积石山县蛋皮核桃产业发展与新思考

积石山县是蛋皮核桃的原产地,至今已有2000余年的栽培历史,据《续修导河县志》记载:"刘家集、居民200多户,产核桃,年出市约30万kg",大河家鸡蛋皮核桃以皮薄味甜和较强的保健功能被誉为"陇上名品",畅销省内外。1999年调查发现,积石山县蛋皮核桃百年以上的大树仅存7株,每株年产核桃150kg左右,蛋皮核桃留床嫁接苗木1.33hm2,蛋皮核桃优良物种处于频临灭绝的境地,保护和发展蛋皮核桃优良物种势在必行。

临夏州大河家蛋皮核桃离体快繁技术的初步研究

研究了临夏州大河家蛋皮核桃诱导生芽、增殖培养、诱导生根的培养基及配方,结果表明,DKW+6-BA 1.0 mg/L是适宜的生芽诱导培养基,DKW+6-BA1mg/L+IBA 0.001 mg/L是适宜的增殖培养基,1/2DKW+IBA 5 mg/L+活性炭1 mg/L+间苯三酚1 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L是较适宜的生根培养基,并为其他核桃组培快繁提供了技术参数。

油蛋皮的研制

为了增加蛋制品的新品种、提高鸡蛋的附加值,利用鸡蛋液通过流平加热的方式研发了一种油蛋皮。以酶种类、反应时间、酶添加量、反应温度、磷酸盐添加量为因素,以蛋皮的拉伸强度作为油蛋皮品质指标,确定制作油蛋皮的最佳条件。结果表明,当TG-N添加量0.25%,磷酸钠添加量0.3%,反应时间50 min,反应温度47℃时,油蛋皮的拉伸强度最大,达到1.67 MPa,所得到的蛋皮色泽金黄、晶莹剔透,有良好的柔软性和较好的韧性。该技术通过进一步完善可以用于工业化生产。

快速剥蛋皮法

如果一次煮了多个鸡蛋，又想快速剥去蛋皮，可用一塑料盆放上少许水，将多个鸡蛋放入，盖上盖，用手摇上10秒钟左右，打开盖，大部分鸡蛋皮已去掉，剩下的轻轻一剥即掉。

积石山县蛋皮核桃发展制约因素和对策

中国是核桃(Juglans regia L)的原产地,栽培面积约91.75万hm2、2亿株左右,其中结果树约6000万株,面积和株数都居世界第1位。蛋皮核桃是临夏州积石山县大河家地区一个优良的地方栽培品种,是甘肃省最优良的类型之一,由于人为和历史原因,蛋皮核桃破坏严重,发展缓慢。据1996调查,本区仅剩7株百年左右的大树,这个优良物种处于濒临灭绝的境地。本文通过积石山县自然环境、蛋皮核桃发展现状以及存在的问题等方面的分析,提出了一些加快核桃产业发展的对策措施,这对今后积石山县蛋皮核桃产业发展将起到积极的推动作用。

HACCP在蛋皮月饼加工中的应用研究

以北方传统蛋皮月饼为例,分析其安全影响因素和潜在风险,确定原料验收、烘烤、凉冻和包装4个关键控制点,确立关键限值、监测步骤和纠偏措施,构建旨在保证其质量安全的HACCP体系,为企业的安全生产和管理提供借鉴。

皮屑蛋白粉替代蚕蛹饲喂仔猪和生长肥育猪的试验

将115头哺乳仔猪随机分成两组,分别按4.5％的比例加入皮屑蛋白粉和优质蚕蛹粉于相同基础日粮中,进行日增重比较研究,结果皮屑蛋白组日增重为329.6g,对照组为322g,两者差异不显著(P>0.05)。将40头生长肥育猪分成两组,分别按5％的比例加入皮屑蛋白粉和优质蚕蛹粉于相同基础日粮中,进行日增重、料肉比、经济效益比较研究,结果皮屑蛋白组与对照组日增重和料向比差异不显著(P>0.05),皮屑蛋白组每增重1kg的饲料成本比对照组降低5.6％。

猪油含量对蛋挞皮口感的影响分析

根据蛋挞生产工艺特点,油脂用量对蛋挞皮口感影响较大。但是,食品教科书只给出了蛋挞皮制作的一般性配比关系,最佳口感的配方则深藏于食品企业内部不能公开。为此,以猪油作为蛋挞皮油心开展实验研究,逐级调整面粉和猪油的比例关系,通过添加量的变化对蛋挞皮成品效果影响的对比以及相应的感官评价的综合分析,最终确定蛋挞皮油心中猪油与面粉的比例在160%-170%之间,为最优配方。

猪油含量对蛋挞皮品质的影响

油脂用量对蛋挞皮品质影响较大。逐步调整油心中面粉和猪油的比例,分析不同添加量对蛋挞皮成品效果的影响,并进行相应的感官评价,最终确定蛋挞皮油心的最佳配方为:以面粉质量100计,猪油用量占比160%170%。

