基于功能-原理-行为-结构的产品模块化设计方法

把机械产品的迭代设计分解拓扑模型与模块化设计方法相结合,提出了基于功能-原理-行为-结构的机械产品模块化设计方法。主要讨论了基于功能-原理-行为-结构的产品迭代设计分解原理;分析了设计分解过程中功能→原理行为→结构→功能的演进的纵向迭代过程;探讨了产品设计分解的横向动态建模方法;产品迭代设计分解过程引入模块化方法,建立了基于功能-原理-行为-结构的复杂机械系统模块化设计基本方法。

基于功能-行为-结构的产品概念模块设计研究

为更好地实现产品的模块化设计,在基于功能-行为-结构的产品概念设计过程中引入模块划分技术,提出了一种基于功能-行为-结构的产品概念模块设计方法和过程模型;分析了根据产品的总体技术目标特征,进行产品功能、行为、概念结构求解与功能分解的迭代过程的产品概念设计分解方法。为描述概念产品,将黑箱法和IDEF0功能描述方法相结合,建立了产品功能-概念结构模型。在此基础上,建立了产品概念要素(功能、行为、概念结构、接口)的相关关系分析方法,进而采用模糊聚类算法进行产品概念要素聚合,以实现产品概念模块的划分。该方法应用于堆垛机货叉机构的概念设计过程,实现了货叉机构的概念模块的设计。

意象驱动基于功能-行为-结构的产品造型设计研究

为建立产品功能和结构与产品造型之间的有效连接,引入功能-行为-结构(Function-Behavior-Structure,FBS)模型分析产品要素组成,以意象为约束驱动产品功能到造型的转化。建立基于FBS的产品意象造型递进式映射策略,以功能和结构相似度为约束选择产品造型模块,利用逼近理想解排序法(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution,TOPSIS)从功能、结构与产品意象三方面实现对产品造型模块的选择排序,从而有助于实现产品功能模块布局与用户对造型意象感知的合理结合。最后,以煤矿钻机的意象造型设计为例验证了方法的有效性。

融合功能-行为-结构理论与概念-知识理论的电动工具产品可变功能再设计方法

为辅助设计人员对具有可变功能的电动工具产品进行设计开发,在对多种电动工具产品进行分析的基础上提出了融合功能-行为-结构理论与概念-知识理论的电动工具产品可变功能再设计方法。这一方法通过概念-知识理论指导功能-行为-结构映射过程,对实现相同行为的不同执行机构加以组合,最终实现电动工具的可变功能。基于这一方法开发了辅助设计软件,通过对固定功能电钻进行可变功能再设计实例,验证了这一方法的可行性。

基于“功能-行为-结构”的软件定义卫星系统研究与设计

随着全球在轨卫星的迅猛发展,传统的特定任务、特定载荷和特定软件的卫星系统设计和研制面临着系统软硬件耦合紧密、功能无法在轨重构和成本高昂等问题,难以适应不断变化的应用需求,研究软件定义技术是实现卫星系统从平台和载荷优先向智能化和网络化的算法优先过渡的必要途径.为实现天基卫星平台的开放系统架构,在结构化和面向对象的软件工程基础上,本文提出一种基于“功能-行为-结构”的软件定义卫星(SDS-FBS)系统设计方法.首先根据业务需求确定系统的功能;其次,针对系统功能,根据“功能-行为”映射生成系统的行为;再由“行为-结构”映射设计系统的结构;最后形成SDS-FBS系统的设计方案,融合结构化和面向对象高级编程语言实现SDS-FBS系统原型,并结合实例对设计方案进行分析.本研究通过软硬件结合动态定义卫星系统功能,实现卫星载荷和应用软件的按需加载,能灵活适应多任务和多类用户需求,对于提高未来新一代卫星系统的维护性、重用性、灵活性和扩展性具有重要意义.

