言语行为理论(теория речевых актов)的产生和发展,首先应归功于牛津学派的逻辑学家Дж.Остин。1955年他在美国哈佛大学所作的著名的语言学讲座,于1962以“How to do things with words”为题发表(苏联学者...言语行为理论(теория речевых актов)的产生和发展,首先应归功于牛津学派的逻辑学家Дж.Остин。1955年他在美国哈佛大学所作的著名的语言学讲座,于1962以“How to do things with words”为题发表(苏联学者将此著作译为俄语时用了“Слово как действие”),成为言语行为理论的奠基著作和理论核心。此理论后经美国逻辑学家Дж.Серлъ和英国逻辑学家П.Стросон发展、完善,逐渐形成较为完整的理论体系、课题范畴和方法论基础。展开更多
For the purpose of describing the deformation characteristics of rocks,the effect of volume changes on mechanical properties of rocks should be taken into account with relation to the development of constitutive model...For the purpose of describing the deformation characteristics of rocks,the effect of volume changes on mechanical properties of rocks should be taken into account with relation to the development of constitutive model.Firstly,rocks are divided into three parts,i.e.,voids,a damaged part and an undamaged part in the course of loading.The void ratio was applied to describing the changes of voids or pores during the deformation process.Then,using statistical damage theory,a constitutive model was developed for rocks to describe their strain softening and hardening on the basis of investigating the relationship between the net stress and apparent stress,in which the influence of volume changes on rock behavior was correctly taken into account,such as the initial phase of compaction and the latter stage of dilation.Thirdly,a method of determining model parameters was also presented.Finally,this model was used to compare the theoretical results with those observed from experiments under conventional triaxial loading conditions.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the antidepressant mechanism of acupuncture at the molecular level in the pituitary gland of rats exposed to chronic restraint stress(CRS).METHODS: Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into...OBJECTIVE: To investigate the antidepressant mechanism of acupuncture at the molecular level in the pituitary gland of rats exposed to chronic restraint stress(CRS).METHODS: Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into a control group(C), model group(M), fluoxetine group(F), and acupuncture group(A). CRS was induced in the model group by restraining rats for 28 days. Groups F and A were given fluoxetine administration and acupuncture intervention, respectively, 1 h before the CRS procedures were implemented. On the 29 th day, rat pituitary glands were harvested for RNA extraction and RNA-sequencing analysis.RESULTS: Differentially expressed gene analysis identified 148, 87, and 179 response genes differen-tially expressed in group C vs group M, group F vs group M, and group A vs group M, respectively. Using Gene Ontology term enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis, we identified the up-regulation of gene sets involved in extracellular space,receptor binding, and monoamine neurotransmitter metabolism, and the down-regulation of gene sets involved in immune response and inflammatory response as the prevailing transcriptomic signatures in the pituitary gland of rats treated with CRS,fluoxetine, or acupuncture.CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that acupuncture has a multitarget antidepressant effect at the molecular and behavioral levels.展开更多
文摘言语行为理论(теория речевых актов)的产生和发展,首先应归功于牛津学派的逻辑学家Дж.Остин。1955年他在美国哈佛大学所作的著名的语言学讲座,于1962以“How to do things with words”为题发表(苏联学者将此著作译为俄语时用了“Слово как действие”),成为言语行为理论的奠基著作和理论核心。此理论后经美国逻辑学家Дж.Серлъ和英国逻辑学家П.Стросон发展、完善,逐渐形成较为完整的理论体系、课题范畴和方法论基础。
基金Project(2006AA11Z104) supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China
文摘For the purpose of describing the deformation characteristics of rocks,the effect of volume changes on mechanical properties of rocks should be taken into account with relation to the development of constitutive model.Firstly,rocks are divided into three parts,i.e.,voids,a damaged part and an undamaged part in the course of loading.The void ratio was applied to describing the changes of voids or pores during the deformation process.Then,using statistical damage theory,a constitutive model was developed for rocks to describe their strain softening and hardening on the basis of investigating the relationship between the net stress and apparent stress,in which the influence of volume changes on rock behavior was correctly taken into account,such as the initial phase of compaction and the latter stage of dilation.Thirdly,a method of determining model parameters was also presented.Finally,this model was used to compare the theoretical results with those observed from experiments under conventional triaxial loading conditions.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81373729)the Outstanding doctoral dissertation guidance teachers of science and technology projects of Beijing(No.YB20091002601)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the antidepressant mechanism of acupuncture at the molecular level in the pituitary gland of rats exposed to chronic restraint stress(CRS).METHODS: Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into a control group(C), model group(M), fluoxetine group(F), and acupuncture group(A). CRS was induced in the model group by restraining rats for 28 days. Groups F and A were given fluoxetine administration and acupuncture intervention, respectively, 1 h before the CRS procedures were implemented. On the 29 th day, rat pituitary glands were harvested for RNA extraction and RNA-sequencing analysis.RESULTS: Differentially expressed gene analysis identified 148, 87, and 179 response genes differen-tially expressed in group C vs group M, group F vs group M, and group A vs group M, respectively. Using Gene Ontology term enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis, we identified the up-regulation of gene sets involved in extracellular space,receptor binding, and monoamine neurotransmitter metabolism, and the down-regulation of gene sets involved in immune response and inflammatory response as the prevailing transcriptomic signatures in the pituitary gland of rats treated with CRS,fluoxetine, or acupuncture.CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that acupuncture has a multitarget antidepressant effect at the molecular and behavioral levels.
