湖南某民办医学院校大学生COVID-19防护知信行现状分析

目的 了解民办医学院校大学生对新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的防护认知现状,为相关部门和高校制定精准防控策略及开展有效健康教育提供依据。方法 通过微信和QQ,以方便抽样法对1 219名民办医学院校大学生为研究对象,采用自行编制的调查问卷进行调查。结果 民办医学院校大学生COVID-19知识平均得分(58.68±10.59)分,总知晓率为78.24%;态度得分(12.49±2.12)分,较为积极;面对疫情时采取防护行为平均得分(8.81±1.65)分。大学生对COVID-19防控知识中常见症状和新型冠状病毒的易感人群知晓率分别为98.11%和90.89%,但对COVID-19预后情况和正确洗手方法的知晓率仅为38.80%和49.71%。74.16%的大学生有充分的信心相信人类能够战胜此次突发的疫情;79.66%的大学生愿意加入防控志愿者;79.33%的在校大学生关注COVID-19的抗疫情况。大学生防护行为上较积极,但仅64.15%的学生不听信谣言抢购特殊物资。结论 该民办医学院校大学生对COVID-19态度较积极,防护行为较好,但仍需采取有效措施加强对COVID-19薄弱环节的认知教育。

某院临床医务人员营养知识-态度-行为的调查与分析

目的了解某院医务人员营养知识-态度-行为(knowledge,attitude and practice,KAP)现状及其相互关系,分析营养KAP的特点以及影响因素,为实施相关继续教育提供依据。方法采用问卷调查方法,对某院199名临床医务人员进行营养KAP现况调查,并采用频度描述、相关性分析及描述性分析等进行统计学处理。结果营养K、A、P之间存在相关性(K与A的相关系数r=0.334,K与P的r=0.410,A与P的r=0.480);营养K、A、P的得分及格率分别为64.8%、92.0%、79.4%,其中K受职务、学历、职称、工作年限、科别及受教育背景影响较大(P<0.05);P与职别、学历、职称、科别相关(P<0.05);A不受全部6项调查因素的影响(P>0.05)。结论某院临床医务人员的营养态度良好,营养行为有待规范,营养知识不全面,临床营养部分尤其缺乏。有必要针对性地分层次对临床医务人员进行继续营养教育,提升临床营养管理质量。

农村初中生艾滋病预防知识-态度-行为-效能的调查

目的了解农村初中生艾滋病预防知识-态度-行为-效能的现状,为实施农村中学生艾滋病预防教育提供科学依据。方法整群抽取7所农村中学共计500名初中生,采用《学生艾滋病预防问卷》,以不记名自填方式进行调查。结果 7所学校学生总体得分存在显著差异(F=4.85,P<0.001);男生的得分高于女生(t=3.204,P<0.001);多因素回归分析表明,知识、学校、性别对艾滋病防治行为均有正性影响(t=3.18,3.19,8.16;P<0.01)。结论所调查的7所中学预防艾滋病教育效果存在差异,以知识积累为主,态度和效能改善为辅的防艾教育策略是促成行为改变的重要举措。

意义生成视角下90后员工工作社交媒体使用的态度和行为研究

本文主要基于意义生成视角,运用扎根理论对拥有丰富社交媒体使用经验,对作为职场新人的90后员工的社交媒体使用态度和行为进行研究。研究发现,90后员工工作社交媒体使用态度和行为确实存在着明显的分区;构建了包括"工作社交媒体沉浸""工作社交媒体倦怠""工作社交媒体粉饰"和"工作社交媒体规避"四维态度和行为组合模型,探究了态度和行为模式背后的内在机理和深层次原因。根据上述发现,管理者可以从意义生成视角重新认知员工的行为和态度模式,管理者必须动态、辩证地看待员工社交媒体使用过程中的行为和态度矛盾。在企业使用社会媒体的过程中,企业应注重引导员工建立更强的社会联系,同时提高企业社会媒体对员工的透明度和开放度。

“漂绿”感知对消费者绿色购买行为的影响——基于态度-行为-情景理论的视角

随着消费者对环境问题的日益关注,绿色营销正在成为企业获得竞争优势的重要途径。然而,在实际情景中,很多企业打着绿色的名号,进行“漂绿”营销。因此,本研究基于态度-行为-情境理论,探究其对消费者的影响及其相关的后果,并通过引入绿色口碑作为中介因素,分析消费者的“漂绿”感知和绿色购买行为之间的作用机制,期望对绿色消费行为的领域做出贡献。