功能—运动行为—结构的概念设计模型及运动行为的多层表示

在机械运动系统概念设计中 ,引入运动行为层 ,给出了功能—运动行为—结构的设计模型。运动行为知识的多层表示使概念设计在多层次上产生新解 ,并使功能→运动行为→结构的推理过程实用化 ,最后给出了简单和复杂运动行为知识多层表示的示例。

基于功能—行为—结构情景设计的未预见发现构造模型驱动产品创新

分析描述性设计和情景设计的两种方法。未预见发现(Unexpected discovery,UXD)是一种驱动产品创新的科学认知设计过程。在情景类比设计过程中,通过寻找UXD来实现产品创新设计。建立功能—行为—结构(Function-behaviour-structure,FBS)模型和UXD分析模块,将情景设计与所建立的设计模块有机地结合在一起,实现产品的创新。介绍情景设计与非情景设计对FBS和UXD的影响。水龙头与房门的情景类比实例,验证了情景设计用于产品创新是行之有效的。

基于DFAD-FBS的自适应前臂骨折外固定护具设计

目的 针对前臂骨折外固定护具实时贴合性差的问题,进行自适应前臂骨折外固定护具产品设计研究。方法 将自适应设计方法(DFAD)与功能-行为-结构模型(FBS)相结合,构建自适应前臂骨折外固定护具设计方法,并基于形状记忆聚合物的仿生设计研究,进行自适应前臂骨折外固定护具产品设计。结果 基于DFAD-FBS设计方法对前臂骨折外固定护具进行分析,将仿生蜂窝结构的形状记忆聚合物应用于自适应前臂骨折外固定护具产品设计,并通过有限元分析和贴合度试验验证了产品设计的可行性。结论 DFAD-FBS设计方法为解决前臂骨折外固定护具的实时贴合问题提供了新的方向,并验证了形状记忆聚合物用于解决前臂骨折外固定护具贴合性的可行性,对产品的适应性设计问题提供了有意义的参考。

本体在产品知识S-B-F表达模型中的应用研究

设计了基于本体的产品知识结构-行为-功能表达模型。根据本体构建原则和方法,结合语义Web的建模语言OWL,论述了模型中流和行为/功能本体的构建,并以齿轮泵为例进行描述。最后给出了应用分析,证明了本体技术在产品知识建模中的实用性。

基于FBS模型的小型机械产品可变功能再设计

以机械系统可变功能再设计为研究目标,在简要论述可变功能产品相关设计要求的基础上,提出了一种支持小型机械产品可变功能再设计的系统框架,将FBS设计过程模型应用于可变功能再设计中,并基于FBS模型进行了再设计过程构建及特点分析。在提出行为链的基础上,分析了典型可变功能机械行为链的相似特性,指出再设计的关键是行为结构变型与创新。最后,以市场上微耕机设计为实例,分析提出了基于FBS模型的再设计过程。分析结果表明,基于FBS模型的再设计方法在小型机械产品再设计中能较好实现功能再设计,为机械产品面向可变功能再设计的理论研究奠定了一定的基础。

采用状态空间模型的产品设计行为预测

为在设计阶段预测产品运行中可能出现的问题,根据状态空间模型在系统预测方面的优势,结合扩展的功能-行为-结构模型在设计分析方面的优势,将原理知识、结构信息和状态变量包括在方程之内,建立了从设计过程到状态空间的映射模型.系统行为预测的关键步骤包括获取结构信息、约束信息和确定状态变量,以及初值、确定输入信息和计算方法在内的使用状态空间模型,并通过某型号发动机的活塞运动学和摩擦学行为预测实例,验证了映射模型的有效性.实验结果表明,所建立的模型能够准确地预测活塞的运动学和摩擦学行为,可作为优化系统结构和获取系统设计理由知识的有效设计工具.

