外周血间充质干细胞移植防治兔血管成形术后再狭窄的探讨

目的探讨外周血间充质干细胞(MSCs)移植对模型兔颈动脉血管成形术后再狭窄的防治作用。方法新西兰大白兔65只,5只作为产生MSCs的种兔,60只随机分为MSCs移植组和对照组,每组30只,术后7、14、28天处死兔,取颈动脉血管标本通过Weiger弹力纤维染色及免疫组织化学染色进行形态学分析、内皮化程度分析、归巢MSCs的鉴定和分化跟踪等。结果 MSCs移植组术后7、14、28天内膜面积、内膜面积/中膜面积及再狭窄率明显低于对照组(P<0.01):内皮化程度分忻显示,MSCs移植组明显优于对照组(P<0.01)。MSCs移植组术后7、14、28天血管组织中有绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)阳性细胞分布,且部分细胞同时为GFP和CD31阳性,但在未损伤血管及对照组则无。结论静脉移植外周血MSCs能促进模型兔颈动脉球囊成形术后损伤血管的快速内皮化,抑制内膜增生和减少术后再狭窄:这一有益作用可能与MSCs归巢到损伤血管局部并部分分化为内皮细胞有关。

老年冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉内血管成形术和冠状动脉支架治疗

老年冠心病人随着社会的老龄化而不断增加 ,这是一组有着特殊临床病理生理的人群 ,在选择介入治疗时应当充分考虑年龄、合并的慢性疾病、心功能状态、病变局部的解剖以及能否进行完全性血运重建等因素。老年冠心病人的介入治疗同样可以获得理想的成功率。严格的病例选择标准是减少术后并发症的关键。

激光血管成形术后再狭窄与平滑肌细胞增殖

为探讨激光血管成形术后再狭窄的机理，将新西兰兔随机分为正常对照（Ｎ）组、动脉粥样硬化（ＡＳ）组和激光血管成形术（ＬＡ）组。首先建立ＡＳ模型和ＬＡ，术后不同时间取腹主动脉做组织形态学、细胞生物学检查。结果发现，ＬＡ后再狭窄与血管热损伤后动脉中层平滑肌细胞（ＳＭＣ）向内膜下迁移并异常增生有关，导致新生内膜形成、内膜增厚和血管再狭窄发生。

中西药结合血管内支架成形术治疗症状性大脑中动脉狭窄

目的探讨中西药结合血管内支架成形术治疗症状性大脑中动脉狭窄的应用。方法在中西药结合治疗基础上,对临床诊断分水岭脑梗死15例和短暂性脑缺血发作10例患者行全脑血管造影术,发现大脑中动脉M1段存在不同程度狭窄,对狭窄段大脑中动脉行颅内支架成形术。结果25例大脑中动脉支架成形术均获得成功。大脑中动脉M1段平均直径狭窄程度从90.8%降至10%～20%(P<0.01)。术后随访6个月,所有患者均无脑缺血事件发生。结论采用中西药结合血管内支架成形术治疗症状性大脑中动脉狭窄可行。

长期服用华法林冠心病患者冠状动脉介入治疗围术期抗栓策略的探讨

目的探讨长期服用华法林冠心病患者接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)围术期的抗栓策略,评价其安全性及近期疗效。方法分析2002年1月-2007年12月在沈阳军区总医院住院的76例长期服用华法林不稳定型心绞痛患者行PCI的临床资料。服用华法林的原因为:心脏金属瓣膜置换术51例(67.1%),半年内的肺栓塞6例(7.9%),永久性房颤伴血栓高危因素19例(25%)。PCI术前停华法林用常规剂量低分子肝素(LMWH)替代,当国际标准化比率(INR)≤1.3时行PCI。术后在应用小剂量阿司匹林(ASA)100mg/d及氯吡格雷75mg/d的基础上联用LMWH,并恢复华法林,INR达到1.8以上停用LMWH,调整华法林用量使INR维持在1.8～2.3之间,1个月后停用氯吡格雷,继续用ASA(75～100mg/d),华法林恢复至支架术前剂量。观察住院期间缺血事件、主要不良心脏事件(MACE)、支架内亚急性血栓形成(SAT)及出血的发生率。结果出血事件5.3%(4/76),其中次要出血1例1.3%(1/76),MACE发生率1.3%(1/76),未因调整抗栓治疗方案而发生主要出血及SAT。结论长期服用华法林的冠心病患者接受PCI术前用LMWH替代华法林,术后短时间内联用小剂量ASA、氯吡格雷、LMWH及华法林,根据INR精确调整华法林剂量并适时停用LMWH,这一特殊抗栓策略安全、有效,且可行性较好。

