Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides have been shown to have antihypertensive effects and have been utilized for physiologically functional foods and pharmaceuticals. The ACE inhibitory ability of...Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides have been shown to have antihypertensive effects and have been utilized for physiologically functional foods and pharmaceuticals. The ACE inhibitory ability of a hydrolysate is de- termined by its peptide composition. However, the peptide composition of a hydrolysate depends on proteolytic enzyme and the hydrolysis conditions. In this study, the effect of process conditions on the ACE inhibitory activity of rice dregs hydrolyzed with a trypsin was investigated systematically using response surface methodology. It was shown that the ACE inhibitory activity of rice dregs hydrolysates could be controlled by regulation of five process conditions. Hydrolysis conditions for optimal ACE inhibition were defined using the response surface model of fractional factorial design (FFD), steepest ascent design, and central composite design (CCD).展开更多
AIM: Angiotensin Ⅱ has pro-fibrotic function in the liver.Blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS) attenuates hepatic fibrosis. The aim of the present study was to determine the mechanism of angiot...AIM: Angiotensin Ⅱ has pro-fibrotic function in the liver.Blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS) attenuates hepatic fibrosis. The aim of the present study was to determine the mechanism of angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) on the progression of rat hepatic fibrosis.METHODS: Forty male Wistar rats were divided into three groups. Model group (Mo): The rats were injected subcutaneously with 40% of CCl4 0.25 mL/100 g. Perindopril group (Pe): The rats were injected subcutaneously with administrated. Control group (Nc): the rats were treated with olive oil only. After 4 and 6 wk, the rats were killed.The liver sections were stained with Masson. The protein expressions of AT1R, TGF-β1 and PDGF-BB were examined by Western blot. Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) DNA binding activity was examined by EMSA (Electrophoretic gel mobility shift assay). Matrix metalloproteinase-2,9(MMP-2,9) activity was assessed by zymography. Serum laminin (LN) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were measured using radioimmunoassays.RESULTS: Using Western blot, we clearly provided direct evidence for the expression of AT1R in liver. The expression was up-regulated when fibrogenesis occurred. Perindopril treatment significantly reduced mean fibrosis score,protein levels of AT1R, TGF-β1 and PDGF-BB, serum levels of HA and LN, and the activity of MMP-2,9. NF-κB DNA binding activity markedly increased in model group, perindopril treatment considerably reduced NF-κB DNA binding activity.CONCLUSION: Perindopril attenuates CCl4-induced hepatic fibrogenesis of rat by inhibiting TGF-β1, PDGF-BB,NF-κB and MMP-2,9.展开更多
Objective: To observe the effect of angiotensin II (Ang II) on expression of gap junction channel protein connexin 43 (Cx43) in the proliferation process of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) during the early stage ...Objective: To observe the effect of angiotensin II (Ang II) on expression of gap junction channel protein connexin 43 (Cx43) in the proliferation process of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) during the early stage of arteriosclerosis. Methods: Thirty-two adult male rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups. Rabbits in Group A were fed common diet while others in Groups B, C, and D were fed high-cholesterol diet. Losartan (10 mg/(kg?d)) and ramipril (0.5 mg/(kg?d)) were added in the diet of Groups C and D, respectively. The animals were sacrificed after 8 weeks and abdominal aortas were removed and dissected. The expression of Cx43 was assayed using RT-PCR and Western Blotting analysis. Results: Cx43 was increased markedly in both protein and mRNA level in Groups B, C, and D fed high-cholesterol diet compared with that in control group (P<0.01). Cx43 level in losartan or ramipril treated groups was higher than that in control group (P<0.01, P<0.05), but lower than that in high-cholesterol diet groups (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion: Cx43 level was upregulated in VSMCs during early atherosclerosis. Losartan and ramipril can inhibit the expression of Cx43.展开更多
