Objective.To compare the effects of alfentanil and esmolol on hemodynamic and catecholamine response to tracheal intubation. Methods.Thirty five adult patients were randomly allocated to on...Objective.To compare the effects of alfentanil and esmolol on hemodynamic and catecholamine response to tracheal intubation. Methods.Thirty five adult patients were randomly allocated to one of three groups,Group A(control group),Group B(esmolol group)and Group C(alfentanil group).The patients received either 2 mg/kg esmolol(in Group B)or 30 μg/kg alfentanil(in Group C)before intubation.Tracheal intubation was performed with 4 mg/kg thiopental and 0 1 mg/kg vecuronium and 3% isoflurane.Systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),mean blood pressure(MBP),heart rate(HR),norepinephrine(NE),epinephrine(E)and dopamine(DA)were measured before and after intubation. Results.The control group had a baseline SBP of 149±23 mmHg while Groups B,C had a baseline SBP of 148±23,and 150±21mmHg,respectively(P>0 05).Three min after tracheal intubation,the control group SBP increased to 160±30 mmHg and Group B remained at the baseline level,147±5 mmHg,and Group C significantly decreased to 91±22 mmHg(P<0 01).Two min after intubation HR in Group B increased significantly but 3 min after intubation HR in Groups B and C were significantly lower than that of control group(P<0 05).NE in Groups A and B increased significantly to 5 75±3 51 and 6 75±3 30 nmol/L 3 min after intubation(P<0 01).In Group C,3 min after intubation NE was not significantly different from the baseline but E decreased significantly(P<0 01). Conclusion.2 mg/kg esmolol can moderate the hemodynamic response to tracheal intubation to a certain extent and 30μg/kg alfentanil can completely attenuate the hemodynamic and catecholamine responses.展开更多
Objective To create a close-chest model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in pigs, using the technique of balloon catheter inflation and deflation, and to report experiences and pitfalls. MethodsIn 26 minipigs, a...Objective To create a close-chest model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in pigs, using the technique of balloon catheter inflation and deflation, and to report experiences and pitfalls. MethodsIn 26 minipigs, a balloon catheter was advanced into the left descending coronary artery (LAD) via the femoral artery sheath and positioned at the midsection of LAD. LAD was occluded for 2 h and then reperfused. After 14 d, the animals were euthanized and the hearts were stained with triphenyltetrazolium chloride to identify infarct area. The causes for failure were analyzed. Results Seventeen pigs (65.38%) completed the experiment. The success rate increased from 52.94% in the initial 17 pigs to 88.89% in the last 9 pigs. The mean size of infarction was (16.4±4.1)% of the total left ventricular area. The direct cause for failure was lethal ventricular fibrillation (VF), with different underlying mechanisms according to different time of episode. Appropriate anticoagulation, well-controlled heart rate and proper size of balloon catheter were important factors for avoiding failure.Conclusion The technique of balloon inflation and deflation can be successfully used for creating the close-chest model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in pigs. This model is suitable for studies on myocardial infarction and early reperfusion, avoiding the disadvantages of open-chest models.展开更多
文摘Objective.To compare the effects of alfentanil and esmolol on hemodynamic and catecholamine response to tracheal intubation. Methods.Thirty five adult patients were randomly allocated to one of three groups,Group A(control group),Group B(esmolol group)and Group C(alfentanil group).The patients received either 2 mg/kg esmolol(in Group B)or 30 μg/kg alfentanil(in Group C)before intubation.Tracheal intubation was performed with 4 mg/kg thiopental and 0 1 mg/kg vecuronium and 3% isoflurane.Systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),mean blood pressure(MBP),heart rate(HR),norepinephrine(NE),epinephrine(E)and dopamine(DA)were measured before and after intubation. Results.The control group had a baseline SBP of 149±23 mmHg while Groups B,C had a baseline SBP of 148±23,and 150±21mmHg,respectively(P>0 05).Three min after tracheal intubation,the control group SBP increased to 160±30 mmHg and Group B remained at the baseline level,147±5 mmHg,and Group C significantly decreased to 91±22 mmHg(P<0 01).Two min after intubation HR in Group B increased significantly but 3 min after intubation HR in Groups B and C were significantly lower than that of control group(P<0 05).NE in Groups A and B increased significantly to 5 75±3 51 and 6 75±3 30 nmol/L 3 min after intubation(P<0 01).In Group C,3 min after intubation NE was not significantly different from the baseline but E decreased significantly(P<0 01). Conclusion.2 mg/kg esmolol can moderate the hemodynamic response to tracheal intubation to a certain extent and 30μg/kg alfentanil can completely attenuate the hemodynamic and catecholamine responses.
文摘Objective To create a close-chest model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in pigs, using the technique of balloon catheter inflation and deflation, and to report experiences and pitfalls. MethodsIn 26 minipigs, a balloon catheter was advanced into the left descending coronary artery (LAD) via the femoral artery sheath and positioned at the midsection of LAD. LAD was occluded for 2 h and then reperfused. After 14 d, the animals were euthanized and the hearts were stained with triphenyltetrazolium chloride to identify infarct area. The causes for failure were analyzed. Results Seventeen pigs (65.38%) completed the experiment. The success rate increased from 52.94% in the initial 17 pigs to 88.89% in the last 9 pigs. The mean size of infarction was (16.4±4.1)% of the total left ventricular area. The direct cause for failure was lethal ventricular fibrillation (VF), with different underlying mechanisms according to different time of episode. Appropriate anticoagulation, well-controlled heart rate and proper size of balloon catheter were important factors for avoiding failure.Conclusion The technique of balloon inflation and deflation can be successfully used for creating the close-chest model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in pigs. This model is suitable for studies on myocardial infarction and early reperfusion, avoiding the disadvantages of open-chest models.
