蜂药使用和蜂产品残留研究的现状

随着世界养蜂业的迅猛发展,蜂产品日益受到广大消费者的青睐,但蜂药的过量使用或使用不当会导致蜂产品中药物残留,对人类健康构成威胁,因此很有必要建立起快速准确的蜂产品中药物残留分析方法。本文介绍了蜂药的使用现状,并对目前主要的蜂产品药物残留研究的方法进行了综述。

高效液相色谱-紫外检测法分析蜂蜜中四环素类药物的残留

在畜禽生产中，四环素类药物被广泛作为药物添加剂。国内外关于检测残留的四环素类药物主要方法为微生物分析法和仪器分析法，本研究综合考虑特异性、灵敏度、精密度等因素，采用固相萃取（SPE）纯化样品，高效液相色谱一紫外检测法（HPLC—trVD）分析蜂蜜中四环素类药物的残留。本方法四环素类药物中四环素的最低检测限与定量限分别为15μg／1.25μg／kg,回收率78．85％-82．58％，变异系数≤15％，整个操作过程简单、方法稳定，准确度、灵敏度均满足残留分析要求，适合于蜂产品中四环素类抗生素残留监控。

防治蜂病 药慎行——谈我国蜜蜂病敌害的药物防治现状及其对策

我国蜂药研究滞后,蜂农缺乏用药常识,用药方法不当,导致蜂药残留,污染蜂产品,并危害蜂群。只有加快进行天然、高效、低毒、低残留蜂药的研制,合理使用蜂药,掌握蜂病信息,以管理为主线,防治结合,减少蜂药污染,才是适合我国蜂业发展的道路。

A Survey of Pesticide Residues in Pollen Collected by Honey Bees from Four Different Types of Agricultural Production Areas in Slovenia

150 pollen samples collected between the years 2009 and 2011 from 30 locations, divided according to agricultural practice were analysed for the presence of pesticides. In 2009, residues were found in pollen samples from twelve locations （40%）, in 2010, in samples from four locations （13.3%） and in 2011, in samples from three locations （10%）. Altogether 15 different residues in pollen were found in 2009, two in year 2010 and five in 2011. Residues found in the pollen samples ranged from 0.001 mg/kg to 76 mg/kg. The highest number （twelve） of residues was found in pollen from the intensive fruit farming locations and from the intensive viticulture locations （eight）. The residues were mostly from the fungicide group （69%）. Insecticide residues （chlorpyrifos-ethyl, methoxyfenozide, thiacloprid） were found in the pollen samples from eight locations. Residues in the pollen did not statistically influence the development of the honeybee colonies or infestation rate of Nosema （Nosema spp.）, or viruses ABPV （acute bee paralysis virus）, SBV （sacbrood virus）, DWV （deformed wing virus）, and BQCV （black queen cell virus））.