冰淇淋蛋筒皮保脆性的研究

从理论、配方、工艺上对蛋筒皮的保脆性进行了分析，通过大量试验论证了不采用涂挂巧克力（或其它油脂），而使蛋筒皮长期（３０ｄ以上）保脆的不可行性（至目前为止）。

Isolation and Identification of the Pathogen Causing Skin Ulcer Disease in Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther and Its Sensitivity to Chinese Herbal Medicine

In this study, the pathogen causing skin ulcer disease in Cynoglossus semilaevis Gunther was isolated for morphological observation, physiological and bio- chemical identification. According to the result, the isolated pathogen was identified as Vibrio harveyi. The results of recurrent infection of C. semilaevis Gonther showed that the pathogen was strongly pathogenic to C. semilaevis Gunther. In or- der to explore the pathogenesis, outer membrane protein （OMP） gene of C. semi- laevis Gunther was detected by PCR. The results showed that all the three repre- sentative strains harbored OMP gene. According to the results of sensitivity test of the pathogen to Chinese herbal medicine, Galla Chinensis, Fructus Mume, Fructus Hippophae and Lignum Sappan exerted strong antibacterial effects against V. harveyr, Pericarpium Granati exhibited slight antibacterial effect against V. harveyi; Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Rhizoma Acori GramineL Herba Houttuyniae, Herba Portulacae, Herba Andrographis, Eucalyptus globulus Labill. and Herba Menthae Heplocalycis had little effect on V. harveyi. Galla Chinensis, Fructus Mume, Fructus Hippophae and Lignum Sappan were prepared into three prescriptions, among which prescription 1 （Galla Chinensis ＋ Fructus Mume） exhibited the strongest antibacterial effect.

Spectrin-like Protein in the Phloem of Cucumis sativus

Spectrin-like protein has been found in a variety of plant cells. In this study, electron microscopic observation of immuno-gold labelled preparations from the leaf petiole of cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) shows that it also exists in the sieve element-companion cell (SE-CC) complex, being widely distributed in P-protein filaments and sieve element reticulum (SER), in the cytoplasm and mitochondrial membrane of companion cell (CC) and in the branched plasmodesmata between sieve element (SE) and CC as well. The results suggest that this protein could be synthesized in CC and transferred to SE through plasmodesmata. Western blotting showed that spectrin-like protein existed in the protein of phloem exudate of cucumber, and its molecular weight was about 260 kD.

Sustained Contraction of Isolated Rabbit Thoracic Aortic Rings in Endothelial-dependent Manner Induced by βγ-CAT

In vertebrates, non-lens βγ-crystallins are widely expressed in various tissues and their functions are not well known. The molecular mechanisms of trefoil factors （TFFs）, which involved in mucosal healing and tumorigenesis, have remained elusive. βγ-CAT is a novel multifunctional protein complex of non-lens βγ-crystallin and trefoil factor from frog skin secretions. Here we report that βγ-CAT could induce sustained contraction of isolated rabbit aortic rings in dosage （2-35nmol/L） and endothelium dependent manners （P〈0.01 ）. In addition, in situ immunofluorescence indicated that positive TNF-α signals were mainly detected at the endothelial cell layer of βγ-CAT （25nmol/L） treated rings. Furthermore, βγ-CAT induced primary cultured rabbit thoracic aortic endothelial cells （RAECs） rapidly to release TNF-α. After βγ-CAT （25nmol/L） treated for 10 and 30min, the levels of the endothelial cells released TNF-ct were 34.17±5.10 pg/mL and 98.01±4.67 pg/mL （P〈0.01）, respectively. In conclusion, βγ-CAT could induce sustained contraction of isolated aortic rings, and the contractile effect might be partially explained by the release of TNF-α. These findings will give new insight into understanding the functions and physiological roles of non-lens βγ-crystallins and trefoil factors.

Molecular Cloning and Bioinformatical Analysis of a cDNA Encoding Mitochondrial 50S Ribosomal Protein L21 from Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.

[Objective] ＂Tapping panel dryness （TPD）＂, a syndrome known as tapping incision blocked partly or entirely during latex exploiting, has become the most important factor causing great losses for rubber production. Aiming to elucidate the molecular mechanism of tapping panel dryness occurrence, this study carried out molecular cloning and bioinformatical analysis of a mRPL21 cDNA sequence, a gene associated with TPD. [Method] In a preliminary study, an expressed sequence tag （EST） encoding a deduced protein homologous to mitochondrial 50S ribosomal protein L21 （mRPL21）, which showed to be down-regulated in the latex of TPD-affected rubber trees, was isolated by suppression subtractive hybridization （SSH）. After ESTs assembling and RT-PCR validation, an 853 bp cDNA sequence with an open reading frame （ORF） was cloned, which was named as HbmRPL21 under GenBank accession number of HM230670. [Result] Bioinformatical analysis suggests that HbmRPL21 encodes a deduced polypeptide of 271 amino acids with a theoretical molecular weight （Mw） of 30.52 kDa and isolectric point （pI） of 8.40, and HbmRPL21 is a mitochondrion-targeted protein with a conserved domain of Ribosomal_L21p involving translation. Homology analysis reveals high amino acid sequence identity of mRPL21 from plants, while diversity of that between plant and animal kingdom. [Conclusion] This study laid the basis for further revealing the biological functions of mRPL21 in TPD-affected rubber trees.

