Inadequate quality and quantity diet is one of the major reasons for high levels of malnutrition in pregnant women. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Wondo Genet District, Southern Ethiopia. A two-stage cluste...Inadequate quality and quantity diet is one of the major reasons for high levels of malnutrition in pregnant women. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Wondo Genet District, Southern Ethiopia. A two-stage cluster sampling technique was used to select a representative sample of 153 pregnant women aged 19-49 years from three rural villages （＂Kebeles＂）. Energy and nutrient intakes from foods were calculated from one-day weighed food records on a sub-sample （n = 77）. The result of the study showed that the intakes of most nutrients were lower than the recommended intake. The energy intake of the study participants both in 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy were 2,308 kcal and 1,420.5 kcal compared to the recommended 2,340 kcal and 2,452 kcal, respectively. Except iron, almost all micronutrient intakes were lower than the recommended intake. Vitamin A intake was 3/ag compared with the recommended 800μg, while protein intake of the study respondents in 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy was 45.9 g and 31.5 g, respectively, compared with the recommended 71 g. Risk factors for undernutrition were multiple pregnancy and no consumption of cereal-based foods. This study revealed that the energy and nutrient intake of the pregnant women in study area was below the recommended intakes. Furthermore, the situation might be aggravated by high phytate content food consumption reported. Nutritional status of pregnant women in study area was not adequate to support the increased energy and nutrient requirement of the participants.展开更多
The aim of this study was to assess the ability of Nile tilapia to balance its own diet, when two ingredient mixes were offered, using carbon stable isotopes. In order to accomplish that, 225 Nile tilapia juveniles （...The aim of this study was to assess the ability of Nile tilapia to balance its own diet, when two ingredient mixes were offered, using carbon stable isotopes. In order to accomplish that, 225 Nile tilapia juveniles （average initial weight 5.0 g ± 0.5 g） were distributed in five tanks, each containing a group of 45 fish. One group of fish were fed exclusively with a high protein mix （HPM; δ^13C = -22.62‰）, the second one fed only with a low protein mix （LPM; δ^13C = -14.34‰）. The other groups had free access to both mixes （free choice system）. The fish from all tanks were fed four times a day. Muscle, liver and blood samples were collected at each five days （from 2 fish/tank/collection） for 86 days, except for the fish fed with LPM （fed for a 120 days period）. The samples were analyzed in a mass spectrometer and proportions of the mixes consumed were estimated through its carbon isotope enrichment （δ^13C）. Energy intake slightly decreased after the 50th day and protein consumption increased after the same period. However, consumption did not present a clear pattern in relation to the individual weight, i.e., protein consumption patterns are mainly related to the age of the individuals and it is not clear if it is also correlated to their weight. Additionally, this technique allowed the observation of differences regarding consumption among the individuals from the experimental group.展开更多
文摘Inadequate quality and quantity diet is one of the major reasons for high levels of malnutrition in pregnant women. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Wondo Genet District, Southern Ethiopia. A two-stage cluster sampling technique was used to select a representative sample of 153 pregnant women aged 19-49 years from three rural villages （＂Kebeles＂）. Energy and nutrient intakes from foods were calculated from one-day weighed food records on a sub-sample （n = 77）. The result of the study showed that the intakes of most nutrients were lower than the recommended intake. The energy intake of the study participants both in 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy were 2,308 kcal and 1,420.5 kcal compared to the recommended 2,340 kcal and 2,452 kcal, respectively. Except iron, almost all micronutrient intakes were lower than the recommended intake. Vitamin A intake was 3/ag compared with the recommended 800μg, while protein intake of the study respondents in 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy was 45.9 g and 31.5 g, respectively, compared with the recommended 71 g. Risk factors for undernutrition were multiple pregnancy and no consumption of cereal-based foods. This study revealed that the energy and nutrient intake of the pregnant women in study area was below the recommended intakes. Furthermore, the situation might be aggravated by high phytate content food consumption reported. Nutritional status of pregnant women in study area was not adequate to support the increased energy and nutrient requirement of the participants.
文摘The aim of this study was to assess the ability of Nile tilapia to balance its own diet, when two ingredient mixes were offered, using carbon stable isotopes. In order to accomplish that, 225 Nile tilapia juveniles （average initial weight 5.0 g ± 0.5 g） were distributed in five tanks, each containing a group of 45 fish. One group of fish were fed exclusively with a high protein mix （HPM; δ^13C = -22.62‰）, the second one fed only with a low protein mix （LPM; δ^13C = -14.34‰）. The other groups had free access to both mixes （free choice system）. The fish from all tanks were fed four times a day. Muscle, liver and blood samples were collected at each five days （from 2 fish/tank/collection） for 86 days, except for the fish fed with LPM （fed for a 120 days period）. The samples were analyzed in a mass spectrometer and proportions of the mixes consumed were estimated through its carbon isotope enrichment （δ^13C）. Energy intake slightly decreased after the 50th day and protein consumption increased after the same period. However, consumption did not present a clear pattern in relation to the individual weight, i.e., protein consumption patterns are mainly related to the age of the individuals and it is not clear if it is also correlated to their weight. Additionally, this technique allowed the observation of differences regarding consumption among the individuals from the experimental group.
