妒忌的心理机制研究概述及展望

妒忌是一种常见的社会情绪。目前诱发妒忌情绪的主要研究范式有故事法、情境法和游戏法。以往研究从行为和神经生理两个层面考察了妒忌情绪的相关心理机制:当个体意识到别人具备自己试图拥有但却缺乏的优势时,其会产生强烈的妒忌情绪;妒忌情绪的产生会伴随着额叶、脑岛等脑区和P3晚成分更强烈的活动性。研究者发现激素水平差异、脑区的功能性差异、年龄差异、情绪调节类型的差异均会影响个体对妒忌情绪的识别能力和主观体验度。未来的研究需要就提高妒忌研究的生态效度、关注妒忌的特异性问题等方面进行更多的探索,从而为人们正确应对妒忌情绪提供更有力的实证支持。

High temperature mechanical behavior of alumina dispersion strengthened copper alloy with high content of alumina

The microstructure and its effects on the high temperature mechanical behavior of Cu-2.7%Al_2O_3 （volume fraction） dispersion strengthened copper （ADSC） alloy were investigated. The results indicate that fine alumina particles are uniformly distributed in the copper matrix, while a few coarse ones are distributed on the grain boundaries. Tensile tests results show that Hall-Petch mechanism is the main contribution to the yield strength of ADSC alloy at room temperature. Its high temperature strength is attributed to the strong pinning effects of alumina particles on the grain and sub-grain boundaries with dislocations. The ultimate tensile strength can reach 237 MPa and the corresponding yield strength reaches 226 MPa at 700℃. Tensile fracture morphology indicates that the ADSC alloy shows brittleness at elevated temperatures. Creep tests results demonstrate that the steady state creep rates at 400 ℃ are lower than those at 700 ℃. The stress exponents at 400 ℃ and 700℃ are 7 and 5, respectively, and the creep strain rates of the ADSC alloy are controlled by dislocation core diffusion and lattice diffusion.

Less common neoplasms of the pancreas

Recently, there has been an increased recognition of neoplasms of the pancreas other than ductal adenocarcinorna. Although not as well studied or characterized as pancreatic adenocarcinorna there are many distinct lesions which exhibit diverse biological behaviors and varying degrees of malignancy. These lesions include： endocrine neoplasms, cystic tumors, solid pseudopapillary tumors, acinar cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, primary lymphoma of the pancreas, and metastatic lesions to the pancreas. These less common neoplasms are being diagnosed more frequently as the number and sensitivity of diagnostic imaging studies increase. This review article discusses the clinical course, diagnosis, and treatment of these less common, but quite relevant, neoplasms of the pancreas.

Tribological behavior of CNTs-Cu and graphite-Cu composites with electric current

CNTs-Cu and graphite-Cu composites were separately prepared by powder metallurgy technique under the same consolidation processing. Tribological behavior of the composites with electric current was investigated by using a pin-on-disk friction and wear tester. The results show that the friction coefficient and wear rate of the composites decrease with increasing the reinforcement content, and increase with increasing the electric current density; the effects of electric current are more obvious on tribological properties of graphite-Cu composites than on CNTs-Cu composites; for graphite-Cu composites the dominant wear mechanisms are electric arc erosion and adhesive wear, while for CNTs-Cu composites are adhesive wear.

Effects of environment on dry sliding wear behavior of silver-copper based composites containing tungsten disulfide

Silver based composites containing different amounts of WS2were prepared by hot-pressing method and their tribologicalbehaviors were investigated against coin silver under humid air,dry nitrogen and vacuum on a ball-on-disk tester with normal load of5N.The components of composites,microstructure of debris and worn surface were characterized using XRD SEM,EDS and XPS.It is demonstrated that environmental conditions significantly affect the tribological behavior of silver based composites.The frictioncoefficient is the highest in humid air,and the lowest in dry nitrogen.It is found that the friction and wear behavior of the compositesare strongly depended on the characteristics of the lubrication film forming in different operating environments,such as thicknessand composition.In addition,it is indicated that the dominant wear mechanisms of silver based composites are abrasive wear anddelamination under different conditions.

Effects of TiB_2+TiC content on microstructure and wear resistance of Ni55-based composite coatings produced by plasma cladding

TiB2-TiC reinforced Ni55 matrix composite coatings were in-situ fabricated via plasma cladding on steels using Ti, B4C, and Ni55 as precursor materials at different proportions. Effects of TiB2+TiC content of ceramics phase on the microstructure and wear resistance were studied. The results showed that ceramic phases TiB2 and TiC were in-situ synthesized by plasma cladding, and the ceramic phase content significantly affected tribological performance and the wear mechanism of coatings under different loads. The composite ceramics protected coatings from further delamination wear by crack-resistance under a load of 30 N. Severe abrasive wear and adhesive wear were prevented when the load increased to 60 N because of the high hardness and strength of ceramic phases. Moreover, a compacted layer appeared on the wear surface of coatings with high content of ceramic phases, which effectively decreased the friction coefficient and wear rate. The TiB2-TiC composite ceramics significantly improved the wear performance of metal matrix composite coatings by different mechanisms under loads of 30 and 60 N.