Effect of recombinant human interleukin-11 on expressions of interleukin-11 receptorα-chain and glycoprotein 130 in intestinal epithelium cell line-6 after neutron irradiation

AIM： To explore the effect of recombinant human interleukin-11 （rhIL-11） on the expressions of interleukin-11 receptor α-chain （IL-11Rα） and an additional signal transducer glycoprotein 130 （gp130） in intestinal epithelium cell line-6 （IEC-6） after neutron irradiation. METHODS： Cultured IEC-6 cells were exposed to 4.0Gy neutron and treated with 100 ng/mL rhIL-11 12 h prior to or immediately after irradiation. The apoptosis and necrosis rates and expressions of IL-11Rα and gp130 were observed by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, Western blot and image analysis. RESULTS： The apoptosis rate of IEC-6 cells was increased by irradiation at 6 h （P 〈 0.01）, IL-11 stimulation resulted in a decreased apoptosis rate in irradiated IEC-6 cells （P 〈 0.05）. In normal control IEC-6 cells, intense immunoreactivity of IL-11Rα was located within the cell membrane and cytoplasm. The level of IL-11Rα expression significantly decreased at 6 h after irradiation （P 〈 0.01） and restored at 24 h after irradiation. In IEC-6 cells treated with both radiation and rhIL-11, the level of IL- 11Rα expression was higher than that of irradiated cells （P 〈 0.05）. When it came to gp130 protein, it was located in the cytoplasm of IEC-6 cells. After irradiation, we found a progressive decrease in the expression of gp130 protein （P 〈 0.05） in 48 hours post-radiation, while in rhIL-11-stimulated cells, it came back to normal level at 24 h after irradiation and decreased at 48 h, but was still higher than that of only irradiated cells （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： rhIL-11 can protect IEC-6 cells from neutron irradiation. The protective effect of rhIL-11 might be connected with its ability to up-regulate the expressions of specific ligand-binding subunit IL-11Rα and signal-transducing subunit gp130.

Plasmodesmata: Dynamic Channels for Symplastic Transport

Plasmodesmata (PDs) are cytoplasmic structures that link adjacent cells to form the symplast of a plant. PDs are involved extensively in a plant's life by mediating symplastic transport of a wide range of ions and molecules. Major components of a plasmodesma (PD) include a plasma membrane, a desmotubule, and a cytoplasmic annulus, all of which are readily detectable by electron microscopy. Both the plasma membrane and the desmotubule contain proteinaceous particles, thought to be involved in altering the size of the cytoplasmic annulus. Cytoskeleton elements (actin and myosin) are essential for maintaining the integrity of PDs. Together with these elements, calcium_binding proteins probably play a significant role in regulating PD function. Symplastic transport occurs through the cytoplasmic annulus for the great majority of solutes, while other substances may traverse through the desmotubule internal compartment, the desmotubule shell, or the plasma membrane. The symplast is subdivided into several domains with varying molecular size exclusion limits (ranging from <1 kD to >10 kD). Plasmodesmata can be either primary or secondary; the former are developed during new wall formation and the latter are made in existing walls. The dynamic nature of plasmodesmata is also reflected by their changing frequencies, which, in turn, depend on the developmental and physiological status of the tissue or the entire plant. While diffusion is the major mechanism of symplastic transport, plasmodesmata are selective for certain ions and molecules. Upon viral infection, viral movement proteins interact with PD receptor proteins and, as a result of yet unknown mechanisms, the plasmodesmata are remarkably dilated to allow viral movement proteins and the bound viral genome to enter healthy cells. Some proteins of plant origin are also able to traverse plasmodesmata, presumably in ways similar to viral movement proteins. Some of these plant proteins are probably signal molecules contributing to cell differentiation and other activities. Other proteins move cell_to_cell in a non_specific manner.

Inhibition of PMA-induced endothelial cell activation and adhesion by over-expression of domain negative IκBα protein

AIM: NF-κB, regulate the expression of cytokine-inducible genes involving immune and inflammatory responses, will be potential therapy approach for allograft from rejection. In this study, we use pCMV-IκBαM vector to inhibit NF-κB activation and investigate the effect of pCMV-IκBαM in inhibition of T cells adhesion to endothelial cells. METHODS: The NF-κB activity was detected with pNF-κB reporter gene and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Expression of cell surface molecules was detected by RT-PCR and flow cytometer. The cell-cell adhesion assay was performed to determine the effect of pCMV-IκBαM in inhibition of T cells adhesion to endothelial cells. RESULTS: We could find that NF-κB activity is inhibited by over-expression of non-degraded IκBα protein. Expression of adhesion molecules like ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and P-selectin as well as cell-cell adhesion were inhibited significantly by transfection of the pCMV-IκBαM vector. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that the pCMVIκBαM, which inhibit the activity of NF-κB through over-expression of non-degraded IκBα protein, can be used for gene therapy in diseases involving NF-κB activation abnormally like organ transplantation via inhibiting cell adhesion.