脑部磁共振血管成像的临床应用研究

目的 研究磁共振血管成像 (MRA)在脑部的应用价值。方法 对 10 3例受试组及 10例正常组脑血管进行常规MRA或增强后MRA检查 ,另做常规磁共振成像 (MRI)。结果 MRA可清晰显示正常脑血管结构和异常脑血管信号、形态及走向 ,对脑血管疾病具有较高的诊断价值 ,还可评价脑梗死内科治疗、AVM血管内栓塞治疗或AVM及动脉瘤X刀术后疗效。结论 脑部MRA在脑血管疾病诊断中发挥着重要作用。

症状性椎动脉狭窄血管内成形术和支架植入术治疗的临床随访研究

目的观察经皮血管内成形术 (PTA)和支架植入术 (SP)治疗椎动脉狭窄的临床疗效。方法对 7例经内科药物治疗无效 ,椎 -基底动脉供血不足的椎动脉狭窄患者行 PTA和 SP治疗。结果 PTA和 SP成功率为 10 0 % ,血管狭窄程度术前 (82 .86% )、术后 (0 )两者比较 ,有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 1)。术后无死亡 ,也无支架内血栓、穿孔、动脉夹层或脑梗死等并发症 ,术后 6个月复查血管造影 ,再狭窄率为 0 ,一年随访仅 1例出现一过性脑缺血 (TIA)。结论 PTA加 SP是治疗椎动脉狭窄的一种可行和危险性较小的方法 ,可预防中风和

Cutting-balloon angioplasty before drug-eluting stent implantation for the treatment of severely calcified coronary lesions

Background Severely calcified coronary lesions respond poorly to balloon angioplasty, resulting in incomplete and asymmetrical stent expansion. Therefore, adequate plaque modification prior to drug-eluting stent （DES） implantation is the key for calcified lesion treat- ment. This study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of cutting balloon angioplasty for severely calcified coronary lesions. Methods Ninety-two consecutive patients with severely calcified lesions （defined as calcium arc 〉 180% calcium length ratio 〉 0.5） treated with bal- loon dilatation before DES implantation were randomly divided into two groups based on the balloon type： 45 patients in the conventional balloon angioplasty （BA） group and 47 patients in the cutting balloon angioplasty （CB） group. Seven cases in BA group did not satisfactorily achieve dilatation and were transferred into the CB group. Intravascular ultrasound （IVUS） was performed before balloon dilatation and after stent implantation to obtain qualitative and quantitative lesion characteristics and evaluate the stent, including minimum lumen cross-sectional area （CSA）, calcified arc and length, minimum stent CSA, stent apposition, stent symmetry, stent expansion, vessel dissection, and branch vessel jail. In-hospital, 1-month, and 6-month major adverse cardiac events （MACE） were reported. Results There were no statistical differences in clinical characteristics between the two groups, including calcium arc （222.2° ± 22.2° vs. 235.0° ± 22.1 °, p=0.570）, calcium length ratio （0.67 ± 0.06 vs. 0.77± 0.05, P = 0.130）, and minimum lumen CSA before PCI （2.59 ±0.08 mm2 vs. 2.52 ± 0.08 mm2, P = 0.550）. After stent implantation, the final minimum stent CSA （6.26 ± 0.40 mm2 vs. 5.03 ± 0.33 mm2; P = 0.031） and acute lumen gain （3.74 ±0.38 mm2 w. 2.44 ± 0.29 mm2, P = 0.015） were significantly larger ila the CB group than that of the BA group. There were not statis tically differences in stent expansion, stent symmetry, incomplete stent apposition, vessel dissection and branch vessel jail between two groups. The 30-day and 6-month MACE rates were also not different. Conclusions Cutting balloon angioplasty before DES implantation in severely calcified lesions appears to be more efficacies including significantly larger final stent CSA and larger acute lumen gain, without increasing complications during operations and the MACE rate in 6-month.

