当代艺术学本体论中的指称论题

指称论题已成为当代艺术学和美学中的一个前沿课题,其讨论的核心是艺术作品指称的本体论问题。这个论题追问的是,当我们谈论一件具体的艺术作品时,谈论的是什么?对此,当代西方美学界,如物理主义、唯名论、指称论、表征主义、行动—类型论、柏拉图主义等分别给出了相应答案,这些观点虽未能对艺术作品的指称提供充分必要条件的说明,但对深入挖掘指称论题的艺术学和美学内涵、解决艺术学在新时代面临的一系列重大理论课题,具有深远的学术意义。

Dynamics Behaviors and Scaling in Intermittent Turbulence of a Shell Model

In this paper, the dynamics behaviors on fo-δ parameter surface is investigated for Gledzer-Ohkitani- Yamada model We indicate the type of intermittency chaos transitions is saddle node bifurcation. We plot phase diagram on fo-δ parameter surface, which is divided into periodic, quasi-periodic, and intermittent chaos areas. By means of varying Taylor-microscale Reynolds number, we calculate the extended self-similarity of velocity structure function.

Evaluation of Education of Veterinarians in Animal Welfare Issues

Education of veterinarians in animal welfare issues is important to improve the welfare and health of animals. A questionnaire to 250 veterinarians related to their knowledge on animal welfare issues has been carried out at the Veterinary School of the University of the Republic, Uruguay, during March-April 2012. The questions were related to the courses on animal welfare veterinarians received, their main field of work, the importance given to the information offered and the quality of the topics addressed. From the total of veterinarians surveyed, 45% （112） answered the questionnaire. Of those who responded, 47% attended to three or more animal welfare courses, 18% assisted to two courses and 22% to one. The occupation of the 82% of respondents was with beef and dairy cattle （large animals） or in the meat industry equally. 10% works with small animals （especially pets） and poultry （production and industry）. The 95% of respondents considered that animal welfare is very important for their daily work with animals 65% reported that animal welfare concepts have high applicability in their job. 85% considered that animal welfare should be part of the veterinary curricula and 100% expressed their compliance to be present in other courses on the subject. These results emphasize the importance afforded by Uruguayan veterinarians to improve their knowledge on animal welfare and to continue including specific courses in the veterinary curricula.

Differences in hoarding behavior between captive and wild sympatric rodent species

In hand reared birds and mammals, it is generally considered that the development of hoarding behavior is the result of an interaction between the development and maturation of the nervous system and learning from individual experience. How- ever, few studies have been done on wild animals. We tested differences in hoarding behavior between captive reared and wild individuals of two sympatric small rodents, Korean field mice Apodemus peninsulae and Chinese white-bellied rats Niviventer confucianus. Our aim was to identify if lack of experience from the wild would result in poorly developed hoarding behavior. The Korean field mice perform scatter- and larder-hoarding behaviors whereas Chinese white-bellied rats hoard food in larders only. Within outdoor enclosures we compared seed-hoarding behavior in reared juveniles （RJ, 40-50 d old, pregnant mothers were captured in the wild）, wild juveniles （WJ, as young as the RJ） and wild adults （WA, over-winter animals）. We found that a lack of experience from the wild had significant effects on seed-hoarding behavior for both species. The RJ-group removed and hoarded fewer seeds than the WJ- and WA-groups. The two latter groups hoarded seeds in a similar way. In the Korean filed mouse the ILl-group placed more seeds on the ground surface than other groups. These findings suggest that wild experience is important for the acquisition of an appropriate food-hoarding behavior （especially for scatter-hoarding） in these species

Animal personalities and their implications for complex signaling

Animal personalities have been a major focus of behavioral ecology over the past decade. Consistent individual dif ferences in behavior have been found across taxa, and have been shown to influence a range of ecological processes. The role of personalities in sexual selection has been considered, and examples exist that show selection for personality traits with both assortative and disassortative mating patterns between personality types. One overlooked aspect of the personality and sexual se lection literature is the potential for personalitysignaling interactions, specifically with complex signaling. Complex signaling is a diverse topic in itself, and in short, consists of multiple signals within one or more modalities that interact to elicit a receiver response. Research into complex signaling has been thorough, although at times studies discover complex signaling systems that fail to fit into one of the existing hypotheses in the literature. Here, we argue that personalities may interact with complex signal ing, which should be considered by researchers of both personality and sexual selection and communication. We describe several ways in which personalitycomplex signaling interactions could affect both the signaler and receiver, and the way in which they may drive personalityspecific signals as well as receiver preferences. Finally, we discuss how considering personality in com plex signaling studies may inform theory as well as improve the ability of researchers to accurately describe its function.