Numerical Investigations on Transient Behaviours of Two 3-D Freely Floating Structures by Using a Fully Nonlinear Method

Two floating structures in close proximity are very commonly seen in offshore engineering. They are often subjected to steep waves and, therefore, the transient effects on their hydrodynamic features are of great concem. This paper uses the quasi arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian finite element method （QALE-FEM）, based on the fully nonlinear potential theory （FNPT）, to numerically investigate the interaction between two 3-D floating structures, which undergo motions with 6 degrees of freedom （DOFs）, and are subjected to waves with different incident angles. The transient behaviours of floating structures, the effect of the accompanied structures, and the nonlinearity on the motion of and the wave loads on the structures are the main focuses of the study. The investigation reveals an important transient effects causing considerably larger structure motion than that in steady state. The results also indicate that the accompanied structure in close proximity enhances the interaction between different motion modes and results in stronger nonlinearity causing 2hal-order component to be of similar significance to the fundamental one.

Knowledge,attitude and behaviour to evidence-based practice among psychiatric nurses:A cross-sectional survey

Objective To identify the status of knowledge,attitude,and behaviour toward evidence-based practice(EBP)among Chinese psychiatric nurses,and to examine the influencing factors of EBP behaviour.Methods We utilised a cross-sectional design.A total of 923 psychiatric nurses from 168 hospitals in 27 provinces in the mainland of China participated in our survey.The EBP questionnaire,the barriers to research utilisation scale and the facilitators to research utilisation scale were used for data collection via WeChat group from July 2018 to April 2019.Multiple regression analysis was used to analyse the influencing factors of psychiatric nurses’evidence-based practice behaviour.Results The score of Chinese psychiatric nurses’EBP attitude,behaviour and knowledge were 4.81±1.34,4.11±1.36 and 3.53±1.29,respectively.Multiple regression analysis showed that nurses’EBP behaviour was mainly determined by knowledge and attitude,which together explained 61.8%of the variance.The two top barriers were the dimensions of presentation and research.Facilitators include managerial support,employing nurses with research skills as models and providing advanced education on evidence-based nursing.Conclusion Psychiatric nurses have positive attitudes toward EBP,but their level of knowledge and behaviour is insufficient.Heavy workload,insufficient time,and a lack of knowledge and skills is the main barrier.Managerial support,employing nurses with research skills as models and providing advanced education are the main facilitators.

Bistability Analysis of Excitatory-Inhibitory Neural Networks in Limited-Sustained-Activity Regime

Bistable behavior of neuronal complex networks is investigated in the limited-sustained-activity regime when the network is composed of excitatory and inhibitory neurons.The standard stability analysis is performed on the two metastable states separately.Both theoretical analysis and numerical simulations show consistently that the difference between time scales of excitatory and inhibitory populations can influence the dynamical behaviors of the neuronal networks dramatically,leading to the transition from bistable behaviors with memory effects to the collapse of bistable behaviors.These results may suggest one possible neuronal information processing by only tuning time scales.

Dynamic indentation response of porous SiC/Ti-based metallic glass composite

Porous SiC/Ti-based metallic glass composite (Ti-BMGC), a new kind of composite, has significant application prospectin the field of light armor. To evaluate the dynamic mechanical response of the composite, dynamic Vickers hardness andindentation-induced deformation behavior were investigated by comparison with that under static indentation. The dynamic hardnesswas measured by a modified split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). The dynamic hardness is obviously greater than the statichardness. The brittleness parameter under dynamic indentation is also greater than that under static indentation. Although thedynamic indentation induced more severe deformation behavior than the static indentation, the deformation and fracturecharacteristics in the two loading cases are nearly the same, both exhibiting extensive cracks in the SiC phase and severe plasticdeformation in the metallic glass phase.

Effect of strain rate and water-to-cement ratio on compressive mechanical behavior of cement mortar

Effects of strain rate and water-to-cement ratio on the dynamic compressive mechanical behavior of cement mortar are investigated by split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB) tests. 124 specimens are subjected to dynamic uniaxial compressive loadings.Strain rate sensitivity of the materials is measured in terms of failure modes, stress-strain curves, compressive strength, dynamic increase factor(DIF) and critical strain at peak stress. A significant change in the stress-strain response of the materials with each order of magnitude increase in strain rate is clearly seen from test results. The slope of the stress-strain curve after peak value for low water-to-cement ratio is steeper than that of high water-to-cement ratio mortar. The compressive strength increases with increasing strain rate. With increase in strain rate, the dynamic increase factor(DIF) increases. However, this increase in DIF with increase in strain rate does not appear to be a function of the water-to-cement ratio. The critical compressive strain increases with the strain rate.

