饲粮添加油脂和金荞麦对肉鸡产肉性能、脏器指数、肠道发育和血液免疫细胞的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮添加油脂和金荞麦对肉仔鸡产肉性能、脏器指数、肠道发育和血液免疫细胞的影响。试验选用1日龄健康、体重相近的882肉仔鸡公鸡640只,随机分为8组,每组8个重复,每个重复10只鸡。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ组分别为在基础日粮中添加氧化油脂、氧化油脂+0.5%金荞麦、氧化油脂+1%金荞麦、氧化油脂+2%金荞麦、新鲜油脂、新鲜油脂+0.5%金荞麦、新鲜油脂+1%金荞麦和新鲜油脂+2%金荞麦。试验期为42 d。结果显示:(1)油脂类型对肉鸡腿肌重有显著影响(P<0.05),Ⅷ组腿肌重显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05);(2)油脂类型对肉鸡法氏囊指数有显著影响(P<0.05),金荞麦添加量对肉鸡脾脏指数、法氏囊指数有显著影响(P<0.05),Ⅳ、Ⅷ组肉鸡脾脏指数显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅴ组(P<0.05);(3)油脂类型对肉鸡空肠长度有显著影响(P<0.05),油脂类型与金荞麦添加量对空肠长度有显著交互作用(P<0.05),Ⅵ、Ⅶ组肉鸡空肠长度显著大于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P<0.05);(4)油脂类型对肉鸡淋巴细胞数量有显著影响(P<0.05),Ⅷ组肉鸡淋巴细胞数量显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮添加新鲜油脂和2%金荞麦可促进肉仔鸡腿肌、脾脏和法氏囊的生长,增加淋巴细胞数量,改善肉鸡产肉性能和器官发育。

流式细胞术分析血液淋巴细胞免疫表型方法学因素对实验结果的影响

目的探讨流式细胞术(FCM)分析血液淋巴细胞免疫表型方法学因素对实验结果的影响。方法以FCM分析血液淋巴细胞免疫表型,分析不同时间测定淋巴细胞、单核细胞与中性粒细胞表面白细胞共同抗原含量,不同设门方法测定淋巴细胞百分比,不同染色方法分析淋巴细胞免疫表型差异,找出影响实验结果的相关因素。结果血液标本放置1 h、6 h、8 h后淋巴细胞白细胞共同抗原含量对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);血液标本放置1 h、6 h、8 h后单核细胞、中性粒细胞白细胞共同抗原含量对比,差异显著(P<0.05);散射光设门、荧光/散射光设门、三色荧光/侧向角散射光测定的GL、TL对比,差异显著(P<0.05);单色、双色、三色法分析T淋巴细胞、B淋巴细胞、NK细胞及T+B+NK细胞对比,差异显著(P<0.05)。结论FCM分析血液淋巴细胞免疫表型实验结果受标本放置时间、淋巴细胞设门方法与染色方法影响,临床需选取最佳检测时间、淋巴细胞设门方法与染色方法,以提高分析结果准确性。

日粮中添加不同水平的黄芪多糖对獭兔免疫力的影响

为研究日粮中添加不同水平的黄芪多糖对獭兔免疫力的影响,试验选取50日龄、健康、体重相近的青年獭兔64只,随机分为4个组,每组16只,公母各半,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1~3组在饲喂基础日粮的基础上分别添加0. 10%、0. 15%、0. 20%的黄芪多糖,试验獭兔常规饲养管理及免疫,试验期28 d,第7,14,21,28采血清检测兔瘟抗体水平,第28天检测血液免疫细胞数、血清免疫球蛋白(Ig)含量。结果表明:试验1组血液免疫细胞数量除淋巴细胞数略高于对照组外,其他均低于对照组,但差异不显著(P>0. 05);试验2,3组免疫细胞数量除中性粒细胞外均高于对照组,但差异均不显著(P>0. 05)。试验1组除IgM含量与对照组相比稍有下降外,Ig G、Ig A含量均比对照组高,但差异不显著(P>0. 05);试验2,3组IgG、IgM、Ig A含量均高于对照组,且IgM、IgA含量与对照组相比差异显著(P<0. 05)。与对照组相比,免疫后试验1~3组兔瘟HI抗体效价上升速度快,高峰维持水平高,其中试验2,3组獭兔免疫两周后,效价均超过10. 0,达到高保护状态。说明日粮中添加黄芪多糖可以显著提高獭兔免疫水平,改善獭兔健康状态,适宜添加量为0. 15%~0. 20%。

The function of T-lymphocyte subtypes of blood in patients with hyper-IgE syndrome

Objective: To study the function in cellular immunity of patients with hyper-IgE syndrome (HIE). Methods: T-lymphocyte subtypes of the peripheral blood and cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to two recall antigens, tetanus toxoid (TT) and purified protein derivative(PPD), were measured in 5 patients with HIE and 15 healthy controls, respectively. Results: The CD4 + cell counts in HIE group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). In contrast, CD8 + cells were significantly higher in HIE group than those in the controls. The induration sizes of DTH to two recall antigens were smaller in HIE group than those in controls (P<0.01). Conclusion: There is an immunologic dysfunction of T lymphocytes in the patients with HIE and T cells play an important role in the pathogenesis.

