为了评价混合交通环境中的行人和车辆冲突的安全性,对比分析了目前常用的行人车辆冲突参数,提出了个体行人和车辆之间冲突的安全评价模型,并将模型应用于不同的混合交通场景,验证模型的鲁棒性和适用性.结果表明,冲突时间差(Time differe...为了评价混合交通环境中的行人和车辆冲突的安全性,对比分析了目前常用的行人车辆冲突参数,提出了个体行人和车辆之间冲突的安全评价模型,并将模型应用于不同的混合交通场景,验证模型的鲁棒性和适用性.结果表明,冲突时间差(Time difference to collision,TDTC)和车辆速度对行人车辆冲突的安全性影响最大.TDTC越接近于零,行人越危险;车辆速度越快,行人越危险.以此建立的行人车辆冲突评价模型可正确评估86.2%的行人车辆冲突安全,对于危险冲突的漏检率为2.1%.展开更多
For studying the law of pedestrian cross-time in the signalized intersection, based on gap theory, a probability chorological discipline model of crossing pedestrians is built based on the observed data. Moreover, the...For studying the law of pedestrian cross-time in the signalized intersection, based on gap theory, a probability chorological discipline model of crossing pedestrians is built based on the observed data. Moreover, the number of pedestrians passing through in a critical gap is estimated under different conditions by three models. Then the models of pedestrian crosswalk average time, the 85th percentile pedestrian cross-time and the 90th percentile pedestrian cross-time are deduced. By quantitative analyses and the exemplification of the models, the main correlative factors acting on pedestrian cross-time are found, including the length of the crosswalk, the probability of the time-headway being less than the critical gap and the number of the turned motor vehicles in the intersection. The results indicate that the estimated errors of the models are less than 5%.展开更多
Due to the fact that there is no protected signal phase for right turns at most signalized intersections, the conflict between pedestrians and right-turning vehicles is one of the most common conflict types for pedest...Due to the fact that there is no protected signal phase for right turns at most signalized intersections, the conflict between pedestrians and right-turning vehicles is one of the most common conflict types for pedestrians. A pedestrian safety analysis of the common right-turn mode at four-phase signalized intersections is presented. Relative risk is used as a measure of the effect of behaviors. The analysis mainly includes five pedestrian factors that affect the conflict process between pedestrians and right-turning vehicles. Pedestrians tend to have a higher risk of being involved in conflicts in the following six situations: crossing with others, running over the crossing, entering the intersection, being near the exit lane, crossing in the middle or at the end of a green light when the right-turn lane is shared, crossing at the beginning of a green light or red period when the right-turn lane is exclusive. It is easier for pedestrians to get priority when crossing the street in the following situations: running over a crossing, entering the intersection, being near the entrance lane, and not using the crosswalk. However, pedestrians are more inclined to yield to right-turning vehicles when pedestrians are crossing in the middle of the green light time. Some measures to alleviate the conflict are put forward according to the conclusion. Video observations also indicate that a clear pedestrian waiting area must be marked for both pedestrian safety and right-turning vehicle efficiency at major flat intersections, particularly when the arms cover the lateral dividing strips.展开更多
In today＇ s era of globalization, intercultural communication has become an important subject. Space is an aspect of crosscultural communication Nonverbal communication, it implies the psychological boundaries of hum...In today＇ s era of globalization, intercultural communication has become an important subject. Space is an aspect of crosscultural communication Nonverbal communication, it implies the psychological boundaries of human communication, conducting this study helps to understand different cultures, and reduces cultural conflict. Culture reflects the characteristics of a nation, guiding people behavior in concept of society. With globalization developing, people are eager to interact with people from different cultural backgrounds, so cross-cultural communication society today is one of the most fashionable terms. The differences between cultures tend to give unexpected difficulties caused by differences.展开更多
文摘为了评价混合交通环境中的行人和车辆冲突的安全性,对比分析了目前常用的行人车辆冲突参数,提出了个体行人和车辆之间冲突的安全评价模型,并将模型应用于不同的混合交通场景,验证模型的鲁棒性和适用性.结果表明,冲突时间差(Time difference to collision,TDTC)和车辆速度对行人车辆冲突的安全性影响最大.TDTC越接近于零,行人越危险;车辆速度越快,行人越危险.以此建立的行人车辆冲突评价模型可正确评估86.2%的行人车辆冲突安全,对于危险冲突的漏检率为2.1%.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50778141)the National Basic Research Program of China(973Program)(No.2006CB705505)National Key Technology R&D Program during the11th Five Year Plan of China(No.2006BAJ18B07)
文摘For studying the law of pedestrian cross-time in the signalized intersection, based on gap theory, a probability chorological discipline model of crossing pedestrians is built based on the observed data. Moreover, the number of pedestrians passing through in a critical gap is estimated under different conditions by three models. Then the models of pedestrian crosswalk average time, the 85th percentile pedestrian cross-time and the 90th percentile pedestrian cross-time are deduced. By quantitative analyses and the exemplification of the models, the main correlative factors acting on pedestrian cross-time are found, including the length of the crosswalk, the probability of the time-headway being less than the critical gap and the number of the turned motor vehicles in the intersection. The results indicate that the estimated errors of the models are less than 5%.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51278220)
文摘Due to the fact that there is no protected signal phase for right turns at most signalized intersections, the conflict between pedestrians and right-turning vehicles is one of the most common conflict types for pedestrians. A pedestrian safety analysis of the common right-turn mode at four-phase signalized intersections is presented. Relative risk is used as a measure of the effect of behaviors. The analysis mainly includes five pedestrian factors that affect the conflict process between pedestrians and right-turning vehicles. Pedestrians tend to have a higher risk of being involved in conflicts in the following six situations: crossing with others, running over the crossing, entering the intersection, being near the exit lane, crossing in the middle or at the end of a green light when the right-turn lane is shared, crossing at the beginning of a green light or red period when the right-turn lane is exclusive. It is easier for pedestrians to get priority when crossing the street in the following situations: running over a crossing, entering the intersection, being near the entrance lane, and not using the crosswalk. However, pedestrians are more inclined to yield to right-turning vehicles when pedestrians are crossing in the middle of the green light time. Some measures to alleviate the conflict are put forward according to the conclusion. Video observations also indicate that a clear pedestrian waiting area must be marked for both pedestrian safety and right-turning vehicle efficiency at major flat intersections, particularly when the arms cover the lateral dividing strips.
文摘In today＇ s era of globalization, intercultural communication has become an important subject. Space is an aspect of crosscultural communication Nonverbal communication, it implies the psychological boundaries of human communication, conducting this study helps to understand different cultures, and reduces cultural conflict. Culture reflects the characteristics of a nation, guiding people behavior in concept of society. With globalization developing, people are eager to interact with people from different cultural backgrounds, so cross-cultural communication society today is one of the most fashionable terms. The differences between cultures tend to give unexpected difficulties caused by differences.