Effect of fluoride addition on electrochemical behaviors of V(Ⅲ) in molten LiCl-KCl

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and Raman spectroscopy were used to analyze the complexes in LiCl−KCl eutectic salt containing VCl_(3) and KF.The additional fluoride ions would replace chloride ions and combine with V(Ⅲ)to form VF_(6)^(3-).The electrochemical behavior of V(Ⅲ)was evaluated under condition of the molar concentration ratio of F−to Vn+(α)equal to 0:1,1:1,2:1,5:1,20:1 and 50:1,respectively.The results showed that a new reduction step appeared:VF_(6)^(3-)→V^(2+),and the reduction mechanism of vanadium ions became more complicated.The metallic vanadium was deposited on the tungsten electrode at−2.90 V in the LiCl−KCl melts for 6 h,and the products were characterized by SEM−EDS.It was indicated that the particle size of the product decreased with adding fluoride ions for the forming of the coordination compound VF_(6)^(3-).

Friction and wear of 7075 aluminum alloy induced by torsional fretting

The torsional fretting wear tests of 7075 aluminum alloy flat against 52100 steel ball in dry condition were carried out on a new high-precision torsional fretting-wear tester.The kinetics behaviors and damage mechanism of 7075 aluminum alloy under different angular displacement amplitudes were investigated in detail.The results show that the torsional fretting running behaviors of 7075 aluminum alloy can be defined by three fretting regimes(i.e.partial slip regime(PSR),mixed fretting regime(MFR) and slip regime(SR)) with the increase of angular displacement amplitudes.In PSR,the damage occurs at the lateral portion of the contact zone with a slight annular shape.However,in MFR and SR,more severe damages are observed and the debris layer covers the wear scars.Friction torque and dissipation energy which are strongly dependent upon the imposed angular displacement amplitudes and presented in three stages were discussed in detail.The mechanisms of torsional fretting wear of aluminum alloy are mainly oxidative wear,abrasive wear and delamination in the three fretting regimes.In addition,the oxidative debris plays an important role during the torsional fretting wear processes.

On Mechanisms of Human Behavior： The ＂Mind Blindness Phenomenon＂ in Philosophy, Religion, Science, and Medicine

The phenomenon described here has no scientific title, but occurs frequently in daily living, from science to philosophy, religion, and medicine. In every field of human endeavor, when a view is expressed, sharp and profound differences of opinion ensue. Initially, we coin this phenomenon as ＂understanding blindness＂ or ＂mind＇s awareness.＂ Thereafter, we decide to refer to it as ＂mind blindness,＂ a concept introduced to science by Professor Simon Baron-Cohen, who coins it for a cognitive disorder associated with autism, Asperger＇s syndrome, and schizophrenia. Baron-Cohen＇s usage has subsequently been extended to dementia, bi-polar disorders, antisocial personality disorders, and even normal aging. In our view, definition and identification of ＂mind blindness＂ in philosophy, religion, science, medicine, and at end-of-life care can help mankind to better understand mechanisms of human behavior, and the causes of conflicts, controversies, contradictions, and sharp differences of opinion in human life, and even to solve some of them.

Hypotheses explaining cancer metastasis

Cancer metastasis is the most important factor causing patients death. Cancer diseases will be controllable if metastasis does not happen. Concerning the mechanism of cancer metastasis, there are still many points to be clarified. Currently, the mechanism of cancer metastasis has been explained from several aspects of its biological behaviors. Here we briefly summarized some newly-developed metastasis models to provide a global glance at this topic.

Catastrophe mechanism and disaster countermeasure for soft rock roadway surrounding rock in Meihe mine

The soft rock's heterogeneity and nonlinear mechanical behavior cause extremely difficult maintenance on the soft rock roadway. Aiming at the asymmetric deformation and destruction phenomenon appearing after excavating and supporting the 7101 air return way in Meihe mine, this paper comprehensively adopted a variety of methods to analyze the roadway surrounding rock deformation rule, obtaining the roadway surrounding rock stress and plastic zone distribution rule under no supporting condition and the roadway surrounding rock deformation features under original symmetric supporting condition.Furthermore, this paper revealed the catastrophe mechanism, and proposed the concept of ‘‘weak structure'' and the disaster countermeasure of ‘‘overall stabilizing the roadway and strengthening the support of weak structure''. The industrial test shows that the disaster control technology can realize the coordination deformation of the supporting structure and roadway surrounding rock, thus significantly controlling the deformation of roadway surrounding rock.

Research on Systematic Analysis and Countermeasures of the Buildings Construction Safety Problems

The buildings construction safety problems contain various safety-hidden dangers that caused by the human unsafe behaviors, the substance unsafe conditions, operation environment unsafe factors and management defects. The authors summarize comprehensively the problems of buildings construetion safety in China at present based on grasping the whole safety status of buildings construction, and the synthetic countermeasures including the systems about laws, management, technology and education civilization for buildings construction safety management are brought up based on the viewpoint of safety system theory. Then it is thought that huilding scientific management mechanisms and popularizing effective management methods and measures are the fundamental ways for improving further the level of safety management for buildings construction in China at present.