商品经济中市民社会的行为准则——论民法的功能和作用

民法质的规定性、内部互相联系的各构成要素及结构，决定其具有调整商品经济的特殊功能及在政治、经济领域的独特作用．只有在民主的大环境中，民法才能充分发挥其功能．民法特殊的规范、手段和民事责任形式，决定其对市场经济的作用是不可替代的．

Analysis and Synthesis Concept of Caring in Nursing Professional

The purpose of this study was to analyze and synthesize a concept of caring in nursing professionals. The Ethnographic Delphi Future Research （EDFR） contained two phases： Phase 1： The analysis and synthesis of the concept of caring theory in nursing professionals from the literature, research and interviews. The participants were an expert in education, two nurses, two patients and two members of the patients＇ families. The research instrument was a semi-structural questionnaire. The data were analyzed by content analysis and categorized; and Phase 2： The selection of the expressions of caring behavior and guidelines for promotion of caring behavior in new nurses. The participants were two experts in education, eight experts in nursing administration and eight experts in nursing practice. The research instruments were three questionnaires. The data from the first Delphi technique were analyzed by the experts＇ recommendations. The data from the second and third Delphi technique were analyzed by the median and interquartile range of each behavior and consensus. The findings showed the main contents of caring that contained six components as follows： kindness, understanding worth and showing respect, professional relationship, professional competency, professional ethics, and holistic care. The training was a method for promotion of caring behavior. Additionally, in the the first Delphi technique, the experts approved all of the components of caring behavior and the guidelines for promotion of caring behavior as identified in the researchers＇ concepts. However, the researchers＇ concepts were developed 54 caring behaviors while the experts＇ opinion were 50 caring behaviors. In the second and third Delphi technique, all items of caring behaviors get consensus shown by interquartile range not more than 1.5 and the median since 3.5.

A unified criterion for yielding behavior of metallic glasses

The yield behavior of metallic glasses was studied. Three yield criteria, including von Mises yield criterion, Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion and the unified yield criterion were used to describe the yield phenomena of the metallic glasses. Two classes of the experimental data were chosen to draw the yield loci using the unified yield criterion. It is shown that the unified yield criterion can be used to describe the yield behavior of the metallic glasses no matter whether the metallic glasses show strength- different effect or non-strength-different effect. Almost all the widely accepted yield criteria are the subsets of the unified yield criterion if the intermediate principle stress and/or the intermediate principle shear stress are not considered at all.

Nay or Jain Nyay 2： Logic of Atheism of Jain Dharm

Ethos and logos of the Jain thought and practice （world view） is based on reality perceived by senses. Atheistic roots of Jain Dharm have nourished growth, maintained viability and vitality, and kept it relevant for over the last five millennia. Unlike Judeo-Christian-Islam or Brahminical faith, it does not rely on omniscient supreme or god. Its atheistic and anti-theistic thrust is generally known, yet its followers do not call themselves Nastik （non-believers）. They emphasize action-consequence relations as guide for successful behaviors with ethical conduct. The basis of their arguments follows from the Jain logic （Saptbhangi Syad Nay） of evidence based inference with multiple orthogonal affirmed assertions （Jain 2011）. It conserves information by acknowledging the remaining doubt in an inference. It does not assume binary complementation to force closure for deduction with incomplete knowledge which leads to self-reference and loss of information. This approach offers a rational and practical alternative to conundrum of western atheism even though its arguments are logical and consistent with available evidence. It also obviates need to extract religious morality from social mores. Objective truth and knowledge of established generalizations is necessary but not sufficient for subjective searches to shape desires and for what the future ought to be.

Introduction on Several Convemions of Contemporary Accounting

Accounting conventions are concepts and rules which have been generally accepted in performing accounting. It came from a careful observation of accounting practice, the accounting practice revealed patterns of consistent behavior.

Numerical simulation of triaxial compression test for brittle rock sample using a modified constitutive law considering degradation and dilation behavior

The understanding of the rock deformation and failure process and the development of appropriate constitutive models are the basis for solving problems in rock engineering. In order to investigate progressive failure behavior in brittle rocks, a modified constitutive model was developed which follows the principles of the continuum damage mechanics method. It incorporates non-linear Hoek-Brown failure criterion, confining pressure-dependent strength degradation and volume dilation laws, and is able to represent the nonlinear degradation and dilation behaviors of brittle rocks in the post-failure region. A series of triaxial compression tests were carried out on Eibenstock(Germany) granite samples. Based on a lab data fitting procedure, a consistent parameter set for the modified constitutive model was deduced and implemented into the numerical code FLAC3 D. The good agreement between numerical and laboratory results indicates that the modified constitutive law is well suited to represent the nonlinear mechanical behavior of brittle rock especially in the post-failure region.

Introduction on Several Conventions of Contemporary Accounting

Accounting conventions are concepts and rules which have been generally accepted in performing accounting. It came from a careful observation of accounting practice, the accounting practice revealed patterns of consistent behavior.

Unified analytical solutions for a circular opening based on non-linear unified failure criterion

Unified analytical solutions are presented for the predictions of the stresses and displacements around a circular opening based on nonqinear unified failure criterion and the elastic-brittle-plastic softening model. Unified analytical solutions not only involve generally traditional solutions which are based on the Hock-Brown （H-B） failure criterion or the non-linear twin-shear failure criterion, but also involve other new results. The results of the radius of plastic zone, radial displacements and stresses are obviously different using three rock masses when different values of the unified failure criterion parameter or different material behavior models are used. For a given condition, the radius of plastic zone and radial displacements are reduced by increasing the unified failure criterion parameter. The latent potentialities of rock mass result from considering the effect of intermediate principal stress. It is shown that proper choices of the failure criterion and the material behavior model for rock mass are significant in the tunnel design.

Failure behavior and criteria of metallic glasses

Metallic glasses(MGs)constitute an emerging class of advanced structural materials due to their excellent mechanical properties.However,brittle failure at room temperature and the resultant complicated fracture behavior greatly limit their wide engineering applications.Over the past decades,the deformation and fracture in ductile or brittle mode referring to material compositions,load conditions,sample size,etc.,have been widely studied,and significant progress has been made in understanding the failure behavior of MGs.Micromechanisms of fracture have been revealed involving shear banding,cavitation and the nature of the crack tip field.The ductile-to-brittle transition and inherent governing parameters have been found.To well describe and predict the failure behavior of MGs,failure criteria for ductile and brittle MGs have been established empirically or based on atomic interactions.In this paper,we provide a detailed review of the above advances and identify outstanding issues in the failure of MGs that need to be further clarified.