行乳三法

乳汁不行,又称乳脉不行,亦多与乳汁不通、乳汁不下、缺乳等互称。临床常见有两种情况:一是乳汁分泌障碍,内无乳汁可下,为真性缺乳,其中又有气血两涸化源不足和肝失疏泄影响分泌之不同;二是乳汁分泌正常,乳窍不通,乳汁不得出,是谓假性缺乳。笔者针对上述不同情况,采用峻补气血、疏肝养血和逐淤通窍三法辨治,均获满意效果,兹介绍于下。 1、峻补气血法用于产后气血两涸,化源不足而乳内无汁者。临床表现:产后即乳少清稀或全无,乳房干瘪、柔软,无胀痛,面色少华,神疲乏力,食欲不振,舌淡少苔,脉细弱。《傅青主女科》中说:“新产之妇,血已大亏,血本自顾不暇。

乳腺疾病患者经乳晕切口行乳腺手术治疗的病变组织清除效果研究

目的探讨乳腺纤维肿瘤、乳腺腺病等乳腺疾病患者通过经乳晕切口的乳腺手术治疗对其病变组织清除的治疗效果。方法从焦作市人民医院于2017年治疗的患者中选出60例乳腺疾病患者,根据患者手术治疗选择的不同为标准将其分为30例观察组和30例对照组,观察组患者采用经乳晕切口行乳腺手术治疗,对照组患者采用常规乳腺手术治疗,对两组患者的病变组织清除率以及并发症的发生情况作对比。结果观察组仅有2例患者病变组织清除不完全,病变组织清除率高达93.3%,比对照组患者的73.3%更高。并发症方面,观察组患者发生乳晕异常、切口感染情况的各1例,发生率为6.7%,对照组共计9例,并发症发生率为30%,明显高于观察组患者。结论为乳腺疾病患者提供经乳晕切口行乳腺手术的方法进行治疗,有助于帮助患者更彻底地清除病变组织,提高病变组织清除率,安全性高,具有很高的临床应用价值。

产后缺乳辨治五法

从疏肝理气,通络下乳;健脾燥湿,化痰行乳;健脾益气,养血生乳;滋阴补肾,生精化乳;调补冲任,升清通乳5个方面辨治缺乳,分别给予疏肝下乳汤、苍附导痰行乳汤、黄芪生乳方、滋肾化乳汤、升清通乳汤治之,均取佳效。

两种手术切口治疗乳腺纤维瘤的效果观察

目的对比分析乳腺纤维瘤环乳晕切口与传统放射状切口的治疗效果,为临床治疗提供参考。方法选取苏州科技城医院医院2017年6月至2019年2月收治的40例乳腺纤维瘤患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各20例。对照组患者采用常规放射状切口治疗,观察组患者采用环乳晕切口治疗。观察并比较两组临床疗效、围术期各项指标(术中出血量、手术用时和住院用时)、并发症发生情况;采用自制量表评估并比较两组患者满意度。结果观察组治疗总有效率为95.00%,高于对照组的70.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术中出血量明显低于对照组,手术用时和住院用时短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者的并发症总发生率为5.00%,明显低于对照组的35.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者的治疗总满意率为95.00%,高于对照组的65.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用乳腺纤维瘤环乳晕切口手术对乳腺纤维瘤患者进行治疗的效果明显优于传统放射状切口方法,可彻底切除病灶,缓解患者症状,提高患者的生活质量,并可同时降低术后并发症的发生风险,提高乳房的美观性,提高患者对治疗的满意度,临床应用价值显著,值得推广采纳。

Temperature-dependent aggregation of bio-surfactants in aqueous solutions of galactose and lactose:Volumetric and viscometric approach

Modulation in the aggregation behavior of bio-surfactants （bile salts）, sodium cholate （NaC） and sodium deoxycholate （NaDC） in aqueous solutions of carbohydrates （galactose and lactose） have been investigated by measuring the density （ρ）, speed of sound （u） and viscosity （η） of the mixtures at different temperatures 293.15, 298.15, 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K. The density and speed of sound data have been used to calculate various volumetric and compressibility parameters such as apparent molar volume （Vφ）, isentropic compressibil- ity （κs）, apparent molar adiabatic compression （κs,φ） to get a better insight into the micellization mechanism of bile salts. Further, the viscosity data have been studied in the light of relative viscosity （ηr） and viscous relaxation time （τ）. Some derived parameters such as free volume （νf）, internal pressure （πi） and molar cohesive energy （MCE） of NaC and NaDC in aqueous solution of saccharides have also been calculated from viscosity data in con- junction with density and speed of sound values. All the calculated and derived parameters provide qualitative information regarding the nature of interactions i.e. solute-solute, solute-solvent and solvent-solvent in the solution.