Objective To investigate the mechanism of a novel angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor-associated protein (ATRAP) interfering with angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor-mediated vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth and ...Objective To investigate the mechanism of a novel angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor-associated protein (ATRAP) interfering with angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor-mediated vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth and neointimal formation. Methods VSMCs isolated from thoracic aorta of adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used in this study. ATRAP cDNA was subcloned into pcDNA3 vector and then transfected into VSMCs. DNA synthesis and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phospho-ERK expressions in VSMCs were assayed by measurement of 3H thymidine incorporation and Western blotting, respectively. Morphological changes were observed in the balloon injured artery with or without transfection of ATRAP cDNA using 12-week-old male SD rats. Results ATRAP overexpression in VSMCs inhibited angiotensin II(Ang II)-induced 3H thymidine incorporation 48 hours after Ang II stimulation (P<0.05). In VSMC, Ang II stimulation increased the phosphorylation of ERK, which reached the peak around 60 minutes. The activation of phospho-ERK was significantly decreased by ATRAP (P<0.05). Neointimal formation was markedly inhibited by ATRAP overexpression in injuried arteries. Conclusions The AT1 receptor-derived activation of ERK plays an essential role in Ang II-induced VSMC growth. The growth inhibitory effects of ATRAP might be due to interfering with AT1 receptor-mediated activation of ERK in VSMC growth and neointimal formation.展开更多
The present work relates to a new synthesis process for the preparation of 3-[(1-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl)-amino]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2-oxo-1H-1-benzazepine-1-acetate tert butyl ester(EPTAB),the precursor of benaz...The present work relates to a new synthesis process for the preparation of 3-[(1-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl)-amino]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2-oxo-1H-1-benzazepine-1-acetate tert butyl ester(EPTAB),the precursor of benazepril HCl.The reaction conditions were optimized.The diastereomeric products were separated by flash column chromatography.The structures of the products were characterized with IR and NMR.展开更多
Congestive heart failare is a disease in which initially compensutory changes in car-diac, vascular, and renal functions become detrimental over time. The changes are mediated by a largenamber of neurohormones and cyt...Congestive heart failare is a disease in which initially compensutory changes in car-diac, vascular, and renal functions become detrimental over time. The changes are mediated by a largenamber of neurohormones and cytokines. Counter-regalutory hormones also play a role, but ave general-ly insuffwient to offset the adverse effects of the neurohormones or progression of the disease. Symp-toms of heart failure occurs in the presence of systolic dysfunction, usually documented by a decrease inejection fraction, or can present with impaired diastolic function occasionally labeled as heart failureuith preserved systolic function of the left ventricle. Heart failure and its treatment represent a medicalproblem of significant importance because of the high mortality associated with it despite the current ther-apy, which has substantial evidence of reduction in mortality and morbidity. Prevention or slowing of theprogressive deterioration in function of the heart and other organs involved through utilizing new agentsthat affect more or differentneurohormonal pathways may be beneficial and forms the focus of heartfailure research and drug development. However, the multiplicity of hormonal effects mandate the useof complex therapy in the management of congestive heart failure( CHF ). The new agents in addition tothe conventional therapy used in the management of heart failure are; Human B-type natriuretic peptide(in the treatment of decompensated CHF), endothelin receptor antagonists, calcium sensitizers, neutralendopeptidase ( NEP ) and vasopeptidase inhibitors, vasopressin antagonists and cytokine inhibitors.展开更多
