A 3D ultrasound thermal model with a 3D finite element representation for modeling the thermal diffusion effects for hepatic ablation induced by spherical-section ultrasound phased array was developed. The model was f...A 3D ultrasound thermal model with a 3D finite element representation for modeling the thermal diffusion effects for hepatic ablation induced by spherical-section ultrasound phased array was developed. The model was first validated against available published measured data in rat liver. Using the validated model,effects of blood perfusion and heating schemes on lesion formation were studied for both single focus and split-focus intensity patterns. It was shown that for single focus sonication pattern the short-duration(～2 s) and high-intensity(～1250 W/cm2) heating scheme can completely reduce the cooling effect of the blood perfusion. The lesion shape and size were significantly altered by perfusion for split-focus pattern even with a rapid heating scheme when the focus spacing was larger than 2.4 mm. Underdosed areas might be present between two foci. Prolonging ex-posure time or shortening focus spacing can reduce the cool region between two foci. In addition,the influences of thermal and acoustic parameters were also studied. When the therapy depth is short(<5 cm) ,the lesion size monotonically increases with increasing attenuation coefficient that ranges from 5.4 to 11 Np/(m?MHz) .展开更多
目的摸索血站型去白细胞过滤器的最佳使用条件以提升去除白细胞红细胞(简称去白红细胞)的质量。方法收集解放军广州血液中心2018年10—12月采集的无偿献血者全血120袋(400 mL/袋),分成25℃贮存0.5 h及4℃贮存2、4、8、24和48 h 6组(20袋...目的摸索血站型去白细胞过滤器的最佳使用条件以提升去除白细胞红细胞(简称去白红细胞)的质量。方法收集解放军广州血液中心2018年10—12月采集的无偿献血者全血120袋(400 mL/袋),分成25℃贮存0.5 h及4℃贮存2、4、8、24和48 h 6组(20袋/组),采用1款国产血站型去白过滤器(全血专用)滤除各组白细胞,同时记录各组去白过滤用时,并分别收集各组(份)过滤前后的血样(1 mL/袋),以全自动血细胞分析仪检测其血常规,用以析出该款血站型去白过滤器适宜的使用条件。结果 1)过滤白细胞用时(min):25℃贮存0.5 h组为4.54±0.64,4℃贮存2—48 h 5组分别为6.04±0.69、7.04±1.13、8.02±1.42、8.48±2.12和9.27±2.07,除4℃贮存24与48 h组的用时相近外,其他各组(包括它们与最后2组)用时的差异较大(P<0.05)。2)白细胞去除率(%):25℃贮存0.5 h组为76.19±5.54,明显低于各4℃贮存组(P<0.05);4℃贮存4 h组达到99.74±0.69,4℃贮存8、24、48 h 3组则与之接近(P>0.05)。3)红细胞及Hb、Hct损失率(%):25℃贮存0.5 h组为1.66±1.04,4℃贮存2—48 h 5组分别为2.18±1.95、2.97±2.52、5.39±2.95、5.49±7.80和6.65±6.63,其中以4℃贮存4 h组为界,其损失率与4℃贮存2 h、25℃贮存0.5 h组相差不大(P>0.05),而明显小于4℃贮存8—48 h 3组的损失率(P<0.05);Hb和Hct损失率的变化规律与RBC相似。4)血小板及血小板比容(Pct)损失率(%):除4℃贮存48 h组的血小板损失率79.69±10.49明显低于其他各组(85%左右)(P<0.05)外,其他各组没有出现随着贮存温度变化、贮存时间的延长而发生明显变化(P>0.05),Pct损失率变化也呈现与血小板一样的规律。结论通过对采集后贮存以不同温度、时间的全血的去白处理,可以确定去白滤器的最佳应用条件、制备质量更优的去除白细胞红细胞。展开更多
Heat stress affects feed intake, milk production, and endocrine status in dairy cows. The temperaturehumidity index（THI） is employed as an index to evaluate the degree of heat stress in dairy cows. However, it is di...Heat stress affects feed intake, milk production, and endocrine status in dairy cows. The temperaturehumidity index（THI） is employed as an index to evaluate the degree of heat stress in dairy cows. However, it is difficult to ascertain whether THI is the most appropriate measurement of heat stress in dairy cows. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of heat stress on serum insulin, adipokines（leptin and adiponectin）, AMP-activated protein kinase（AMPK）, and heat shock signal molecules（heat shock transcription factor（HSF） and heat shock proteins（HSP）） in dairy cows and to research biomarkers to be used for better understanding the meaning of THI as a bioclimatic index. To achieve these objectives, two experiments were performed. The first experiment： eighteen lactating Holstein dairy cows were used. The treatments were： heat stress（HS, THI average=81.7, n=9） and cooling（CL, THI average=53.4, n=9）. Samples of HS were obtained on August 16, 2013, and samples of CL were collected on April 7, 2014 in natural conditions. The second experiment： HS treatment cows（n=9） from the first experiment were fed for 8 weeks from August 16, 2013 to October 12, 2013. Samples for moderate heat stress, mild heat stress, and no heat stress were obtained, respectively, according to the physical alterations of the THI. Results showed that heat stress significantly increased the serum adiponectin, AMPK, HSF, HSP27, HSP70, and HSP90（P〈0.05）. Adiponectin is strongly associated with AMPK. The increases of adiponectin and AMPK may be one of the mechanisms to maintain homeostasis in heat-stressed dairy cows. When heat stress treatment lasted 8 weeks, a higher expression of HSF and HSP70 was observed under moderate heat stress. Serum HSF and HSP70 are sensitive and accurate in heat stress and they could be potential indicators of animal response to heat stress. We recommend serum HSF and HSP70 as meaningful biomarkers to supplement the THI and evaluate moderate heat stress in dairy cows in the future.展开更多
