [Method] Under the condition of higher soil fertility, different amounts of N-fertilizer were applied in the plots, and then the contents of total protein and its components, percentage of the component content to total protein content as well as the processing quality of grains of two strong-gluten wheat varieties （Linyou145 and Zhengmai9023） and two weak-gluten wheat varieties （Ningmai9 and Baofeng949） were determined. [Result] The contents of total protein and globulin, gliadin and glutenin were improved significantly with the increase of the N-fertilizer amount; but the content of albumin did not show remarkable increase; in addition, the percentage of each protein component was relative stable and did not increase significantly. Increase in the amount of N-fertilizer improved the sedimentation value, wet gluten content, loaf volume and loaf score, decreased the volume weight of grain. [Conclusion] This study provideed theoretical support for high-quality wheat production.

仔猪低血糖症的诊断、防治方法

1~4日龄仔猪由于机体血糖水平明显下降,非蛋白氮含量上升,进而引起仔猪低血糖症,病猪表现为体力不支、行动障碍、全身痉挛等症状。这种病情往往是由新生仔猪组织和器官发育不健全,尤其是肝合成和分解糖原的功能较差,无法保障血糖水平处于正常状况,致使同窝仔猪或部分仔猪突然发病,再加上仔猪自身体质较差,机体新陈代谢功能不完善,如果救治不及时会发生死亡现象,给养猪场带来巨大的损失。因此,笔者分析仔猪低血糖症的发病原因,同时介绍了仔猪低血糖症的诊断和治疗方法,以期降低该病给猪群带来的危害。

Predicting Grain Yield and Protein Content in Winter Wheat at Different N Supply Levels Using Canopy Reflectance Spectra

A field experiment using a split-plot randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out to determine relationships between spectral indices and wheat grain yield （GY）, to compare the performance of four vegetation indices （VIs） for GY prediction, and to study the feasibility of VI to estimate grain protein content （GPC） in winter wheat. Two typical winter wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） cultivars ＇Xuzhou 26＇ （high protein content） and ＇Huaimai 18＇ （low protein content） were used as the main plot treatments and four N rates, i.e., 0, 120, 210, and 300 kg N ha^-1, as the sub-plot treatments. Increasing soil N supply significantly increased GY and GPC （P ≤ 0.05）. For the two cultivars combined, significant and positive correlations were found between four VIs and GY, with the strongest relationship observed when using the green ratio vegetation index （GRVI） at mid-filling. Cumulative VI estimates improved yield predictions substantially, with the best interval being heading to maturity stage. Similar results were found between VI and grain protein yield. However, when using cumulative VI, GPC showed no significant improvement. The strong relationship between leaf N status and GPC （R2 =0.9144 for ＇Xuzhou 26＇ and R2 = 0.8285 for ＇Huaimai 18＇） indicated that canopy spectra could be used to predict GPC. The strong fit between estimated and observed GPC （R2 = 0.7939） indicated that remote sensing techniques were potentially useful predictors of grain protein content and quality in wheat.

商品鳖甲的质量考察

目的通过测定市售鳖甲钙及蛋白(氮)含量,考察商品鳖甲的质量。方法鳖甲骨钙的测定采用乙二胺四醋酸二钠滴定的方法,蛋白(氮)含量采用定氮分析法。结果骨钙测定方法的精密度RSD=1.3%(N=5);平均回收率98.7%,RSD=1.2%(N=5);结论不同来源的鳖甲样品骨钙含量及蛋白(氮)含量差别很大,表明市售药材的质量区别很大。

The Differences of Physiological Characteristics and Yield of Northern Japonica Rice in Different Nitrogen Application Patterns

The research performed analysis on differences of physiological property and yield of Tiejing No. 11 by different nitrogen fertilization patterns. The results indicated that while the nitrogen of basal: tillering: panicle was 6 ∶3∶1, the higher amount of nitrogen improved the chlorophyll content, photosynthetic capacity, effective panicle, grain weight and yield; the medium nitrogen level had advantage under the ratio 4:3:3; nitrogen application at lategrowth stage was suitable for low or medium nitrogen level,which could increase photosynthetic capacity and optimize the yield components and increase yield; under the same ratio for basic tiller and ear fertilizer, the increase of nitrogen could improve total nitrogen uptake and protein content, decrease nitrogen physiological efficiency and milled rice and tasting, but nitrogen recovery and harvest index changes had difference; as application at late growth stage in same nitrogen rate, total nitrogen uptake and protein content increased, nitrogen physiological efficiency and milled rice and amylose content and tasting decreased, nitrogen recovery and harvest index increased under low or medium nitrogen level and decreased under high nitrogen level. Nitrogen application 210 kg/hm^2 and the ratio 4 ∶3 ∶3 of basal:tillering: panicle made the yield increase by 2.8%-11.3%, and this is the optimal mode of nitrogen fertilizer application.