Purpose: To investigate the levels of renin-angiotension system (RAS) components in normal tension glaucoma patients and normal controls. Methods: Blood samples were obtained from 11 normal tension glaucoma(NTG)patien...Purpose: To investigate the levels of renin-angiotension system (RAS) components in normal tension glaucoma patients and normal controls. Methods: Blood samples were obtained from 11 normal tension glaucoma(NTG)patients and 11 age and sex matched controls. The levels of renin and angiotensin AⅡof 11 NTG patients and normal controls were examined by radio-immunity test. Statistical analyses were performed by paired t test. Results:The levels of renin of NTG patients and normal controls are (769.085±183.217) pg/ml/n and (822.035 ±124.140) pg/ml/n, while the levels of angiotensin A Ⅱof NTG patients and normal controls are (37.347±10.669)pg/ml and (24.836±10.665)pg/ml respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed between the levels of renin and angiotensin among NTG patients and normal controls. Conclusion: There were not many abnormalities of the levels of circulating rennin and angiotensin AⅡof NTG patients in our study. Eye Science 2005 ;21 :192-195.展开更多
文摘Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides have been shown to have antihypertensive effects and have been utilized for physiologically functional foods and pharmaceuticals. The ACE inhibitory ability of a hydrolysate is de- termined by its peptide composition. However, the peptide composition of a hydrolysate depends on proteolytic enzyme and the hydrolysis conditions. In this study, the effect of process conditions on the ACE inhibitory activity of rice dregs hydrolyzed with a trypsin was investigated systematically using response surface methodology. It was shown that the ACE inhibitory activity of rice dregs hydrolysates could be controlled by regulation of five process conditions. Hydrolysis conditions for optimal ACE inhibition were defined using the response surface model of fractional factorial design (FFD), steepest ascent design, and central composite design (CCD).
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China, No.30270610
文摘AIM: Angiotensin Ⅱ has pro-fibrotic function in the liver.Blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS) attenuates hepatic fibrosis. The aim of the present study was to determine the mechanism of angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) on the progression of rat hepatic fibrosis.METHODS: Forty male Wistar rats were divided into three groups. Model group (Mo): The rats were injected subcutaneously with 40% of CCl4 0.25 mL/100 g. Perindopril group (Pe): The rats were injected subcutaneously with administrated. Control group (Nc): the rats were treated with olive oil only. After 4 and 6 wk, the rats were killed.The liver sections were stained with Masson. The protein expressions of AT1R, TGF-β1 and PDGF-BB were examined by Western blot. Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) DNA binding activity was examined by EMSA (Electrophoretic gel mobility shift assay). Matrix metalloproteinase-2,9(MMP-2,9) activity was assessed by zymography. Serum laminin (LN) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were measured using radioimmunoassays.RESULTS: Using Western blot, we clearly provided direct evidence for the expression of AT1R in liver. The expression was up-regulated when fibrogenesis occurred. Perindopril treatment significantly reduced mean fibrosis score,protein levels of AT1R, TGF-β1 and PDGF-BB, serum levels of HA and LN, and the activity of MMP-2,9. NF-κB DNA binding activity markedly increased in model group, perindopril treatment considerably reduced NF-κB DNA binding activity.CONCLUSION: Perindopril attenuates CCl4-induced hepatic fibrogenesis of rat by inhibiting TGF-β1, PDGF-BB,NF-κB and MMP-2,9.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20272012)the Special Research Grant for Doctoral Sites in Chinese Universities (No.20010730001).
文摘Objective: To observe the effect of angiotensin II (Ang II) on expression of gap junction channel protein connexin 43 (Cx43) in the proliferation process of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) during the early stage of arteriosclerosis. Methods: Thirty-two adult male rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups. Rabbits in Group A were fed common diet while others in Groups B, C, and D were fed high-cholesterol diet. Losartan (10 mg/(kg?d)) and ramipril (0.5 mg/(kg?d)) were added in the diet of Groups C and D, respectively. The animals were sacrificed after 8 weeks and abdominal aortas were removed and dissected. The expression of Cx43 was assayed using RT-PCR and Western Blotting analysis. Results: Cx43 was increased markedly in both protein and mRNA level in Groups B, C, and D fed high-cholesterol diet compared with that in control group (P<0.01). Cx43 level in losartan or ramipril treated groups was higher than that in control group (P<0.01, P<0.05), but lower than that in high-cholesterol diet groups (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion: Cx43 level was upregulated in VSMCs during early atherosclerosis. Losartan and ramipril can inhibit the expression of Cx43.
