行动研究学在商务英语教学中的应用

随着对外开放水平的不断提升,当前社会对商务英语人才的需求量是急剧增加。笔者将从行动研究的基本概念出发,同时根据商务英语的教学研究现状,努力构建具有互动式、发展性的学生语言能力,以此来构建现代化的教学模式。教学行动研究的是对教学和行动相互脱节的问题展开分析,使得商务英语老师在教学实践中能够很好地发现问题和解决问题,更好地反思自身教学中存在而问题,以此来完善教学方案,使得教学方案更加有效,从而解决教学中遇到的问题。

基于行动学研究的放射性口腔黏膜炎照护蓝图的循证实践

目的制订鼻咽癌患者放射性口腔黏膜炎(RIOM)照护蓝图,实施并进行效果观察。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2019年7月—2020年6月于中国科学院大学附属肿瘤医院行放化疗的182例鼻咽癌患者为研究对象。将2019年7—12月的91例患者设为对照组,采用常规放疗护理。2020年1—6月的91例患者设为干预组,在对照组基础上采用常规放疗护理并基于行动学研究法实施照护蓝图。比较两组患者RIOM的发生率、发生的严重程度、疼痛程度。结果在放疗的第3~5周,干预组RIOM的发生率较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在放疗的第3周及以后,干预组RIOM发生的严重程度轻于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在放疗结束时,干预组口腔疼痛程度轻于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论本研究构建的RIOM照护蓝图是科学、有效的。基于循证的RIOM照护蓝图可降低鼻咽癌患者RIOM的发生率及发生严重程度,减轻患者口腔疼痛,值得临床应用。

Thermal Decomposition and Kinetics of Mixtures of Polylactic Acid and Biomass during Copyrolysis

Thermal decomposition of polylactic acid （PLA） was studied in the presence of pine wood sawdust （PS）, walnut shell （WS）, corncob （CC） in order to understand the pyrolytic behavior of these components occurring in waste. A thermogravimetric analyzer （TGA） was applied for monitoring the mass loss profiles under heating rate of 10℃·min^-1. Results obtained from this comprehensive investigation indicated that PLA was decomposed in the temperature range 300 -372℃, whereas the thermal degradation temperature of biomass is 183-462℃. The difference of mass loss （AW） between experimental and theoretical ones, calculated as algebraic sums of those from each separated component, is about 17%-46% at 300-400℃. These experimental results indicated a significant synergistic effect during PLA and biomass copyrolysis. Moreover, a kinetic analysis was performed to fit thermogravimetric data, the global processes being considered as one to two consecutive reactions. A reasonable fit to the experimental data was obtained for all materials and their blends.

An Integrated Model of Teaching Theory and Action Research in POA-based Textbook Writing

Teaching theories provide important guidance for language teaching materials development,but there is little research on how textbook writers apply teaching theories in the actual writing process.This study analyzes the process of compiling iEnglish,a series of textbooks based on the Production-Oriented Approach(POA)and proposes an Integrated Model of Teaching Theory and Action Research for textbook writing.By elaborating the roles of teaching theory and action research at different stages of textbook writing and the interaction between theory and practice during the process,the study concludes that the Integrated Model can promote both textbook improvement and theory refinement.

Is changing footstrike pattern beneficial to runners?

Some researchers, running instructors, and coaches have suggested that the "optimal" footstrike pattern to improve performance and reduce running injuries is to land using a mid-or forefoot strike. Thus, it has been recommended that runners who use a rearfoot strike would benefit by changing their footstrike although there is little scientific evidence for suggesting such a change. The rearfoot strike is clearly more prevalent. The major reasons often given for changing to a mid-or forefoot strike are(1) it is more economical;(2) there is a reduction in the impact peak and loading rate of the vertical component of the ground reaction force; and(3) there is a reduction in the risk of a running-related injuries. In this paper,we critique these 3 suggestions and provide alternate explanations that may provide contradictory evidence for altering one's footstrike pattern.We have concluded, based on examining the research literature, that changing to a mid-or forefoot strike does not improve running economy, does not eliminate an impact at the foot-ground contact, and does not reduce the risk of running-related injuries.

Early development of peer dominance relationships in a captive group of Japanese macaques Macaca fuscata

We studied early development of peer dominance relationships in a captive group of Japanese macaques Macaca fuscata fuscata at the Primate Research Institute of Kyoto University. This study aims to give detailed descriptions on characteristic patterns of maternal rank acquisition from infant to juvenile. Focal subjects were 22 young monkeys belonging to three cohorts born in 2002, 2003 and 2005. Data were collected with a total 2130 sessions of 30-minute continuous recording of focal subjects combined with all occurrence-sampling methods. The onset of aggressive behavior varied per cohort and was delayed in cohorts with fewer close-aged associates. More than 60% of dyadic combinations in agonistic interactions between peers were unidirectional throughout the study period. Although some bidirectional interactions could have involved unstable relationships between particular individuals, most of the bidirectional interactions included a few continuous series of alternating one-sided interactions. A linear order could be found among peers from the first appearance of aggressive behavior, and nearly 90% of those dyads were concordant with that of their mother＇s rank order. Young males were responsible for most of the dominance relations that would not be predicted based on their mother＇s rank. These results suggest that infant monkeys may recognize their own social status relative to their opponent＇s before onset of aggressive behavior and adjust themselves into the matrilineal rank system accordingly.