Outcome of non surgical hepatic decompression procedures in Egyptian patients with Budd-Chiari

AIM: To evaluate outcome of patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome after balloon angioplasty ± stenting or transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). METHODS: Twenty five patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome admitted to Ain Shams University Hospitals, Tropical Medicine Department were included. Twelve patients (48%) with short segment occlusion were candidates for angioplasty; with stenting in ten cases and without stenting in two. Thirteen patients (52%) had Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt. Patients were followed up for 12-32 mo. RESULTS: Patency rate in patients who underwent angioplasty ± stenting was 83.3% at one year and at end of follow up. The need of revision was 41.6% with one year survival of 100%, dropped to 91.6% at end of follow up. In patients who had Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt, patency rate was 92.3% at one year, dropped to 84.6% at end of follow up. The need of revision was 38.4% with one year and end of follow up survival of 100%. Patients with patent shunts showed marked improvement compared to those with occluded shunts. CONCLUSION: Morbidity and mortality following angioplasty ± stenting and TIPS are low with satisfactory outcome. Proper patient selection and management of shunt dysfunction are crucial in improvement.

INTERVENTIONAL OR SEMI-INTERVENTIONAL TREATMENT FOR BUDD-CHIARI SYNDROME

Objective. Report the results of interventional or semi-interventional techniques for 173 patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome.Method. This group included 120 males and 53 females. The pathologic lesions composed of localized complete occlusion of inferior vena cava (IVC) (78), IVC stenosis (49), IVC membrane with a hole (37), membrane of hepatic vein (HV) (3), IVC thrombosis (4), IVC membrane with thrombosis (2) and IVC lesion with occlusion of HV (32). Treatment methods included that I: Percutaneous transinferior vena cava angioplasty (PTA) (76); II: IVC PTA with stent (59); III: Percutaneous transhepatic vein recanalization (3); IV: IVC thrombolysis through a catheter (4); V; Combined transcardiac and trans-femoral venous membranotomy and balloon dilation (22); VI: V and stent (17); VII; Stenting during radical surgery (3); VIII: Additional operation after intervention (23).Results. The immediate technique success rate for intervention was 90.1%, for the semi-intervention was 100%. The IVC pressure was reduced from 3 to 29 cmH20. Complications occurred in 8 cases. The death rate was 2.9%. A follow-up study showed the recurrence rates were 14.5% in IVC PTA group, 1.7% in IVC PTA with stent, 18.2% in combined technique without stent and no recurrence was found in other groups.Conclusion. The PTA is the first choice for localized lesions. When elastic recoil occurs, immediate stenting is suggested. The semi-interventional approach is advised for PTA failure and more complicated cases. For those with both IVC lesion and occlusion of HV, the additional operation is needed after IVC intervention.

Prolonged high-pressure balloon angioplasty of femoropopliteal lesions：Impact on stent implantation rate and mid-term outcome

Objectives To assess the impact on stent implantation rate and mid-term outcomes of prolonged high pressure angioplasty of femoropopliteal lesions. Methods We retrospectively enrolled 620 consecutive patients from January 2011 to December 2011 （75.6 ±12.3 years, 355 males, 76.5%in Rutherford class 5-6）, referred for critical limb ischemia and submitted to prolonged high-pressure angioplasty of femoropopliteal lesions. The definition of prolonged high-pressure angioplasty includes dilation to at least 18 atm for at least 120 s. Proce-dural data, and clinical and instrumental follow-up were analyzed to assess stent implantation rate and mid-term outcomes. Results The preferred approach was ipsilateral femoral antegrade in 433/620 patients （69.7%） and contralateral cross-over in 164/620 （26.4%） and pop-liteal retrograde＋femoral antegrade in 23/620 （3.7%）. Techniques included subintimal angioplasty in 427/620 patients （68.8%） and endolu-minal angioplasty in 193/620 patients （31.2%）. The prolonged high pressure balloon angioplasty procedure was successful in 86.2%（minor intra-procedural complications rate 15.7%）, stent implantation was performed in 74 patients （11.9%）, with a significant improvement of ankle-brachial index （0.29 ±0.6 vs. 0.88 ±0.3, P〈0.01） and Rutherford class （5.3 ±0.8 vs. 0.7 ±1.9, P〈0.01）, a primary patency rate of 86.7%, restenosis of 18.6%on Doppler ultrasound and a target lesion revascularization of 14.8%at a mean follow-up of 18.1 ±6.4 months （range 1-24 months）. Secondary patency rate was 87.7%. Conclusions Prolonged high pressure angioplasty of femoropopliteal lesions appears to be safe and effective allowing for an acceptable patency and restenosis rates on mid-term.