Thermal Decomposition and Kinetics of Mixtures of Polylactic Acid and Biomass during Copyrolysis

Thermal decomposition of polylactic acid （PLA） was studied in the presence of pine wood sawdust （PS）, walnut shell （WS）, corncob （CC） in order to understand the pyrolytic behavior of these components occurring in waste. A thermogravimetric analyzer （TGA） was applied for monitoring the mass loss profiles under heating rate of 10℃·min^-1. Results obtained from this comprehensive investigation indicated that PLA was decomposed in the temperature range 300 -372℃, whereas the thermal degradation temperature of biomass is 183-462℃. The difference of mass loss （AW） between experimental and theoretical ones, calculated as algebraic sums of those from each separated component, is about 17%-46% at 300-400℃. These experimental results indicated a significant synergistic effect during PLA and biomass copyrolysis. Moreover, a kinetic analysis was performed to fit thermogravimetric data, the global processes being considered as one to two consecutive reactions. A reasonable fit to the experimental data was obtained for all materials and their blends.

Phase Behavior and Structural Transitions in Sodium Dodecyl Sulfonate Microemulsions

The forming mechanism of microemulsion of sodium dodecyl sulfonate, alcohols,water and isooctane was studied, with particular emphasis on the effect of molecular weight andconcentration of alcohols. Phase diagram of the four components, alcohol, sodium dodecyl sulfonate,water and isooctane, was used as a means of study, through which the microemulsion regions weredetermined. Phase diagram of sodium dodecyl sulfonate/n-pentanol/isooctane/water system at κ_m = 2(κ_m = W_(n-pentanol)/W_(SDS)) is presented. The variation of conductivities of differentmicroemulsion samples with water was measured. From the conductivities we investigated a change instructure from water droplets in oil (W/O) at low water content to liquid crystal at intermediatewater content and a stricture of oil droplets in water (O/W) at high water content.

Kinetic and Phase Behaviors of Catalytic Cracking Dry Gas Hydrate in Water-in-Oil Emulsion

The systematic experimental studies were performed on the hydrate formation kinetics and gas-hydrate equilibrium for a simulated catalytic cracking gas in the water-in-oil emulsion. The effect of temperature, pressure and initial gas-liquid ratio on the hydrate formation was studied, respectively. The data were obtained at pressures ranging from 3.5 to 5 MPa and temperatur.es from 274.15 to 277.15 K. The results showed that hydrogen and methane can be separated Irom the （~2＋ ti＇action by tOrming hydrate at around 273.15 K which is much higher temperature than that of the cryogenic separation method, and the hydrate formation rate can be enhanced in the wa- ter-in-oil emulsion compared to pure water. The experiments provided the basic data for designing the industrial process, and setting the suitable operational conditions. The measured data ot gas-hydrate equilibria were compared with the predictions by using the Chen-Guo hydrate thermodynamic model.

Phase Behavior of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-n-Butanol-Kerosene-Water Microemulsion System

Experiments were carried out to investigate the influences of cation from electrolytes and acidity/alkalinity on the phase behavior of sodium dodecyl sulfate-n-butanol-organics-water （with electrolytes） microemulsion sys-tem. The organics used is commercial kerosene. The volume ratio of water to organics is 1︰1. The results show that the type and valence of electrolyte cations are important factors influencing the microemulsion behavior. Biva-lent Ca2＋is more effective than monovalent K＋and Na＋for the formation of Winsor type III and II microemulsion. For electrolytes with the same monovalent cation Na＋, i.e. NaCl and Na2CO3, anions in the electrolyte have some effect. Bivalent anion 23CO - leads to a lower activity of cation Na＋than monovalent anion Cl-. NaOH （or KOH） behaves similar with NaCl （or KCl）. When HCl is used as electrolyte, its acidity plays an important role. Phase in-version of microemulsion from type III （or II） to type I is observed through precipitation of Ca2＋using Na2CO3, neutralization of HCl by NaOH, and addition of water to the system, which releases the oil from the microemulsion.

