两相共晶NiAl-9Mo合金的蠕变行为

研究了热等静压态的NiAl-9Mo合金在850-950℃和50-100 MPa下的蠕变行为.在试验应力和温度下,该合金蠕变曲线呈现出较短的减速阶段和较长的稳态蠕变阶段;其稳态蠕变速率可用幂指数蠕变方程来描述,应力指数值为4.75±0.25,表观激活能为 410.5±4.5kJ/mol.加速蠕变阶段蠕变速率的增加是由于裂纹的形成和扩展,且其断裂数据遵循Monkman-Grant规律.蠕变断口呈现出塑性断裂和沿晶蠕变断裂的混合特征,但后者比例较大,同一温度下随着应力的增大,沿晶断裂的比例呈现下降的趋势.

15-15Ti奥氏体不锈钢的蠕变性能

在600,650,700℃下对国产15-15Ti不锈钢进行不同应力水平的蠕变试验,观察了蠕变断口形貌,研究了该钢的蠕变变形机理与断裂机理。结果表明:在不同温度和应力下,15-15Ti不锈钢的蠕变曲线可以分为减速蠕变、稳态蠕变和加速蠕变三个阶段,稳态蠕变阶段的时间占整个蠕变的90%以上;随着应力的降低,稳态蠕变阶段越来越明显,蠕变寿命延长,蠕变伸长率减小;15-15Ti不锈钢在600,650,700℃下的应力指数分别为14.3,8.2,4.9,蠕变变形机理为位错蠕变;15-15Ti不锈钢的短时蠕变断裂性质为穿晶断裂,长时蠕变断裂性质为沿晶断裂,穿晶断裂呈现韧性断裂特征,沿晶断裂呈现明显的晶界空洞损伤机制。

High temperature mechanical behavior of alumina dispersion strengthened copper alloy with high content of alumina

The microstructure and its effects on the high temperature mechanical behavior of Cu-2.7%Al_2O_3 （volume fraction） dispersion strengthened copper （ADSC） alloy were investigated. The results indicate that fine alumina particles are uniformly distributed in the copper matrix, while a few coarse ones are distributed on the grain boundaries. Tensile tests results show that Hall-Petch mechanism is the main contribution to the yield strength of ADSC alloy at room temperature. Its high temperature strength is attributed to the strong pinning effects of alumina particles on the grain and sub-grain boundaries with dislocations. The ultimate tensile strength can reach 237 MPa and the corresponding yield strength reaches 226 MPa at 700℃. Tensile fracture morphology indicates that the ADSC alloy shows brittleness at elevated temperatures. Creep tests results demonstrate that the steady state creep rates at 400 ℃ are lower than those at 700 ℃. The stress exponents at 400 ℃ and 700℃ are 7 and 5, respectively, and the creep strain rates of the ADSC alloy are controlled by dislocation core diffusion and lattice diffusion.

新型Cr18Ni9NbTiN奥氏体不锈钢的高温蠕变行为

采用RDL100型电子高温蠕变试验机测试了新型Cr18Ni9Nb Ti N奥氏体不锈钢在650℃不同应力下的蠕变性能。利用SEM、TEM及EDS等观察分析了220 MPa下不同蠕变阶段的组织形貌。结果表明,蠕变初期,晶内位错密度急剧增加,位错发生缠结,晶内有细小的Nb N相弥散析出;稳态蠕变阶段,位错形成网状结构,晶内有Ti N颗粒析出,链状(Cr,Fe)23C6沿晶界析出,位错网和析出的第二相共同降低了位错可动性,改善了合金抗蠕变性能;加速蠕变阶段,大量扩展位错出现,延长了蠕变寿命。Cr18Ni9Nb Ti N钢蠕变断裂属于沿晶脆性断裂,晶界处发现部分(Cr,Fe)23C6剥落,三叉晶界处发现楔形裂纹。

基于位错运动的镍基单晶各向异性蠕变寿命预测

对3种不同取向的DD6镍基单晶高温合金进行了980℃下的蠕变试验,结果表明镍基单晶高温合金蠕变失效机理是材料内部微孔洞的萌生与微裂纹的扩展,其本质是由位错运动造成的。采用透射电镜(TEM)对蠕变初期[001]、[111]和[011]3种取向的单晶合金的位错形貌进行观测,发现其分别符合八面体滑移系开动、六面体滑移系开动与两滑移系同时开动的特征。针对上述微观现象,基于晶体塑性理论建立了考虑Orowan效应与位错阻碍效应的蠕变本构模型与蠕变损伤模型,并根据试验得到的蠕变曲线拟合了模型参数。该模型的有限元模拟结果与单晶材料的蠕变断口形貌相互印证,解释了单晶蠕变的各向异性的力学行为。