This paper presents some concepts about the kinship and introduces five possible mechanisms to result in kin-biased behavior, including spatial or temporal distribution, familiarity, phenotype matching, recognition al...This paper presents some concepts about the kinship and introduces five possible mechanisms to result in kin-biased behavior, including spatial or temporal distribution, familiarity, phenotype matching, recognition alleles and green-beard effect. In rodents, kinship has very important effect on social behavior, and kin-biased behaviors occur in competition, cooperation, mating and parental care. The research on mechanisms will be benefit for understanding the origin and evolution of kin-biased behavior.展开更多
The phase transformation temperature, segregation behavior of elements and as-cast microstructure were investigated in experimental nickel-base superalloys with different levels of carbon and boron. The results show t...The phase transformation temperature, segregation behavior of elements and as-cast microstructure were investigated in experimental nickel-base superalloys with different levels of carbon and boron. The results show that the liquidus temperature decreases gradually but the carbide solvus temperature increases obviously with increasing carbon addition. Minor boron addition to the alloy decreases the liquidus temperature, carbide solvus temperature and solidus temperature slightly. Apart from rhenium, the segregation coefficients of the elements alter insignificantly with the addition of carbon. The segregation behavior of rhenium, tungsten and tantalum become more severe with boron addition. The volume fraction and size of primary carbides increase with increasing carbon addition. The main morphology of the carbides is script-like in the alloys with carbon addition while the carbide sheets tend to be concentrated and coarse in the boron-containing alloys展开更多
文摘This paper presents some concepts about the kinship and introduces five possible mechanisms to result in kin-biased behavior, including spatial or temporal distribution, familiarity, phenotype matching, recognition alleles and green-beard effect. In rodents, kinship has very important effect on social behavior, and kin-biased behaviors occur in competition, cooperation, mating and parental care. The research on mechanisms will be benefit for understanding the origin and evolution of kin-biased behavior.
基金Projects(2011CB610406,2010CB631202)supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProjects(51101120,50931004,51171151)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The phase transformation temperature, segregation behavior of elements and as-cast microstructure were investigated in experimental nickel-base superalloys with different levels of carbon and boron. The results show that the liquidus temperature decreases gradually but the carbide solvus temperature increases obviously with increasing carbon addition. Minor boron addition to the alloy decreases the liquidus temperature, carbide solvus temperature and solidus temperature slightly. Apart from rhenium, the segregation coefficients of the elements alter insignificantly with the addition of carbon. The segregation behavior of rhenium, tungsten and tantalum become more severe with boron addition. The volume fraction and size of primary carbides increase with increasing carbon addition. The main morphology of the carbides is script-like in the alloys with carbon addition while the carbide sheets tend to be concentrated and coarse in the boron-containing alloys