Objective: To study the mechanism and effects of different scraping techniques on body surface blood perfusion volume and local skin temperature of healthy subjects and to provide a baseline for microcirculation and e...Objective: To study the mechanism and effects of different scraping techniques on body surface blood perfusion volume and local skin temperature of healthy subjects and to provide a baseline for microcirculation and energy metabolism for the evaluation of the therapeutic effects of scraping. Methods: Changes of the local blood perfusion volume and skin temperature of healthy subjects before and after applying different scraping techniques were observed with a laser Doppler imager combined with an infrared thermographic device and the resulting data was analyzed with imaging and processing software for statistical analysis. Results: Local blood perfusion volume and skin temperature all increased after both reinforcing and reducing scraping techniques. The value of blood flow 60 and 90 min after the reducing technique was significantly higher than that after the reinforcing technique (P<0.01), while the skin temperature increased after both techniques but was not significantly different between the two (P>0.05). Conclusion: Scraping can significantly improve the local blood perfusion volume, increase skin temperature and promote local blood circulation and metabolism of tissues.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of heated moxa sticks( "moxibustion") and Daiwenjiu ointment(DO) on changes in temperature and blood perfusion volume on the skin of the backs of healthy subjects.METH...OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of heated moxa sticks( "moxibustion") and Daiwenjiu ointment(DO) on changes in temperature and blood perfusion volume on the skin of the backs of healthy subjects.METHODS: DO was spread on the left side of the body, and the right side of the body was treated with a heated moxa stick. Images denoting blood perfusion and body temperature were collected 7-8 cm lateral to the spinous process of the sixth thoracic vertebra using laser speckle contrast imaging(LSCI). Data obtained from eight-frame images were analyzed and used to calculate the mean blood perfusion volume. Simultaneously,blood-perfusion images were collected from the body surface and used to compare the change in blood flow on the body surface and the actual position of imaging.RESULTS: After moxibustion, a rapid increase in blood perfusion volume and body temperature was noted in the local skin surface. The maximum blood perfusion volume and body temperature was noted at 20 min(P<0.05). At 80-110 min after the spreading of DO, a gradual increase was noted in blood perfusion volume(P<0.05) and body temperature(P<0.05) compared with the baseline level. The maximum blood perfusion volume was at 110 min.CONCLUSION: Using LSCI, these data revealed a rapid and sharp increase in blood perfusion volume and body temperature after treatment with moxibustion, but the respective changes seen in the DO group were gradual and moderate.展开更多
Blinking is regarded as the continuous interrupted eyelid closure or opening and its thermal effect will compromise between these two. During a blink, the heat loss via convection, radiation and tear evaporation from ...Blinking is regarded as the continuous interrupted eyelid closure or opening and its thermal effect will compromise between these two. During a blink, the heat loss via convection, radiation and tear evaporation from cornea is prevented, warm tear is lay- ered across corneal surface and the vessels of the palpebral conjunctiva provide heat to anterior eye. In most of the thermal models in human eye that are found in literatures, effect of blinking is not included, simulation is carried out only in open eye. Thus, in this paper, thermal effects of blinking are investigated using one-dimensional finite element method in transient state case. The bio-heat transfer process is simulated during different blinking rates, lid closure and opening. The simulation is carried out using normal and extreme values of ambient temperatures, blood temperatures, evaporation rates, blood perfusion rates, and lens thermal conduetivities. Blinking is found to increase corneal and lens temperature by 1.29℃ and 0.78℃ respectively when compared to open eye. The results obtained from this model are useful in predicting temperature distribution in different laser eye surgeries, hyperthermia and cryosurgery treatment of eyelid carci- noma, choroidal melanoma and can be used for diagnosing temperature-related diseases.展开更多
基金Project (No. 2003CB716103) supported by the National Basic Research Program (973) of China
文摘A 3D ultrasound thermal model with a 3D finite element representation for modeling the thermal diffusion effects for hepatic ablation induced by spherical-section ultrasound phased array was developed. The model was first validated against available published measured data in rat liver. Using the validated model,effects of blood perfusion and heating schemes on lesion formation were studied for both single focus and split-focus intensity patterns. It was shown that for single focus sonication pattern the short-duration(～2 s) and high-intensity(～1250 W/cm2) heating scheme can completely reduce the cooling effect of the blood perfusion. The lesion shape and size were significantly altered by perfusion for split-focus pattern even with a rapid heating scheme when the focus spacing was larger than 2.4 mm. Underdosed areas might be present between two foci. Prolonging ex-posure time or shortening focus spacing can reduce the cool region between two foci. In addition,the influences of thermal and acoustic parameters were also studied. When the therapy depth is short(<5 cm) ,the lesion size monotonically increases with increasing attenuation coefficient that ranges from 5.4 to 11 Np/(m?MHz) .
