Objective This study aims to investigate the etiological relationship among hepatitis B virus （HBV）, hepatitis C virus （HCV）, and alcohol as risk factors in a cohort of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） patients fr...Objective This study aims to investigate the etiological relationship among hepatitis B virus （HBV）, hepatitis C virus （HCV）, and alcohol as risk factors in a cohort of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） patients from India. The clinical and biochemical profiles and tumor characteristics in the HCC cases were also evaluated. Methods A total of 357 consecutive cases of HCC fulfilling the diagnostic criteria from the Barcelona-2000 EASL conference were included in the study. The blood samples were evaluated for serological evidence of HBV and HCV infection, viral load, and genotypes using serological tests, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results The male/female ratio for the HCC cases was 5.87：1. Majority of the HCC patients （33.9%） were 50 to 59 years of age, with a mean age of 4±13.23 years. More than half the cases （60.8%） had underlying cirrhosis at presentation. Among the HCC patients, 68.9% were HBV related, 21.3% were HCV related, 18.8%, were alcoholic, and 18.2% were of cryptogenic origin. The presence of any marker positive for HBV increased the risk for developing HCC by almost 27 times [OR： 27.33; （12.87-60.0）]. An increased risk of 10.6 times was observed for HCC development for cases positive for ally HCV marker [OR： 10.55; （3.13-42.73）]. Heavy alcohol consumption along with HCV RNA positivity in cirrhotic patients was found to be a risk for developing HCC by 3 folds ]OR： 3.17; （0.37-70.71）]. Conclusions Patients of chronic HBV infection followed by chronic HCV infection were at higher risk of developing HCC in India. Chronic alcohol consumption was found to be a risk factor in cirrhotic cases only when it was associated with HCV RNA positivity. Most of the patients had a large tumor size （〉5 cm） with multiple liver nodules, indicating an advanced stage of the disease thus making curative therapies difficult.展开更多
Twenty five serotypes of Bluetongue virus (BTV) have been identified worldwide. Rapid and reliable methods of virus universal detection are essential for fighting against bluetongue (BT). We have therefore developed a...Twenty five serotypes of Bluetongue virus (BTV) have been identified worldwide. Rapid and reliable methods of virus universal detection are essential for fighting against bluetongue (BT). We have therefore developed and evaluated a pair of primers which can detect various serotypes of BTV by RT-PCR. Analysis of the viral protein 7 (VP7) and the non-structural protein (NS1) gene from different serotypes of BTV by DNAstar showed that the 5' end of the NS1 gene is the most conserved region. The primer pairs (P1 and P2) were designed based on the highly conserved region of NS1. The novel primers were evaluated by detecting BTV serotypes 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 11, 21 and 22. The specificity of the primers was estimated by comparing to gene sequences of viruses published in GenBank, and further assessed by detecting BTV serotype 1-12 and Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) serotype 1-4. The sensitivity and repeatability of PCR with the novel primers were evaluated by successfully detecting the recombinant plasmid pGEM-T121 containing the diagnosed nucleotide sequence. Our results suggest that these unique primers can be used in high throughout and universal detection of the NS1 gene from various BTV serotypes.展开更多
文摘Objective This study aims to investigate the etiological relationship among hepatitis B virus （HBV）, hepatitis C virus （HCV）, and alcohol as risk factors in a cohort of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） patients from India. The clinical and biochemical profiles and tumor characteristics in the HCC cases were also evaluated. Methods A total of 357 consecutive cases of HCC fulfilling the diagnostic criteria from the Barcelona-2000 EASL conference were included in the study. The blood samples were evaluated for serological evidence of HBV and HCV infection, viral load, and genotypes using serological tests, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results The male/female ratio for the HCC cases was 5.87：1. Majority of the HCC patients （33.9%） were 50 to 59 years of age, with a mean age of 4±13.23 years. More than half the cases （60.8%） had underlying cirrhosis at presentation. Among the HCC patients, 68.9% were HBV related, 21.3% were HCV related, 18.8%, were alcoholic, and 18.2% were of cryptogenic origin. The presence of any marker positive for HBV increased the risk for developing HCC by almost 27 times [OR： 27.33; （12.87-60.0）]. An increased risk of 10.6 times was observed for HCC development for cases positive for ally HCV marker [OR： 10.55; （3.13-42.73）]. Heavy alcohol consumption along with HCV RNA positivity in cirrhotic patients was found to be a risk for developing HCC by 3 folds ]OR： 3.17; （0.37-70.71）]. Conclusions Patients of chronic HBV infection followed by chronic HCV infection were at higher risk of developing HCC in India. Chronic alcohol consumption was found to be a risk factor in cirrhotic cases only when it was associated with HCV RNA positivity. Most of the patients had a large tumor size （〉5 cm） with multiple liver nodules, indicating an advanced stage of the disease thus making curative therapies difficult.
基金Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China (2006AA10Z446)
文摘Twenty five serotypes of Bluetongue virus (BTV) have been identified worldwide. Rapid and reliable methods of virus universal detection are essential for fighting against bluetongue (BT). We have therefore developed and evaluated a pair of primers which can detect various serotypes of BTV by RT-PCR. Analysis of the viral protein 7 (VP7) and the non-structural protein (NS1) gene from different serotypes of BTV by DNAstar showed that the 5' end of the NS1 gene is the most conserved region. The primer pairs (P1 and P2) were designed based on the highly conserved region of NS1. The novel primers were evaluated by detecting BTV serotypes 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 11, 21 and 22. The specificity of the primers was estimated by comparing to gene sequences of viruses published in GenBank, and further assessed by detecting BTV serotype 1-12 and Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) serotype 1-4. The sensitivity and repeatability of PCR with the novel primers were evaluated by successfully detecting the recombinant plasmid pGEM-T121 containing the diagnosed nucleotide sequence. Our results suggest that these unique primers can be used in high throughout and universal detection of the NS1 gene from various BTV serotypes.
