刑法行为人主义的辨析及其价值

刑法主观主义通常对应刑法行为人主义,刑法客观主义对应刑法行为主义,二者的争论在西方刑法学说史上的地位举足轻重。我国大多数学者会选择行为主义的立场,对行为人主义存在明显忽视,刑法行为人主义也曾成为众矢之的。但是,行为人主义其实不乏具有诸多可以借鉴之处,它在我国日益繁荣的刑法学研究中不应该被淡忘,对此有必要重提行为人主义,以充分发挥行为人主义的理论与实践价值。行为人主义贯穿刑法始终,其至少应分别从刑法观、犯罪论与刑罚论三个层次逐一进行分析。近些年来的刑法修正案也涉及到诸多的行为人主义思想内容,像预防刑法、犯罪人处遇方式的发展、犯罪圈的扩张范围等。在理论上,应当主动运用行为人主义的视角与内容,去合理解释这些现实问题,对于不合理的地方也应当结合行为主义及时进行合理的刑罚限缩。在行为主义占据绝对优势地位的情形下,重提行为人主义,既是对未来刑法学发展的合理预见,也是对当下刑法的范围保持清醒认知。

论减刑程序的改革模式及其理念转换

现行减刑程序在实践中出现了很多问题,理论界主张将其改造为诉讼化模式,而实务界则自发创设了公示听证模式。这两种模式各有其优势和缺陷,也从不同角度为减刑程序的完善提供了经验。但不管采取何种方式,在构建完善的减刑程序时,必须首先实现理念上的转换,即减刑程序应当以行为人为中心,注重司法合作并采取自由证明的方式。

Techno-psychological Aspects of Social Media Behaviors

Social media has become an inevitable part of our lives in the age of network society. People establish multiple identities for themselves, with or without references to the real world, and behave according to those identities. Self-made components of virtual presence are not limited to identities only; many users also create hyper-personalities for themselves with the help of new technologies. Then, the fundamental question becomes： Why do people create self-made identities and hyper-personalities to portray or hide themselves in social media environments？ The answer to this question has certain connections and implications for behaviors of social media users. Therefore, researchers have investigated why some people find social media attractive and attend whenever possible, while others are afraid of social media and hesitate to attend. Positive and negative behaviors of social media users can be classified as braggadocian and preventative. Braggadocian behaviors are related to courageously taking advantage of social media, whereas preventative behaviors are concerned with avoidance of social media. The dominant behavioral pattern of a user depends on what one can achieve through attending or preventing social media. This paper first discusses basic elements of human behavior that drive social media such as altruism, hedonism, connectionism, homophily, multiple identities, memetics, narcissism, and tribalism. Then, it focuses on precautionary elements of human behavior such as avoidance, escape, blocking, fear, hiding, removal, and protectionism. Whether they are attentive or not, one thing is clear： People refrain or enrich their own lives in social media rather than being abused or watching others in industrial media.

多次犯:刑法的制度化产物及其限制路径

犯罪形态问题研究具有重要的理论意义和实践价值,多次犯作为一种犯罪形态,在近年我国刑法的修订中出现频次较多,但有关刑法理论研究尚显得相对滞后。多次违法行为的犯罪化背后是行为人主义刑法的日渐抬头,过度承认多次犯可能不当扩大刑法的干预范围。目前,我国关于多次犯的立法和司法解释还存在立法依据不甚明确、规定的过于分散、所涉罪名过度扩张和认定条件不统一等瑕疵,因此,我们应从明确立法依据、加强立法的统一性、有限犯罪化和统一认定条件等方面对我国多次犯予以适度限制。