The immunophenotypic changes and clinical effectiveness after treatment of cancer patients with infusion of human peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated by anti-CD28 and anti-CD80 monoclonal antibodies in combination with radiotherapy and chemotherapy

To investigate the changes on the immunopbenotypes and the clinical effects of treatment of the late cancer patients with infusion of human peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated by anti-CD28 and anti-CD80 monoclonal antibodies in combination with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, 42 patients with late cancers were collected for study, among which 22 patients were treated with infusion of stimulated lymphocytes in combination with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The immunological treatment procedure was given twice per week, and one course of treatment consisted of 8 times of giving infusion of lymphocytes. Another 20 patients were selected for control group, in which only radiotherapy and chemotherapy were given without lymphocyte infusions. Flow cytometry was used to examine the immunophenotypes and the clinical symptoms were observed before and after treatments. It was found that the numbers of the CD3^ ＋ , CD4^＋ cells increased, while those of the CD8 ^＋ cells decreased, with an increase of CD4/CD8 radios, but no significant difference existed in case of 22 patients treated with lymphocyte infusion as well as with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Fifteen patients out of these 22 cases （68.18%）, the immunophenotypes changed obviously with increased numbers of CD3^ ＋ , CD4^ ＋ cells in comparison with those before treatment, and the number of CD95^ ＋ cells was increased after treatment. The PS value in this group of patients decreased after treatment. In comparison with 20 cases in the control group, the immunophenotypes showed no differences before and after treatment. While the PS value decreased obviously. Seven out of the 22 cases （31.83 % ） treated with lymphocyte infusions as well as with radiotherapy and chemotherapy illustrated no major changes in their i mmunophenotypes, compared with the situation before treatment, but the PS value also decreased. In case of treatment with lymphocyte infusions in combination with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the alteration of phenotypes was reversely correlated with the changes of clinical grades. Although there were 7 cases showing no major alterations of the immunological phenotypes, but their correlation was still evident. In the control group, neither alteration of immunophenotypes nor changes in clinical grades was found. It is concluded that immunotherapy in combination with radiotherapy and chemotherapy can relieve the side effects induced by radiotherapy and chemotherapy and also enhance the therapeutic efforts.

Establishing guidelines for CAR-T cells： challenges and considerations

T cells, genetically modified by chimeric antigen receptors(CAR-T), are endowed with specificity to a desired antigen and are cytotoxic to cells expressing the targeted antigen. CAR-T-based cancer immunotherapy is a promising therapy for curing hematological malignancy, such as acute lymphoid leukemia, and is promising for extending their efficacy to defeat solid tumors. To date, dozens of different CAR-T cells have been evaluated in clinical trials to treat tumors; this necessitates the establishment of guidelines for the production and application of CAR-T cells. However, it is challenging to standardize CAR-T cancer therapy because it involves a combination of gene therapy and cell therapy. In this review, we compare the existing guidelines for CAR-T cells and discuss the challenges and considerations for establishing guidance for CAR-T-based cancer immunotherapy.

Polymer-mediated immunocamouflage of red blood cells: Effects of polymer size on antigenic and immunogenic recognition of allogeneic donor blood cells

Developing a practical means of reducing alloimmunization in chronically transfused patients would be of significant clinical benefit. Immunocamouflaging red blood ceils （RBCs） by membrane grafting of methoxypoly（ethylene glycol） （mPEG） may reduce the risk of allo-immunization. The results of this study showed that antibody recognition of non-ABO antigens was sig- nificantly reduced in an mPEG-dose- and polymer size-dependent manner, with higher molecular weight mPEGs providing better immunoprotection. Furthermore, in vivo immunogenicity was significantly reduced in mice serially transfused with mPEG-modified xenogeneic （sheep; sRBCs）, allogeneic （C57B1/6）, or syngeneic （Balb/c） RBCs. Following a primary transfu- sion of sRBCs, mice receiving mPEG-sRBCs showed a 〉90% reduction in anti-sRBC IgG antibody levels. After two transfusions, mice receiving mPEG-sRBCs showed reductions of 〉80% in anti-sRBC IgG levels. Importantly, mPEG-modified autologous cells did not induce neoantigens or an immune （IgG or IgM） response. These data suggest that the global immuno- camouflage of RBCs by polymer grafting may provide a safe and cost-effective means of reducing therisk of alloimmunization.