概念设计中的F-B-S-E模型和作用流方法

在机械运动系统概念设计中 ,引入工作环境的概念 ,给出了功能—行为—结构—工作环境的功能设计信息模型 ,通过输入输出作用流表达运动行为。与目前普遍使用的输入输出对象方法 (“三流”———物料、能量和信息流 )相比 ,此方法不仅更适合于概念设计 ,而且具有重要意义。基于以上策略 ,通过分析设计、工作环境、设计的部件、属性及其属性表达以及约束等等之间相关的“作用流”

Size-dependent behaviors of viscoelastic axially functionally graded Timoshenko micro-beam considering Poisson effects

A size-dependent continuum-based model is developed for the functionally graded(FG)Timoshenko micro-beams with viscoelastic properties,in which material parameters vary according to the power law along its axial direction.The size effect is incorporated by employing the modified couple stress theory and Kelvin-Voigt viscoelastic model,so that viscous components are included in the stress and the deviatoric segments of the symmetric couple stress tensors.The components of strain,curvature,stress and couple stress are formulated by combining them with the Timoshenko beam theory.Based on the Hamilton principle,the governing differential equations and boundary conditions for the micro-beam are expressed with arbitrary beam section shape and arbitrary type of loads.The size effect,FG effect,Poisson effect,and the influence of the beam section shape on the mechanical behaviors of viscoelastic FG micro-beams are investigated by taking the simply supported micro-beam subjected to point load as an example.Results show that the size effect on deflection,normal stress and couple stress are obvious when the size of the micro-beam is small enough,and the FG effects are obvious when the size of the micro-beam is large enough.Moreover,the Poisson ratio influences the size effect significantly and the beam section shape is also an important factor influencing the mechanical behavior of the micro-beam.

Dissolution behavior of calcium-magnesium-silicate glass fiber

The dissolution behavior of CaO-MgO-SiO2 glass fiber was investigated by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer （FTIR） and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy （ICP-AES） using in-vitro tests. The results show that the soaked fiber is surrounded by an outer calcium-magnesium silicate hydrated layer, and there exists a balancing fimction between the formation and abscission of the hydrated layer during the dissolution process. The concentrations of leached ions increase constantly, and the mass loss of the fibers and pH changes of the solution are found to rise rapidly during the initial dissolution process, then their increasing rates are controlled by the balancing function of the hydrated layer at the subsequent dissolution stages. The dissolution rate constant and time for complete dissolution are estimated to be 274 ng/（cm2.h） and 15.2 d, respectively, presenting preferable biosolubilities.

Regime Behavior in the Sea Surface Temperature-Cloud Radiative Forcing Relationships over the Pacific Cold Tongue Region

Previous analyses on the estimates of water vapor and cloud-related feedbacks in the tropics usually use observations over the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment （ERBE） period （1985-89）. To examine the sample dependence of previous estimates, the authors extend the analysis to two additional periods： 1990-94 and 1995-99. The results confirm our hypothesis, i.e., the values of the feedbacks depend on the period of data coverage. The differences in the feedbacks from cloud radiative forcings （CRFs） estimated from the three periods are particularly significant. Two possible causes for these differences are proposed. First, a regime behavior in the CRFs-Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly （SSTA） rela- tionship over the cold tongue region is revealed： when SSTA is below -0.5℃, the CRF anomalies are insensitive to the SSTA; when the SSTA is between -0.5℃ and 2.0℃, the CRF anomalies are positively correlated with the SSTA; however, when the SSTA exceeds 2.0℃, the CRF anomalies decrease with the SSTA. This regime behavior is due to the regime behavior of cirrostratus and deep convective clouds. Second, the CRFs-SSTA relationship is regulated by remote forcings. Warming of the far eastern equatorial Pacific would reduce the water vapor convergence over the central Pacific by weakening the trade wind over the southeastern Pacific, thereby reducing the feeding of moisture to the convective flow. The results suggest that CRFs-SSTA relationships during ENSO events are nonlinear and strongly depend on the magnitude and the spatial distribution of the SSTA.

Development and validation of a rapid psychosocial well-being screening tool in patients with metastatic breast cancer