Ischemic colitis and large bowel infarction:A case report

Ischemic bowel disease results from an acute or chronic drop in the blood supply to the bowel and may have various clinical presentations, such as intestinal angina, ischemic colitis or intestinal infarction. Elderly patients with systemic atherosclerosis who are symptomatic for the disease in two or more vascular beds have multiple comorbidities and are particularly at risk. The clinical evolution and outcome of this disease are difficult to predict because of its pleomorphic aspects and the general lack of statistical data. In this paper, we present the case of a patient who was monitored in our unit for six years. For this patient, we encountered iterative changes in the clinical pattern, beginning with chronic "intestinal angina" and finishing with signs of acute mesenteric ischemia after an episode of ischemic colitis. This evolution is particularly rare in clinical practice, and the case is instructive because it raises discussions about the natural history of the condition and the thera-peutic decisions that should be made at every stage of the disease. An important lesson is that ischemic bowel disease should always be considered in patients who have multiple risk factors for atherosclerosis and have experienced recurrent "indistinct" abdominal symptoms.In these cases, aggressive investigation and therapeutic decisions must be taken whenever possible. Despite an absence of standardized protocols, angiographic evaluation and revascularization procedures have beneficial outcomes. Current advances in endovascular therapy, such as percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with stenting, should be increasingly used in patients with chronic mesenteric ischemia. Such therapy can avoid the risks that are associated with open repair. However, technical difficulties, especially in severe stenotic lesions, frequently occur.

COMBINED INTRAOPERATIVE ILIAC ARTERY STENTS AND FEMORO- POPLITEAL BYPASS FOR MULTILEVEL ATHEROSCLEROTIC OCCLUSIVE DISEASE

Objective. To review our preliminary experience and evaluate our early results of a combined intraoperative iliac angioplasty and stenting with infrainguinal revascularization in multilevel atherosclerotic occlusive disease. Methods. From July 1999 to April 2000, intraoperative iliac angioplasty and stenting combined with simultaneous femoro- popliteal bypass were performed on 12 lower extremities of 10 patients suffering from multilevel atherosclerotic occlusive disease. There were 8 men and 2 women, average 72 years. The indications for procedures included disabling claudication in 3 and rest pain in 7 patients. Results. Eleven iliac angioplasty and stent procedures combined with simultaneous 9 femoro- popliteal bypass and 3 femoro- femoral- popliteal bypass were performed in 12 limbs of 10 patients. Angioplasty and stent placement was technically successful in all patients. One contralateral femoral- popliteal bypass was failure after femorofemoral- popliteal bypass. There were no additional instances of procedural or postoperative morbidity or mortali- ty. Mean follow- up was 5 months (range 1～ 10 months). During the follow- up period, one femoro- infrapopliteal graft became occluded after 7 months and above- knee amputation was required. The cumulative primary patency rate of stented iliac arteries, femoro- femoral bypass grafts and femoro- popliteal bypass grafts were 100％ (11/11), 100％ (3/3) and 90.9％ (10/11) in the follow- up period, respectively. The amputation rate was 8.3％ (1/12). Conclusions. Intraoperative iliac artery PTA and stent placement can be safely and effectively performed simultaneously with infrainguinal revascularization for multilevel atherosclerotic occlusive disease by skilled vascular surgeon, using a portable C arm fluoroscopy in the operating room. Furthermore, iliac artery PTA and stenting was valuable adjunct to distal bypass either to improve inflow and outflow, or to reduce the extent of traditional surgical intervention, and also, any angioplasty and stenting- related complications can be immediately corrected as well.