文摘目的摸索血站型去白细胞过滤器的最佳使用条件以提升去除白细胞红细胞(简称去白红细胞)的质量。方法收集解放军广州血液中心2018年10—12月采集的无偿献血者全血120袋(400 mL/袋),分成25℃贮存0.5 h及4℃贮存2、4、8、24和48 h 6组(20袋/组),采用1款国产血站型去白过滤器(全血专用)滤除各组白细胞,同时记录各组去白过滤用时,并分别收集各组(份)过滤前后的血样(1 mL/袋),以全自动血细胞分析仪检测其血常规,用以析出该款血站型去白过滤器适宜的使用条件。结果 1)过滤白细胞用时(min):25℃贮存0.5 h组为4.54±0.64,4℃贮存2—48 h 5组分别为6.04±0.69、7.04±1.13、8.02±1.42、8.48±2.12和9.27±2.07,除4℃贮存24与48 h组的用时相近外,其他各组(包括它们与最后2组)用时的差异较大(P<0.05)。2)白细胞去除率(%):25℃贮存0.5 h组为76.19±5.54,明显低于各4℃贮存组(P<0.05);4℃贮存4 h组达到99.74±0.69,4℃贮存8、24、48 h 3组则与之接近(P>0.05)。3)红细胞及Hb、Hct损失率(%):25℃贮存0.5 h组为1.66±1.04,4℃贮存2—48 h 5组分别为2.18±1.95、2.97±2.52、5.39±2.95、5.49±7.80和6.65±6.63,其中以4℃贮存4 h组为界,其损失率与4℃贮存2 h、25℃贮存0.5 h组相差不大(P>0.05),而明显小于4℃贮存8—48 h 3组的损失率(P<0.05);Hb和Hct损失率的变化规律与RBC相似。4)血小板及血小板比容(Pct)损失率(%):除4℃贮存48 h组的血小板损失率79.69±10.49明显低于其他各组(85%左右)(P<0.05)外,其他各组没有出现随着贮存温度变化、贮存时间的延长而发生明显变化(P>0.05),Pct损失率变化也呈现与血小板一样的规律。结论通过对采集后贮存以不同温度、时间的全血的去白处理,可以确定去白滤器的最佳应用条件、制备质量更优的去除白细胞红细胞。
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program(973)of China(No.2011CB100805)the Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System of China(No.nycytx-04-01)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(No.ASTIP-IAS12),China
文摘Heat stress affects feed intake, milk production, and endocrine status in dairy cows. The temperaturehumidity index（THI） is employed as an index to evaluate the degree of heat stress in dairy cows. However, it is difficult to ascertain whether THI is the most appropriate measurement of heat stress in dairy cows. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of heat stress on serum insulin, adipokines（leptin and adiponectin）, AMP-activated protein kinase（AMPK）, and heat shock signal molecules（heat shock transcription factor（HSF） and heat shock proteins（HSP）） in dairy cows and to research biomarkers to be used for better understanding the meaning of THI as a bioclimatic index. To achieve these objectives, two experiments were performed. The first experiment： eighteen lactating Holstein dairy cows were used. The treatments were： heat stress（HS, THI average=81.7, n=9） and cooling（CL, THI average=53.4, n=9）. Samples of HS were obtained on August 16, 2013, and samples of CL were collected on April 7, 2014 in natural conditions. The second experiment： HS treatment cows（n=9） from the first experiment were fed for 8 weeks from August 16, 2013 to October 12, 2013. Samples for moderate heat stress, mild heat stress, and no heat stress were obtained, respectively, according to the physical alterations of the THI. Results showed that heat stress significantly increased the serum adiponectin, AMPK, HSF, HSP27, HSP70, and HSP90（P〈0.05）. Adiponectin is strongly associated with AMPK. The increases of adiponectin and AMPK may be one of the mechanisms to maintain homeostasis in heat-stressed dairy cows. When heat stress treatment lasted 8 weeks, a higher expression of HSF and HSP70 was observed under moderate heat stress. Serum HSF and HSP70 are sensitive and accurate in heat stress and they could be potential indicators of animal response to heat stress. We recommend serum HSF and HSP70 as meaningful biomarkers to supplement the THI and evaluate moderate heat stress in dairy cows in the future.