文摘Objective To investigate the mechanism of a novel angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor-associated protein (ATRAP) interfering with angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor-mediated vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth and neointimal formation. Methods VSMCs isolated from thoracic aorta of adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used in this study. ATRAP cDNA was subcloned into pcDNA3 vector and then transfected into VSMCs. DNA synthesis and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phospho-ERK expressions in VSMCs were assayed by measurement of 3H thymidine incorporation and Western blotting, respectively. Morphological changes were observed in the balloon injured artery with or without transfection of ATRAP cDNA using 12-week-old male SD rats. Results ATRAP overexpression in VSMCs inhibited angiotensin II(Ang II)-induced 3H thymidine incorporation 48 hours after Ang II stimulation (P<0.05). In VSMC, Ang II stimulation increased the phosphorylation of ERK, which reached the peak around 60 minutes. The activation of phospho-ERK was significantly decreased by ATRAP (P<0.05). Neointimal formation was markedly inhibited by ATRAP overexpression in injuried arteries. Conclusions The AT1 receptor-derived activation of ERK plays an essential role in Ang II-induced VSMC growth. The growth inhibitory effects of ATRAP might be due to interfering with AT1 receptor-mediated activation of ERK in VSMC growth and neointimal formation.
文摘The present work relates to a new synthesis process for the preparation of 3-[(1-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl)-amino]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2-oxo-1H-1-benzazepine-1-acetate tert butyl ester(EPTAB),the precursor of benazepril HCl.The reaction conditions were optimized.The diastereomeric products were separated by flash column chromatography.The structures of the products were characterized with IR and NMR.
文摘Congestive heart failare is a disease in which initially compensutory changes in car-diac, vascular, and renal functions become detrimental over time. The changes are mediated by a largenamber of neurohormones and cytokines. Counter-regalutory hormones also play a role, but ave general-ly insuffwient to offset the adverse effects of the neurohormones or progression of the disease. Symp-toms of heart failure occurs in the presence of systolic dysfunction, usually documented by a decrease inejection fraction, or can present with impaired diastolic function occasionally labeled as heart failureuith preserved systolic function of the left ventricle. Heart failure and its treatment represent a medicalproblem of significant importance because of the high mortality associated with it despite the current ther-apy, which has substantial evidence of reduction in mortality and morbidity. Prevention or slowing of theprogressive deterioration in function of the heart and other organs involved through utilizing new agentsthat affect more or differentneurohormonal pathways may be beneficial and forms the focus of heartfailure research and drug development. However, the multiplicity of hormonal effects mandate the useof complex therapy in the management of congestive heart failure( CHF ). The new agents in addition tothe conventional therapy used in the management of heart failure are; Human B-type natriuretic peptide(in the treatment of decompensated CHF), endothelin receptor antagonists, calcium sensitizers, neutralendopeptidase ( NEP ) and vasopeptidase inhibitors, vasopressin antagonists and cytokine inhibitors.
文摘Purpose: To investigate the levels of renin-angiotension system (RAS) components in normal tension glaucoma patients and normal controls. Methods: Blood samples were obtained from 11 normal tension glaucoma(NTG)patients and 11 age and sex matched controls. The levels of renin and angiotensin AⅡof 11 NTG patients and normal controls were examined by radio-immunity test. Statistical analyses were performed by paired t test. Results:The levels of renin of NTG patients and normal controls are (769.085±183.217) pg/ml/n and (822.035 ±124.140) pg/ml/n, while the levels of angiotensin A Ⅱof NTG patients and normal controls are (37.347±10.669)pg/ml and (24.836±10.665)pg/ml respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed between the levels of renin and angiotensin among NTG patients and normal controls. Conclusion: There were not many abnormalities of the levels of circulating rennin and angiotensin AⅡof NTG patients in our study. Eye Science 2005 ;21 :192-195.
