基于行人组运动信息表达的人群异常检测

人群异常检测是智能化人群监控技术下的一个重要研究方向,在现有的方法中,异常检测的首要步骤就是获取运动信息,传统通过对视频帧均匀分块的方式并不能保证行人的完整性,提取的特征也不能准确反映行人的运动状态。本文提出了递进式人群分组的方法,先将人群运动场与帧差法结合分割图像获取人群前景,然后依据人群运动方向获取方向组,结合时空信息对方向组再聚类,得到更细致的行人组。对于每个行人组,利用人群能量特征去表征行人整体运动信息,并依据能量场构造了环块能量直方图特征来削弱行人四肢摆动的影响,最后与图像外观特征相结合用于人群异常检测。实验结果表明,本文方法在两个不同场景下帧级准确率达到83%和92%,像素级准确率达到64%和83%,与传统方法相比有较大提升。

Microscopic dynamic simulation model for pedestrian at signalized intersection

Pedestrian's road-crossing model is the key part of micro-simulation for mixed traffic at signalized intersection.To reproduce the crossing behavior of pedestrians,the microscopic behaviors of the pedestrians passing through the crosswalk at signalized intersection were analyzed.A pedestrian's decision making model based on gap acceptance theory was proposed.Based on the field data at three typical intersections in Beijing,China,the critical gaps and lags of pedestrians were calibrated.In addition,considering pedestrian's required space,a modification of the social force model that consists of a self-deceleration mechanism prevents a simulated pedestrian from continuously pushing over other pedestrians,making the simulation more realistic.After the simple change,the modified social force model is able to reproduce the fundamental diagram of pedestrian flows for densities less than 3.5 m-2 as reported in the literature.

A Consumer Choice Theory Incorporating Behavioral and Spiritual Wisdom

A consumer makes choices by following a certain paradigm, a system for organizing his thinking based on norms that are determined by certain norm-setters or role models. Widespread societal ills such as depression and suicide seem to correlate with certain types of consumer behavior. However, current consumer choice theories don＇t appear to be effective in evaluating epidemiology research. This study compares existing consumer choice paradigms and introduces the linguistic paradigm as a framework for studying the organization of human thinking. The linguistic paradigm is based on the nature of human language and on spiritual wisdom. The paradigm is implemented to generate models （process templates） for the analysis of selected consumer choice issues. The potential effectiveness of these models in analyzing consumer behavior is discussed.

Devising an Organized Procedure for Effective Risk Management in Independent Water and Power Plant Projects in Saudi Arabia

Worldwide countries are striving to meet demands for water and power, which have been estimated as likely to increase at a rate of 7% per annum over the coming decade. Water and power plant projects following the IWPP （independent water and power plant） approach have typically involved a plethora of risks. Since about 75% of the IWPP projects in SA （Sandi Arabia） have failed to meet specified objectives, effective RM （risk management） implementation is key to the success of any public and private project. Practitioners have related their experience about RM in IWPP projects in SA through semi-structured interviews, and analyzed these through the grounded theory approach to identify the elements leading to ineffectiveness when implementing RM in IWPP projects in SA. This study gathers and collates data to present findings in a propositional diagram that is fully grounded, based on practitioners＇ experiences that extend to the ineffectiveness of implementing RM in water and power projects, specifically in IWPP projects in SA. Findings indicate that IWPP parties have implemented RM in an informal way. In addition, there is a general lack of RM knowledge in the SA water and power industry. The paper concludes with an emergent diagram illustrating major phenomena, categories and subcategories affecting the implementation of RM in IWPP projects in SA.

Effects of five-element music therapy on elderly people with seasonal affective disorder in a Chinese nursing home

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of five-element music therapy on elderly patients with seasonal affective disorder in a Chinese nursing home.METHODS: The patients(n=50) were recruited from a Shijingshan district nursing home in Beijing,China. They were randomly assigned to two groups, a treatment group and a control group,with 25 participants in each group. The patients received music therapy for 1-2 h each week over an8-week period. The music therapy involved four phases: introduction, activities, listening to the Chinese five-element music, and a concluding phase.The participants in the control group did not listen to the five-element music. This study consisted of two parts:(a) a qualitative study that used focus groups to understand the feelings of the patients with seasonal affective disorder;(b) a quantitative study that involved administration of the self-rating depression scale(SDS) and Hamilton depression scale(HAMD) before and after treatment.RESULTS:(a) Qualitative analysis results: strength derived from the five-element group music therapy and emotional adjustment. The five-element group music therapy can reduce patients' psychological distress and let them feel inner peace and enhance their life satisfaction.(b) No significant difference in SDS and HAMD scores was found between the two groups(P>0.05) prior to treatment. After treatment,the mean SDS score of the control group was 49.9±18.8, while the treatment group's score was 40.2±18.1. The HAMD score of the control group was11.2±3.1, and the treatment group's score was 8.8±4.9. Following 8 weeks of music therapy, the SDS and HAMD scores of the treatment group were significantly lower than those for the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Five-element music therapy alleviated the symptoms of seasonal affective disorder in the elderly patients.

A longitudinal network analysis of social dynamics in rooks corvus frugilegus： repeated group modifications do not affect social network in captive rooks

Numerous studies have investigated the remarkable variation of social features and the resulting structures across species. Indeed, relationships are dynamic and vary in time according to various factors such as environmental conditions or individuals attributes. However, few studies have investigated the processes that stabilize the structures within a given species, and the behavioral mechanisms that ensure their coherence and continuity across time. Here, we used a dynamic actor-based model, RSiena, to investigate the consistency of the temporal dynamic of relationships of a group of captive rooks facing recurrent modifications in group composition （i.e., the loss and introduction of individuals）. We found that changes in relationships （i.e., formation and removal） followed consistent patterns regardless of group composition and sex-ratio. Rooks preferentially interacted with paired congeners （i.e., unpopular attachment） and were more likely to form rela- tionships with individuals bonded to a current social partner （i.e., ＂friends of friends＂, or triadic closure）. The sex of individuals had no effect on the dynamic of relationships. This robust behav- ioral mechanisms formed the basis of inter-connected networks, composed of sub-structures of in- dividuals emerging from the enmeshment of dyadic and triadic motifs. Overall, the present study reveals crucial aspects of the behavioral mechanisms shaping rooks social structure, suggesting that rooks live in a well-integrated society, going far beyond the unique monogamous pair-bond.