Evidence of human papilloma virus infection and its epidemiology in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

AIM： To look for the evidence of human papilloma virus （HPV） infection in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas （ESCC） and to investigate the potential role and epidemiology of HPV infection in the pathogenesis of esophageal carcinomas in Henan emigrants. METHODS： Papilloma virus （PV） and HPV were determined by UltrasensiveTM S-P immunohistochemistry （IHC） and in situ hybridization （ISH） in esophageal carcinoma tissues （82 cases） and the normal mucosa （40 cases）. RESULTS： IHC revealed that the positive rate of PV was 75.0%, 68.18% and 72.5% respectively while the HPV （16/18-E6） positive rate was 45.0%, 36.36%, 37.5%, respectively in esophageal carcinoma tissue specimens from Henan emigrants,the local citizens and patients in Hubei Cancer Hospital. The PV and HPV （16/18-E6） were negative in all normal esophageal mucosa specimens. No correlation was found between HPV in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues and in grade 1-3 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells. In situ hybridization showed that the HPV （16/18） DNA positive rate was 30.0%, 31.8%, 25.0%, respectively in the 3 groups of samples. No positive hybridization signal was found in 40 normal esophageal mucosa specimens. The positive rate of HPV （16/18） DNA in the esophageal carcinoma specimens was significantly higher than that in normal mucosa specimens （P〈0.05）. The positive rate was not different among the 3 groups of esophageal carcinoma tissue specimens （P〉0.05）.CONCLUSION： HPV infection is high in esophageal carcinoma of Henan emigrants, local residents and patients in Hubei Cancer Hospital. HPV is closely related with esophageal squarnous cell carcinoma. HPV infection may play an important role in esophageal squarnous cell carcinoma.

Owls and Mobbing Behavior： Anecdotal Observations

Mobbing behavior is an important and widespread antipredatory behavior. This is a well-known behavior especially in birds. There are many studies about mobbing in birds, and most of them use owls as a model of predator. However it is not clear how mobbing works when a predator assume a role of a prey. In this paper we organize field observations, which were taken on records of mobbing behaviors performed by owls or by other animals against them. These observations were collected nearby four Brazilian cities in South-Eastern and Central Brazil： Joao Monlevade / MG, Sacramento / MG Baguari / MG and Cacu / GO. Events of mobbing behavior have always involved prey（s） and predator（s） thus, in this study we presents mobbing events which species of owl always were involved, and beside the owls, other animals like mammals or raptors. These records are important due to their infrequency and problems to be detected in natural field conditions. It is rare mobbing events when an owl assumes a role of a prey, and there are few studies that show the mobbing by the predator optics. The present data may contribute for elucidation of mobbing behavior intrinsic aspects.

Nisin Use to Control L. innocua in Experimentally Contaminated Gombasek Sausage

Meat is a rich nutrient matrix that provides a suitable environment for proliferation of meat spoilage microbiota and common food-bom pathogens, therefore adequate preservation has to be applied in order to preserve its safety and qualib：. Lantibiotic nisin is not conunonly used in the meat industry, in spite of its beneficial effect in e.g. dairy industry. Theretbre, here, the effect of nisin was searched in traditional fermented sausage Gombasek experimentally contaminated with Listeria innocua Lil strata Ihe antimicrobial effect of nisin was demonstrated by the Lil strain decrease at day 2 （after contamination） with the difference 1.79 logarithmic （log） cycles comparing with the control sausage （CLi）. At week l, the difference 4.14 log cycles was noted in the experimental sausages comparing with CLi sausages with prolonging inhibitory effect up to week 2; although the difference was diminished （1.82 log cycles）; but higher than at day 2, The pH values as well as lactic acid values were not influenced by the nisin treatment （pH value in the reference sausage was 5.0, in CLi 5.7 and in the experimental sausage E, 5.1; amount of lactic acid in t： was 0.099 mmol L^-1： and in CLi 0.107 mmol L^-1）.

Interventional effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on cancer-related fatigue in breast cancer patients: A systematic review

Objective:To evaluate the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on cancer-related fatigue in breast cancer patients.Methods:Computer search for CNKI,VIP,Wanfang database,CBM,PubMed,Embase,CINAHL,The Cochrane library as of 2019 randomized controlled trials on October 20 for cognitive behavioral therapy intervention for breast cancer due to fatigue.Results:A total of 6 RCTs were included,472 patients.Cognitive Behavioral Therapy has a strong effect on cancer related fatigue compared with the usual care[SMD=-1.19,95%CI(-1.86,-0.53),P=0.0004].Results:Available evidence suggests that CBT can alleviate cancer-related fatigue in breast cancer patients,and the above studies still need to continue to conduct relevant studies for validation.