Fatigue behavior of press hardened Al-Si coated high strength steel

The fatigue behavior of press hardened Al-Si coated high strength steel has been investigated,and the fatigue strength turns out to be about 1 000 MPa.Surface morphology of fractured and non-fractured specimen has been observed,and the coating shows significant influence on the fatigue behavior.The difference of elastic modulus between coating and substrate led to the main cracks perpendicular to the loading direction.The coating close to fracture exfoliated thinly,while the coating far away from the fracture kept integrated.Though the specimen was polished to obtain high surface quality,3 types of cracks occurred during the fatigue test.What’s more,inclusion particles were proved to play a crucial role in causing these cracks.

Effect of temperature on leaching behavior of copper minerals with different occurrence states in complex copper oxide ores

The effect of temperature on leaching behavior of copper minerals with different occurrence states in complex copper oxide ores was carried out by phase analysis means of XRD, optical microscopy and SEM-EDS. The results indicated that at ambient temperature, the easily leached copper oxide minerals were completely dissolved, while the bonded copper minerals were insoluble. At lukewarm temperature of 40℃, it was mainly the dissolution of copper in isomorphism state. With increasing temperature to 60℃, the copper leaching rate in the adsorbed state was significantly accelerated. In addition, when the temperature increased to 80℃, the isomorphic copper was completely leached, leaving 11.2% adsorbed copper un-leached. However, the copper in feldspar-quartz-copper-iron colloid state was not dissolved throughout the leaching process. Overall, the leaching rates of copper in different copper minerals decreased in the order: malachite, pseudo-malachite > chrysocolla > copper-bearing chlorite > copper-bearing muscovite > copper-bearing biotite > copper-bearing limonite > feldspar-quartz-copper-iron colloid.

Investigation on hot deformation behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy

The hot compressive deformation of extruded AZ31magnesium alloy with the mass fractions of Al and Zn equal to 3 % and 1 % respectively is studied by a Gleeble-1500D thermal mechanical simulator over the temperature range from 200 ℃ to 400 ℃ and the strain rate from 10-3 s-1 to 100 s-1. The true stress-strain curves of the strain of 65 % are tested. The deformation activation energy is obtained and the flow stress model is established by analyzing the effects of strain rate and temperature on the flow stress. Zener-Hollomon parameter is introduced to describe the softening behaviors of AZ31 magnesium alloy resulted from dynamic recrystallization during the hot compressive deformation, whose natural logarithm is linear with the critical strain of dynamic recrystallization.

Study on English teachers＇ bias towards students of different genders

More and more scholars and researchers at home and abroad have gradually realized that teachers, especially English teachers, hold different attitudes and carry out different behaviors towards students of different genders during the teaching. There are many factors affecting the teachers＇ prejudiced attitudes and behaviors, such as teachers＇ stereotype, differences between male and female students, gender role expectation, etc. Teachers＇ bias attitudes and behaviors affect students＇ studies and development. Solutions are put forward to decline the influence of the teachers＇ prejudice on students＇ study and development.

Dynamic recrystallization behavior and kinetics of high strength steel

The dynamic recrystallization behavior of high strength steel during hot deformation was investigated.The hot compression test was conducted in the temperature range of 950-1150 °C under strain rates of 0.1,1 and 5 s-1.It is observed that dynamic recrystallization(DRX) is the main flow softening mechanism and the flow stress increases with decreasing temperature and increasing strain rate.The relationship between material constants(Q,n,α and ln A) and strain is identified by the sixth order polynomial fit.The constitutive model is developed to predict the flow stress of the material incorporating the strain softening effect and verified.Moreover,the critical characteristics of DRX are extracted from the stress-strain curves under different deformation conditions by linear regression.The dynamic recrystallization volume fraction decreases with increasing strain rate at a constant temperature or decreasing deformation temperature under a constant strain rate.The kinetics of DRX increases with increasing deformation temperature or strain rate.