Application of GlycoProtein IIb/IIIa antagonist( Integrilin) in peri-percutaneous transluminal catheter angioplasty and stent implantation in Chinese

Objective: to report the application of GPIIb/IIIa antagonist (Integrilin) in peri percutaneous transluminal catheter angioplasty and stent implantation in Chinese. Method: Twenty one patients who underwent percutaneous transluminal catheter angioplasty(PTCA) and stent implantation were included. After arterial puncture, integrilin was injected at dose of 180ug/kg, and then maintained at 2μg/kg·min for 18 hours. Asprine, plavix(clopidogrel) and heparin were used at the same time. ACT, PT, KPTT and blood routine were routinely monitored. Results: All sheaths were drawn out 2 to 4 hours after the procedure.. There was no severe complication such as hematoma, acute and subacute thrombosis in coronary artery, or thrombocytopenia. ACT returned to less than 150 seconds in 2 hours in 15 patients; in 4 hours in 6 patients. There was no significant difference between the pre and post procedure value of PT and platelet count. KPTT was significantly higher than pre procedure value at 2 hours after the procedure .No recurrence of angina pectoris was observed in the first nine patients within one year follow up, and no restenosis occurred in stents in the five patients who had coronary angiography one year later. Conclusion: Application of GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonist (Integrilin) in peri percutaneous transluminal catheter angioplasty and stent implantation in combination with aspirin and plavix could significantly reduce the dosage and duration of heparin with benefit of shortening the indwelling time of sheaths, but did not increase risk of bleeding or lead to thrombosis in stent.

COMPARATIVE EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF HO-YAG LASER AND TRUE- CUT BIOPSY NEEDLE IN MYOCARDIAL REVASCULARIZATION

Objective.To study the mechanism and effects of blood perfusion on acute ischemic region of myocardium through channel created by Ho- Yag laser and True- cut biopsy needles with myocardial contrast echocardiography. Methods. We partially ligated the left anterior descending coronary artery of canine hearts between the lst and 2nd diagonal branches to produce two groups of acute myocardial ischemia models and then performed tran- smyocardial revascularization (TMR) on this region with Ho- Yag laser and True- cut biopsy needles. Myocardial contrast echocardiography was performed with a new generation of ultrasound contrast agent and second harmonic imaging of this region before, during ischemia and after revascularization. Pictures were taken with“ R” wave trigger skill. Results. Acoustic density (dB) in the ischemic region (anterior wall) with myocardial contrast echocardiography decreased obviously after the left anterior descending artery was ligated (Laser group: 5.40± 1.81, Needle group: 7.11± 2.51) compared with that before (Laser group: 11.69± 1.61, Needle group: 12.96± 2.88, P< 0.01). dB increased remarkably after TMR by either laser or True cut biopsy needle (Laser group: 11.02± 2.01, Needle group: 10.01± 4.45. P< 0.01) compared to that during ischemia and approximated to that before ischemia (P >0.05). We found that the acoustic density of the contrast developed one picture (one cardiac cycle) ahead in the transmyocardial revascularization region than that in the lateral and other region of the left ventricle wall in the scan of both groups. Conclusions. Acute ischemic myocardium can be perfused immediately by oxygenated blood from the left ventricle through channels created with both Ho- Yag laser and True- cut biopsy needles. Evidence of blood perfusion through these channels mainly during systolic phase was detected, and myocardial contrast ultrasound using intravenous perfluorocarbon- exposed sonicated dextrose albumin was regarded as a reliable method in the study of transmyocardial revascularization.

Choice PTTM guidewire for recanalization of total occlusive coronary arteries

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of 0. 014' Choice PTTM wire in chronic total occlusion angioplasty. Methods: Balloon angioplasty was attempted in 25 arteries with chronic total occlusion, with the mean time of occlusion of 17±13 months (ranging from 2 to 84 months) and mean length of 14±6 mm (ranging from 5 to 25 mm). The morphology of the lesions included bridging collaterals (4 cases), calcification (3 cases) and major side branch at the lesion (4 cases) . Choice PT?wire was used electively in all the cases. Results: Lesion was crossed successfully in 92% (23/25) cases, without incidences of dissection of the coronary artery with subintimal entry. Balloon angioplasy and stenting (n = 21) were performed with good immediate angiograghic results. Acute myocardial infarction or death occurred in none of the patients. Conclusion Successful recanalization of chronic coronary total occlusions using Choice PTTM wire can be achieved with good safety.

Gastric arterio-venous malformation emerging from splenic artery

In this case report, we present a patient who suffered from gastrointestinal bleeding. The bleeding source was a gastric arterio-venous malformation emerging from the splenic artery. Attempts to stop the bleeding failed and therapeutic angiography succeeded in occluding the vessel. A search at the literature has not yielded any other case report describing this anatomical anomaly.