Sorption and Diffusion Behavior of Carbon Dioxide into Poly（l-lactic acid） Films at Elevated Pressures

Equilibrium sorption amount, desorption diffusion coefficients and sorption diffusion coefficients of CO2 in poly（l-lactic acid） （PLLA） films at elevated pressures were determined by the gravimetric method, in which the Fick＇s diffusion model was applied to analyze both the desorption and sorption processes. The equilibrium sorption amount of CO2 in PLLA increased with lowering temperature and elevating pressure at the temperature range from 40 to 60 ℃ and pressure from 10^4 to 2x10^4 kPa. Desorption diffusion coefficients were greatly influenced by the equilibrium sorption amount, and they were in the same order of magnitude as the sorption diffusion coefficients. The scan electron microscope （SEM） photos demonstrated that there was no foaming phenomenon of the PLLA film during desorption and sorption processes. The XRD spectra implied that the crystalline degree of PLLA film decreased after CO2 processing. It was concluded that PLLA polymer could be well swollen and plasticized by supercritical CO2.

Degradation behaviors,thermostability and mechanical properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/polylactic acid blends

It is difficult for polyethylene terephthalate （PET） to degrade,which caused severe pollution.In this work,polylactic acid （PLA） was introduced to improve the degradation of PET.PET/PLA was synthesized by extrusion blending.The thermal,crystalline and mechanical properties of blends were investigated with TGA,DSC,WAXD and universal testing machine.The degradation of the blends in soil,acid and alkaline buffer solutions was assessed,respectively.It was found that the introduction of a little PLA promoted crystallization of PET during injection molding process.The starting decomposition temperature lowered from 412.1 ℃ of pure PET to 330.4 ℃ at 50% PLA content,tensile and bending strength of blends gradually decreased with the PLA content increasing,while the degradation rate improved.Alkaline environment was most beneficial for blends to degrade.The degradation mechanism was discussed.

Deformation behavior of high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composite prepared with asphalt emulsion

A novel engineered cementitious composite(ECC) was prepared with the complex binder of Portland cement and asphalt emulsion.By adjusting the amount of asphalt emulsion,different mixture proportions were adopted in experiments,including four-point bending test,compressive test,and scanning electric microscopy(SEM).The SEM observation was conducted to evaluate the contribution of polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) fiber and asphalt emulsion to the composite toughening mechanism.The tests results show that the most remarkable deflection-hardening behavior and saturated multiple cracking are achieved when the content of asphalt emulsion is 10%.However,excessive content of asphalt emulsion causes severe damages on the deformation behavior as well as loss in compressive strength of the mixture.SEM observation indicates that the influence of asphalt emulsion on the fiber/matrix interfacial property changes the dominant fiber failure type from rupture into pull-out mode,and thus causes beneficial effects for strain-hardening behavior.

AN EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR GENETIC STUDY ON BREAST CANCER SUSCEPTIBILITY

Objectives. To investigate the genetic susceptibility for breast cancer of Chinese, a hospital-based case-control study, pedigree survey and molecular genetic study were conducted. Methods. Logistic regression model and stratification methods were used in the risk factors analysis. Li-Mantel-Gart and Falconer methods were used to analyze the segregation ratio and heritability. Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were used to detect AI, G-banding technique was used to detect the chromosome aberration of peripheral blood lymphocyte. Results. Family history of breast cancer is related to enhanced breast cancer risk significantly, OR is 3905(95%CI=1079～1413), and it widely interacts with other risk factors. Accumulative incidence of breast cancer in first degree relatives is 999%, which is larger than that in second, third degree and non-blood relatives. Segregation ratio is 0021, heritability among first degree relatives is 356±58%. Frequencies of LOH at BRCA1 and BRCA2 loci in sporadic breast cancer are 612% and 577% respectively. In the sibs, both of them show LOH at D13S173 locus, and high frequencies of chromosome aberrations were observed. Conclusions. Genetic susceptibility contributes to breast cancer occurrence of Chinese, and its racial variation may be one of the important reasons for the large difference of incidence between western and eastern countries.