豆豉、腐乳蛋白质降解物限量标准研究

目的:测定豆豉、腐乳中包括挥发性盐基氮(total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N)值、三甲胺、硫化氢、生物胺在内的蛋白质分解产物含量,确定豆豉、腐乳中蛋白质的腐败程度,为生产更安全的豆豉、腐乳等发酵豆制品提供依据。方法:参考GB/T 5009.44—2003《肉与肉制品卫生标准的分析方法》、GB/T 5009.179—2003《火腿中三甲胺氮的测定》、GB/T 16489—1996《水质:硫化物的测定:亚甲基蓝分光光度法》及其他文献分别对样品中TVB-N值、三甲胺及硫化氢等进行测定。结果:豆豉中TVB-N值、总生物胺、腐胺、三甲胺及硫化氢的含量分别为8.20~372.72 mg/100 g、15.67~2 057.56 mg/kg、ND^276.03 mg/kg、0.26~10.43 mg/100 g及1.22~27.27 mg/kg;腐乳中的含量分别为95.33~652.94 mg/100 g、11.38~2 406.95 mg/kg、11.38~1 147.32 mg/kg、0.42~4.31 mg/100 g及0.27~3.72 mg/kg。结论:腐乳、豆豉中TVB-N、三甲胺、硫化氢、生物胺等腐败变质物质大量生成,影响此类食品的可食用性。可初步将TVB-N值、腐胺、总生物胺及三甲胺含量作为腐乳的腐败变质标志物;TVB-N值、总生物胺及三甲胺含量作为豆豉的腐败变质标志物,结合生产环节确定此类物质的限定值。

Research Progress in the Structure and Functions of Prohibitin

Prohibitin is named due to the negative regulatory role of its gene products in cell proliferation. Prohibitin gene is located at q21 of chromosome 17 in human beings and the protein is found at mitochondria, nucleus and cytoplasm. Due to its size and ring-shaped structure, prohibitin protein defines functional subcompartments in mitochondria. Its subunits, PHB1 and PHB2, suppress cell proliferation as in the protein itself Nevertheless, recent investigation suggests that prohibitin protein enhances cell proliferation as well. It has also been found to suppress cell apoptosis by reducing cytochrome C release via the avoidance of mitochondrial crista remodeling which is facilitated through type 1 optic atrophy protein （OPAl）. Acting as a binding site for ubiquitin, prohibitin protein regulates protein degradation by proteasome. Examples are the degradations of sperm mitochondria in a fertilized ovum or those of an abnormal sperm.