Objective: To develop a sensitive, specific and simple method for detection of extremely low numbers of T. pallidum in clinical specimens, as a significant addition to the serologic tests for syphilis diagnosis. Metho...Objective: To develop a sensitive, specific and simple method for detection of extremely low numbers of T. pallidum in clinical specimens, as a significant addition to the serologic tests for syphilis diagnosis. Methods: Double-tube nested PCR(DN-PCR) and single-tube nested PCR(SN-PCR) assays were performed to amplify specific fragments of the DNA poly-merase I gene(polA) of T. pallidum. Sensitivity and specificity of the two PCR assays were tested. Eighty-six whole blood specimens from persons with suspected syphilis were detected by the two nested PCR methods. The TPPA test was used as a comparison for detecting syphilis in sera from corresponding patients. Results: Only specific amplicons could be obtained during amplification of the T. pallidum polA gene and the detection limit was approximately 1 organism when analyzed on gel by the two PCR methods. Of 86 clinical specimens, 62 were positive by TPPA. Of these, 54 and 51 were positive by the DN-PCR and SN-PCR, respectively, which does not represent a statistically significant difference between the two PCR tests. Of 24 TPPA-negative specimens, 5 were positive by both DN-PCR assay and SN-PCR assay. Conclusion: The SN- polA PCR method is extremely sensitive, specific and easy to perform for detecting low numbers of T. pallidum in clinical blood specimens as a complementary to serology for syphilis diagnosis.展开更多
Objectives: To develop a multi-nested polymerase chain reaction in an assay to detect early Treponema pallidum and Haemophilius ducreyi DNA in the swabs of genital ulcers. Methods: Four pairs of outer and inner primer...Objectives: To develop a multi-nested polymerase chain reaction in an assay to detect early Treponema pallidum and Haemophilius ducreyi DNA in the swabs of genital ulcers. Methods: Four pairs of outer and inner primers, specific to the basic membrane protein gene of Treponema pallidum and to the 16s rRNA gene of H ducreyi were synthesized. The multi-nested PCR was developed and applied to detect Treponema pallidum and Haemophilus dicreyi in clinical swabs. Result: The two samples of standard strains of Haemophilus ducreyi and one Treponema pallidum were amplified and showed 309-bp rRNA gene of Haemophilus ducreyi and 506-bp DNA of Treponema palidum, respectively. Out of 51 samples of genital ulcer detected, 29 showed Treponema pallidum positive product and no Haemophilus ducreyi DNA was found. Conclusion: The multi-nested PCR for Treponema pallidum and Haemophilus ducreyi could be useful for early detection and distinguishing diagnosis between syphilis and chancroid.展开更多
Biomass usually is noticed a composition of various types of waste materials that can be utilized as useful form of energy alternative to the conventional fossil fuels. However, this new kind of energy has not met its...Biomass usually is noticed a composition of various types of waste materials that can be utilized as useful form of energy alternative to the conventional fossil fuels. However, this new kind of energy has not met its full potential in production of energy, especially electricity generation due to its lower performance in terms of thermal efficiency. Algae （included Microalgae ＆ Macroalgae） are widely used for multi-application developments such as fishery aquaculture, food/nutrient supplement, cosmetics, and biomass energy. Microalgae have been treated as the source of bio-fuel. In this paper, we selected the two types of freshwater microalgae ＂Chlorella Vulgaris＂ ＆ ＂Spirulina＂ and macro algae （Laminariaceae） as the main materials and we analyzed TGA （thermal gravity analysis） and calorific values （heat of combustion）. We found the calorific values are 1,000-5,000 KC/KG and TGA results show that the microalgae decrease rapidly after reached 300 ℃. The results in this paper will be used as a reference material for microalgae multi-oriental energy application and biomass composition proximate and ultimate research development in the future.展开更多
A novel ellipsoidal helical antenna is proposed and studied in this letter. As a special in-stance,the hemispherical helical antennas are analyzed firstly,which indicates that the characteristics of a two-arm unit are...A novel ellipsoidal helical antenna is proposed and studied in this letter. As a special in-stance,the hemispherical helical antennas are analyzed firstly,which indicates that the characteristics of a two-arm unit are better than that of a single-arm unit. Based on this,the ellipsoidal helical antenna,formed by changing the axial direction’s dimension of the two-arm hemispherical helical antenna,is analyzed by the moment method with curved basic and testing function. The effects to VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio),gain,polarization and patterns by the axial direction’s dimensions are inves-tigated. The study results provide dependable gist to the choice of antenna format according to the practical requirements.展开更多