Particle breakage and the mobilized drained shear strengths of sand

This paper presents particle breakage and the mobilized drained shear strengths of sand with the purpose of clarifying the influence of particle breakage on the mobilized shear strengths of sand. Several drained triaxial tests were carried out on Silica sand No.5 under 3 MPa confining pressure to produce the pre-crushed sands in simulating the high- pressure shear process on soil to result in particle breakage, and then the pre-crushed sands were re- sheared in series of drained triaxial tests to investigate the mobilized strengths of the pre-crushed sands in detecting the influence of particle breakage. It was found that, by deteriorating strain-stress behavior, particle breakage resulted in change of stress-dilataney behavior in translation and rotation of the relation of the dilatancy factor and the effective principal stress ratio. For a given initial void ratio, particle breakage resulted in impairment of dilatancy behavior of soil to be more contractive in deterioration of the mobilized friction angle and the mobilized dilatancy angle and reduction of void ratio. However, particle breakage resulted in increase of the mobilized basic friction angle especially before failure. In addition, the influence of particle breakage on the mobilized strengths was revealed to be influenced by the shear stress-strain state.

Study Rheological Behavior for Rapeseed Oils

Rheological behavior of this article presents rapeseed oil. Dynamic viscosity of rapeseed oil was determined at temperatures between 40 ℃-90 ℃ and shear rates ranging from 3.3-120 s1. All types of oils studied Bingham fluid behavior in the temperature range from 313-363 K. Correlation coefficients have similar values to one for all oils studied.

Strength behavior and collapse of spatial-reticulated structures under multi-support excitation

Under strong shocks,long-span spatial-latticed structures may collapse due to dynamic instability or strength failure.The elasto-plastic dynamic behaviors of three spatiallatticed structures,including two double-layer cylindrical shells and a spheri-cal shell used for the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing,were quantitatively examined under multi-support excitation(MSE) and uniform support excitation(USE).Numerical analyses described several important parameters such as the peak acceleration and displacement responses at key joints,the number and distribution of plastic elements,and the deformation of the shell at the moment of collapse.Results of the analysis revealed the features and the failure mechanism of the spatial-latticed structures under MSE and USE.In both scenarios,the double-layer reticulated shell collapsed in the "overflow" mode,collapse was govrned by the number of invalid plastic elements rather than the total number of plastic elements,and the collapse of the structure began with damage to certain local regions near the supports.By comparing the numbers and distributions of the plastic members under MSE to those under USE,it was observed that the plastic members spread more sufficiently and the internal forces were more uniform under MSE,especially for lower apparent velocities in soils.Due to the effects of pseudo-static displacement,the stresses in members near supports under MSE were higher than those under USE.These regions are prone to failure during earthquakes and deserve special attention in the seismic design of reticulated structures.

Critical Behaviors and Finite-Size Scaling of Principal Fluctuation Modes in Complex Systems

Complex systems consisting of N agents can be investigated from the aspect of principal fluctuation modes of agents. From the correlations between agents, an N × N correlation matrix C can be obtained. The principal fluctuation modes are defined by the eigenvectors of C. Near the critical point of a complex system, we anticipate that the principal fluctuation modes have the critical behaviors similar to that of the susceptibity. With the Ising model on a two-dimensional square lattice as an example, the critical behaviors of principal fluctuation modes have been studied. The eigenvalues of the first 9 principal fluctuation modes have been invesitigated. Our Monte Carlo data demonstrate that these eigenvalues of the system with size L and the reduced temperature t follow a finite-size scaling form λn(L, t) = Lγ/νf n(t L^(1/ν)), where γ is critical exponent of susceptibility and ν is the critical exponent of the correlation length. Using eigenvalues λ1, λ2 and λ6, we get the finite-size scaling form of the second moment correlation length ξ(L, t) = Lξ(tL^(1/ν)).It is shown that the second moment correlation length in the two-dimensional square lattice is anisotropic.

An optimized transmission line model of grounding electrodes under lightning currents

In this paper, an optimized transmission line model （OTL） for modeling transient behavior of grounding electrodes under lightning currents is presented. The soil ionization effect is considered in OTL, and all electromagnetic couplings between dif- ferent parts of grounding electrode are also considered by selecting the size of segment conductor properly and calculating the mutual coupling parameters between segment conductors accurately. Comparing with the traditional transmission line model, the optimized model can be used to accurately predict the effective length and transient potential rise （TPR） of grounding elec- trodes. Transient behaviors of grounding electrodes are simulated by OTL and the results are in good agreement with those of the electromagnetic model proposed by Grcev, and experiment results performed by Electricit6 de France and Geri. Further- more, non-uniform discharging phenomenon of grounding electrode under lightning current is discussed, and the effective lengths of horizontal grounding electrode under lightning currents are presented.