The species Euchloe belemia（Esper, 1800） of Pieridae is recorded for the first time from China.Characteristics of the genus and the species are revised, and detailed photos/illustrations of male adult are given. A c...The species Euchloe belemia（Esper, 1800） of Pieridae is recorded for the first time from China.Characteristics of the genus and the species are revised, and detailed photos/illustrations of male adult are given. A checklist of the species in this genus is provided.展开更多
Chinese species of the genus Polyura Billberg are revised.Ten species,including a new species,Polyura eleganta sp.nov.from Gansu Province,are described and illustrated.A key to the Chinese species is provided.
Many organisms have evolved adaptive coloration that reduces their risk of predation. Cryptic colo- ration reduces the likelihood of detection/recognition by potential predators, while warning or aposematic coloration...Many organisms have evolved adaptive coloration that reduces their risk of predation. Cryptic colo- ration reduces the likelihood of detection/recognition by potential predators, while warning or aposematic coloration advertises unprofitability and thereby reduces the likelihood of attack. Although some studies show that aposematic coloration functions better at decreasing attack rate than crypsis, recent work has suggested and demonstrated that crypsis and aposematism are both successful strategies for avoiding predation. Furthermore, the visual environment （e.g., ambient lighting, background） affects the ability for predators to detect prey. We investigated these 2 related hypoth- eses using 2 well-known visually aposematic species of Heliconius butterflies, which occupy differ- ent habitats （open-canopy vs. closed-canopy）, and one palatable, cryptic, generalist species Junonia coenia. We tested if the differently colored butterflies differ in attack rates by placing plasti- cine models of each of the 3 species in 2 different tropical habitats where the butterflies naturally occur： disturbed, open-canopy habitat and forested, closed-canopy habitat. The cryptic model had fewer attacks than one of the aposematic models. Predation rates differed between the 2 habitats, with the open habitat having much higher predation. However, we did not find an interaction between species and habitat type, which is perplexing due to the different aposematic phenotypes naturally occurring in different habitats. Our findings suggest that during the Panamanian dry sea- son avian predation on perched butterflies is not a leading cause in habitat segregation between the 2 aposematic species and demonstrate that cryptically colored animals at rest may be better than aposematic prey at avoiding avian attacks in certain environments.展开更多
基金supported by the Pilot Project of Standardized Curation,Data Integration and Resource Sharing of Zoological Collections(2005DKA21402)
文摘The species Euchloe belemia（Esper, 1800） of Pieridae is recorded for the first time from China.Characteristics of the genus and the species are revised, and detailed photos/illustrations of male adult are given. A checklist of the species in this genus is provided.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31750002)the Special Fiscal Funds of Shaanxi Province(2013-19)+1 种基金the Shaanxi Province Science and Technology Research and Development Project(2013k14-01-02)the Pilot Project of Standardized Curation,Data Integration and Resource Sharing of Zoological Collections(2005DKA21402),Ministry of Science and Technology of China
文摘Chinese species of the genus Polyura Billberg are revised.Ten species,including a new species,Polyura eleganta sp.nov.from Gansu Province,are described and illustrated.A key to the Chinese species is provided.
文摘Many organisms have evolved adaptive coloration that reduces their risk of predation. Cryptic colo- ration reduces the likelihood of detection/recognition by potential predators, while warning or aposematic coloration advertises unprofitability and thereby reduces the likelihood of attack. Although some studies show that aposematic coloration functions better at decreasing attack rate than crypsis, recent work has suggested and demonstrated that crypsis and aposematism are both successful strategies for avoiding predation. Furthermore, the visual environment （e.g., ambient lighting, background） affects the ability for predators to detect prey. We investigated these 2 related hypoth- eses using 2 well-known visually aposematic species of Heliconius butterflies, which occupy differ- ent habitats （open-canopy vs. closed-canopy）, and one palatable, cryptic, generalist species Junonia coenia. We tested if the differently colored butterflies differ in attack rates by placing plasti- cine models of each of the 3 species in 2 different tropical habitats where the butterflies naturally occur： disturbed, open-canopy habitat and forested, closed-canopy habitat. The cryptic model had fewer attacks than one of the aposematic models. Predation rates differed between the 2 habitats, with the open habitat having much higher predation. However, we did not find an interaction between species and habitat type, which is perplexing due to the different aposematic phenotypes naturally occurring in different habitats. Our findings suggest that during the Panamanian dry sea- son avian predation on perched butterflies is not a leading cause in habitat segregation between the 2 aposematic species and demonstrate that cryptically colored animals at rest may be better than aposematic prey at avoiding avian attacks in certain environments.