文摘Objective: To develop a sensitive, specific and simple method for detection of extremely low numbers of T. pallidum in clinical specimens, as a significant addition to the serologic tests for syphilis diagnosis. Methods: Double-tube nested PCR(DN-PCR) and single-tube nested PCR(SN-PCR) assays were performed to amplify specific fragments of the DNA poly-merase I gene(polA) of T. pallidum. Sensitivity and specificity of the two PCR assays were tested. Eighty-six whole blood specimens from persons with suspected syphilis were detected by the two nested PCR methods. The TPPA test was used as a comparison for detecting syphilis in sera from corresponding patients. Results: Only specific amplicons could be obtained during amplification of the T. pallidum polA gene and the detection limit was approximately 1 organism when analyzed on gel by the two PCR methods. Of 86 clinical specimens, 62 were positive by TPPA. Of these, 54 and 51 were positive by the DN-PCR and SN-PCR, respectively, which does not represent a statistically significant difference between the two PCR tests. Of 24 TPPA-negative specimens, 5 were positive by both DN-PCR assay and SN-PCR assay. Conclusion: The SN- polA PCR method is extremely sensitive, specific and easy to perform for detecting low numbers of T. pallidum in clinical blood specimens as a complementary to serology for syphilis diagnosis.
文摘Objectives: To develop a multi-nested polymerase chain reaction in an assay to detect early Treponema pallidum and Haemophilius ducreyi DNA in the swabs of genital ulcers. Methods: Four pairs of outer and inner primers, specific to the basic membrane protein gene of Treponema pallidum and to the 16s rRNA gene of H ducreyi were synthesized. The multi-nested PCR was developed and applied to detect Treponema pallidum and Haemophilus dicreyi in clinical swabs. Result: The two samples of standard strains of Haemophilus ducreyi and one Treponema pallidum were amplified and showed 309-bp rRNA gene of Haemophilus ducreyi and 506-bp DNA of Treponema palidum, respectively. Out of 51 samples of genital ulcer detected, 29 showed Treponema pallidum positive product and no Haemophilus ducreyi DNA was found. Conclusion: The multi-nested PCR for Treponema pallidum and Haemophilus ducreyi could be useful for early detection and distinguishing diagnosis between syphilis and chancroid.
文摘Biomass usually is noticed a composition of various types of waste materials that can be utilized as useful form of energy alternative to the conventional fossil fuels. However, this new kind of energy has not met its full potential in production of energy, especially electricity generation due to its lower performance in terms of thermal efficiency. Algae （included Microalgae ＆ Macroalgae） are widely used for multi-application developments such as fishery aquaculture, food/nutrient supplement, cosmetics, and biomass energy. Microalgae have been treated as the source of bio-fuel. In this paper, we selected the two types of freshwater microalgae ＂Chlorella Vulgaris＂ ＆ ＂Spirulina＂ and macro algae （Laminariaceae） as the main materials and we analyzed TGA （thermal gravity analysis） and calorific values （heat of combustion）. We found the calorific values are 1,000-5,000 KC/KG and TGA results show that the microalgae decrease rapidly after reached 300 ℃. The results in this paper will be used as a reference material for microalgae multi-oriental energy application and biomass composition proximate and ultimate research development in the future.
文摘A novel ellipsoidal helical antenna is proposed and studied in this letter. As a special in-stance,the hemispherical helical antennas are analyzed firstly,which indicates that the characteristics of a two-arm unit are better than that of a single-arm unit. Based on this,the ellipsoidal helical antenna,formed by changing the axial direction’s dimension of the two-arm hemispherical helical antenna,is analyzed by the moment method with curved basic and testing function. The effects to VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio),gain,polarization and patterns by the axial direction’s dimensions are inves-tigated. The study results provide dependable gist to the choice of antenna format according to the practical requirements.