基金supported by a national Natural Science Foundation awarded project (81173346):Research of biological efficacy and mechanism on different techniques of scraping therapy
文摘Objective: To study the mechanism and effects of different scraping techniques on body surface blood perfusion volume and local skin temperature of healthy subjects and to provide a baseline for microcirculation and energy metabolism for the evaluation of the therapeutic effects of scraping. Methods: Changes of the local blood perfusion volume and skin temperature of healthy subjects before and after applying different scraping techniques were observed with a laser Doppler imager combined with an infrared thermographic device and the resulting data was analyzed with imaging and processing software for statistical analysis. Results: Local blood perfusion volume and skin temperature all increased after both reinforcing and reducing scraping techniques. The value of blood flow 60 and 90 min after the reducing technique was significantly higher than that after the reinforcing technique (P<0.01), while the skin temperature increased after both techniques but was not significantly different between the two (P>0.05). Conclusion: Scraping can significantly improve the local blood perfusion volume, increase skin temperature and promote local blood circulation and metabolism of tissues.
基金Supported by Study on the Biological Effect and Mechanism of Different Methods Guasha of National Natural Science Foundation(No.81173346)Research of Sensitization and Quantification of Thermo-sensitive Acupoint and its Mechanism from Youth Science Fund Project(No.81102649)External Treatment Of TCM Characteristic Treatment and External Treatment Technology Demonstration Research of the Eleventh Five-Year National Science&Technology Supporting Program(No.2008BAI53B063)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of heated moxa sticks( "moxibustion") and Daiwenjiu ointment(DO) on changes in temperature and blood perfusion volume on the skin of the backs of healthy subjects.METHODS: DO was spread on the left side of the body, and the right side of the body was treated with a heated moxa stick. Images denoting blood perfusion and body temperature were collected 7-8 cm lateral to the spinous process of the sixth thoracic vertebra using laser speckle contrast imaging(LSCI). Data obtained from eight-frame images were analyzed and used to calculate the mean blood perfusion volume. Simultaneously,blood-perfusion images were collected from the body surface and used to compare the change in blood flow on the body surface and the actual position of imaging.RESULTS: After moxibustion, a rapid increase in blood perfusion volume and body temperature was noted in the local skin surface. The maximum blood perfusion volume and body temperature was noted at 20 min(P<0.05). At 80-110 min after the spreading of DO, a gradual increase was noted in blood perfusion volume(P<0.05) and body temperature(P<0.05) compared with the baseline level. The maximum blood perfusion volume was at 110 min.CONCLUSION: Using LSCI, these data revealed a rapid and sharp increase in blood perfusion volume and body temperature after treatment with moxibustion, but the respective changes seen in the DO group were gradual and moderate.
文摘Blinking is regarded as the continuous interrupted eyelid closure or opening and its thermal effect will compromise between these two. During a blink, the heat loss via convection, radiation and tear evaporation from cornea is prevented, warm tear is lay- ered across corneal surface and the vessels of the palpebral conjunctiva provide heat to anterior eye. In most of the thermal models in human eye that are found in literatures, effect of blinking is not included, simulation is carried out only in open eye. Thus, in this paper, thermal effects of blinking are investigated using one-dimensional finite element method in transient state case. The bio-heat transfer process is simulated during different blinking rates, lid closure and opening. The simulation is carried out using normal and extreme values of ambient temperatures, blood temperatures, evaporation rates, blood perfusion rates, and lens thermal conduetivities. Blinking is found to increase corneal and lens temperature by 1.29℃ and 0.78℃ respectively when compared to open eye. The results obtained from this model are useful in predicting temperature distribution in different laser eye surgeries, hyperthermia and cryosurgery treatment of eyelid carci- noma, choroidal melanoma and can be used for diagnosing temperature-related diseases.