Effect of diltiazem and lidocaine on arterial pressure or heart rate and the quality of extubation in patients undergoing uvulopalatopharyngoplasty

Objective：To evaluate the effect of diltiazem and lidocaine on arterial pressure or heart rate and the quality of extubation in patients undergoing uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. Methods： Sixty patients were randomly divided into 4 groups： In the control group patients were given saline; in the lidocaine group patients were given 1.0 mg/kg lidocaine ; in the diltiazem group patients were given 0. 2 mg/kg diltiazem; and in the lidocaine plus diltiazem group patients were given 1.0 mg/kg lidocaine and 0. 2 mg/kg diltiazem. These drugs were given 2 rain before tracheal extuhation. Values for SBP, DBP, and HR were recorded, on arriving at the operating room, immediately at the end of the surgery, at the time of injection of the study drugs, at tracheal extubation, at 1 min and 5 min after extubation. The quality of extubation according to the Sebel＇s grading scale were compared among the 4 groups. Results：During extubation in the control group HR, SBP and DBP increased significantly when compared to baseline levels. Both lidocaine （1.0 mg/kg） and diltiazem （0. 2 mg/kg） successfully alleviated these increases. The suppressive effect of diltiazem was greater than that of lidocaine. The combinative use of the two drugs minimized the increases. The administration of lidocaine significantly suppressed bucking or coughing compared with the other groups. Conclusions： The pressor responses and tachycardia occurring in patients with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty during emergence from anesthesia and tracheal extubation, can be easily blocked by a bolus dose of 1.0 mg/kg lidocaine, 0. 2 mg/kg diltiazem or the comhinative use of the two drugs. And the concurrent use of lidocaine and diltiazem alleviated the hemodynamic changes more obviously.

A special recurrent pattern in small hepatocellular carcinoma after treatment:Bile duct tumor thrombus formation

AIM:To investigate the clinicopathologic features of bile duct tumor thrombus(BDTT) occurrence after treatment of primary small hepatocellular carcinoma(sHCC) .METHODS:A total of 423 patients with primary sHCC admitted to our hospital underwent surgical resection or local ablation.During follow-up,only six patients were hospitalized due to obstructive jaundice,which occurred 5-76 mo after initial treatment.The clinicopathologic features of these six patients were reviewed.RESULTS:Six patients underwent hepatic resection(n=5) or radio-frequency ablation(n=1) due to primary sHCC.Five cases had an R1 resection margin,and one case had an ablative margin less than 5.0 mm.No vascular infiltration,microsatellites or bile duct/canaliculus affection was noted in the initial resected specimens.During the follow-up,imaging studies revealed a macroscopic BDTT extending to the common bile duct in all six patients.Four patients had a concomitant intrahepatic recurrent tumor.Surgical re-resection of intrahepatic recurrent tumors and removal of BDTTs(n=4) ,BDTT removal through choledochotomy(n= 1) ,and conservative treatment(n=1) was performed.Microscopic portal vein invasion was noted in three of the four resected specimens.All six patients died,with a mean survival of 11 mo after BDTT removal or conservative treatment.CONCLUSION:BDTT occurrence is a rare,special recurrent pattern of primary sHCC.Patients with BDTTs extending to the common bile duct usually have an unfavorable prognosis even following aggressive surgery.Insufficient resection or ablative margins against primary sHCC may be a risk factor for BDTT development.

Retrospective analysis of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and coronary stenting

Objective To examine long term efficacy of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA),coronary stenting and to assess the factors affecting its efficacy Methods A total of 790 patients who underwent successful PTCA and PTCA+stent in this hospital were followed by direct interview or letter The rate of follow up was 84 2% and the period of follow up was 0 9-12 7 (3 5±2 4) years Results During follow up, 4 (0 5%) patients died, 22 (2 8%) had nonfatal acute myocardial infarction, 10 (1 3%) had coronary artery bypass surgery, and 98 (12 4%) had repeat PTCA The rate of recurrent angina pectoris was 31 1% The cardiac event free survival rate calculated by the Kaplan Meier method was 88 2% at 1 year and 80 6% at 12 7 years Cox regression analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between AMI history, stent implantation and the risk of cardiac events, and there was a negative correlation between the number of diseased arteries and the risk of cardiac events Compared to the PTCA group, patients with PTCA+stent had significantly lower rates of total cardiac events Conclusion The long term efficacy of PTCA, especially PTCA + stent in Chinese patients was very satisfactory, suggesting that PTCA+stent therapy should be the major treatment for revascularization in patients with coronary heart disease