Objective The aim of this study was to develop and validate a rapid psychosocial well-being screening tool for metastatic breast cancer patients(MBC-PsySoc-Well-being).Methods Applying a mixed method approach,the study was conducted in two phases.Phase 1,a focus group method was employed for item development,and three focus group sessions were conducted,with patients,caregivers,and medical professionals,respectively.Phase 2,validity and reliability testing were performed.Five experts reviewed items for content validity.Construct validity,criterion-related validity,internal consistency,and test-retest reliability were conducted among a sample of 53 patients with metastatic breast cancer.Results Six themes were qualitatively analyzed based on focus group participants’responses.Eight items were then developed based on these themes.The index of Item-Objective Congruence scored by the experts ranged from 0.6 to 1.0.An exploratory factor analysis yielded three factors:Being curious and active in information seeking,Enthusiasm to return to a normal life,and Adjusting to positive lifestyle.The total scores of MBC-PsySoc-Well-being and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer’s Quality of Life Core Questionnaire(EORTC QLQ-C30)were moderately correlated(r=0.404,P=0.003).Cronbach’sαcoefficient of the overall scale was 0.686.Pearson correlation coefficients of items between two tests within 14-day ranged from 0.410 to 0.673.Conclusion This study represents an initiative to develop a rapid psychosocial well-being screening tool for patients with metastatic breast cancer.The results from validity and reliability testing indicate that the scale is moderately suitable for application to patients with metastatic breast cancer.However,a larger scale study should be further administered to confirm the validity and reliability of the measurement.

Study on Volterra-Laguerre behavioral model for RF power amplifier

Voherra series behavioral model for radio frequency （RF） power amplifier （PA） has been widely used in system-level simulation, however, high computational complexity makes this kind of model limited to ＂weak＂ nonlinearity. In order to reduce the computational complexity and the number of coefficients of Volterra series kernels, a Volterra series improved behavioral model based on Laguerre orthogonal polynomials function, namely Voherra-Laguerre behavioral model, is proposed. Mathematical expressions of Volterra-Laguerre behavioral model is derived, and accuracy of the model is verified through comparison of measured and simulation output data from a freescale PA using MRF21030 transistor. Mathematical analysis and simulation results show that Voherra-Laguerre behavioral model has a simple structure, much less coefficients and better modeling performance than general Volterra series model. The model can be used more correctly for system-level simulation of RF PA with wideband signal.

Research and implementation on multi-dimension trust evaluation method with web service

Integrating with practical e-commerce application, this paper introduces a novel multi-dimension evaluation method to depict and calculate the trust values. The multi-dimension evaluation metrics include functional and nonfunctional properties and corresponding weights. The continuous measurement values and the Markov chain mechanism are adopted to compute the trust value and detect the malicious behaviors. The current evaluation has larger influence factor on the next transaction behavior. A trust model is implemented with web service which consists of publication, filtrating, calculating and storage center. It is easily extended and the user only defines each property and its weights according to specific requirements, then the trust values are got. In order to conveniently manage and avoid the dead-lock, some constraint rules are proposed. The results show that the method based on multi-dimension can reflect objectively the dynamic change of trust values.

基于FBS场景构建的产品预期失效分析方法

为降低产品因设计而发生失效的概率,提高产品失效预测的准确性,以场景构建理论为基础,通过构建功能-行为-结构(Function-Behavior-Structure,FBS)设计场景,开展产品预期失效分析方法的研究。首先根据功能-行为-结构映射提出逆映射并采用规范式表达构建产品设计过程成功场景,通过逆向提问获取失效场景,并根据功能、行为和结构三类失效表现形式挖掘失效场景形成原因,预测其失效模式;然后应用当前现实树和冲突解决图表确定失效根本原因及存在的冲突,并结合TRIZ工具提出解决策略;最后通过流体自动灌装鹤管的预期失效分析验证该方法的可行性。

基于FBS模型和TOPSIS法的手部康复产品设计

为解决现有手部康复训练产品结构复杂、便携性差及使用场景受限等问题,提出功能-行为-结构(Function-Behavior-Structure,FBS)模型和逼近理想解排序法(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution,TOPSIS)相结合的产品创新设计方法。通过问卷和深度访谈获取用户手部康复需求,运用层次分析法确定用户需求权重;结合人手的生理结构和运动特性对产品进行功能—行为—结构的逐级映射,并对设计方案进行发散和整合;运用TOPSIS法对设计方案进行综合评价,筛选出最优方案,并对其进行可行性验证。以一种满足用户复杂康复需求的手部康复训练产品为例,验证了设计方法的可行性,为同类产品的创新设计提供新路径。