Dynamic Interaction of Parallel Moving Ships in Close Proximity

Nowadays,there are many studies conducted in the field of marine hydrodynamics which focus on two vessels traveling and floating in sufficiently close proximity to experience significant interactions.The hydrodynamic behavior of parallel moving ships in waves is an interesting and important topic of late.A numerical investigation has been carried out for the prediction of wave exciting forces and motion responses of parallel moving ships in regular waves.The numerical solution was based on 3D distribution technique and using the linear wave theory to determine the exciting forces and ship＇s motion.The speed effects have been considered in the Green function for more realistic results.The numerical computations of wave exciting forces and motion responses were carried out for a Mariner and Series 60 for the purpose of discovering different Froude numbers and different separation distances in head sea conditions.Based on the numerical computations,it was revealed that the sway,roll and yaw have a significant effect due to hydrodynamic interaction.

Reading Skill Improvement Through Visual Memory, Question, Read, Recite, Record, and Review English Instructional Method （VMQ4R-EIM）

To improve students＇ reading skill through VMQ4R-EIM and to reflect the English instructional process implemented by the teacher in the secondary school, and finally the teacher can introspect his English instructional activities, there are 40 students as the research subjects of this CAR （classroom action research） and it used spriral method from Kemmis and McTaggart with four stages （plan, action, observation, reflection）. The research result showed that there was significant reading skill improvement to secondary school students. In the first cycle, the student＇s reading skill improved to 62% and the observation result reached to 65%. In the second cycle, the student reading skill improved to 97% and the observation result reached to 95%. The VMQ4R-EIM can improve secondary school students＇ reading skill. The research implication is the VMQ4R-EIM that is one way to be implemented by the English teacher in order to improve and make the students motivated and active in attending the instructional process

Research on the Activity Frame Work of Using Visual Thinking Tools

The development of high order thinking has been considered as a national priority of learning. By using three iteration action research in six elementary schools in Guangzhou, China for about 1 year and a half, we found that visual thinking tools can improve students＇ high order thinking ability and change the traditional teaching method. By using this activity frame work, the teachers can better understand what are the students thinking about and the students can use the thinking tools to help themselves solve complex problems and discuss with other people. The reason we do this research is to improve the high-order thinking ability of primary student. In this paper, we summarize an activity frame work of using visual thinking tools to improve students thinking ability. And the frame work can be divided into three stages： preparatory stage, implementation stage and assessment stage. And different stage has different activity. Though this activity frame work is not perfect enough, we will improve it in our future study.

Population structure of the Atlantic sand fiddler crab Uca pugilator along the eastern coast of US revealed by molecular data

The Atlantic sand fiddler crab Uca pugilator is an extremely abundant crab found along the eastern coast of the United States. Fiddler crabs have a life cycle with an obligatory planktonic larval phase of 30-90 days,which might be expected to lead to widespread larval dispersal and consequent genetic homogeneity over considerable distances. However,a large amount of morphological and behavioral variation is found between northern and southern populations along the eastern coast. This study was undertaken to determine the population genetic structure of U.pugilator and to determine whether these differences may have a genetic basis. The population structure of the fiddler crab was analyzed using 472 individuals collected from 12 sites along the eastern coast. PCR-based single stand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) was used to investigate between-site variation in the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene of these individuals. Analysis of genetic variation indicated frequent gene flow between nearby localities,but much reduced levels between populations separated by larger geographic distances. Thus,despite the potential for high dispersal by planktonic larvae,population differentiation and isolation by distance is evident between northern and southern populations of U.pugilator. A high amount of genetic differentiation (F ST =0.3468) was found between northern and southern regions suggesting that the morphological and behavioral differences between these two regions have a genetic basis and may represent subspecies.

Action Research in Language Education

Action research is a kind of research in language education, but it has its own characteristics. And its implementation will help a lot in both teachers＇ professional development and classroom teaching. This article has made a tentative study of the practical use of Action Research and some problems teachers confront in using it. This article is also concerned with some solutions to the problems teachers may face, e.g., being lack of knowledge about action research and expertise, being lack of time of action research, having too large class, being short of support including money, constraints from students and authority＇s response. The implentation of action research needs teachers, experts, and school athority＇s effort to improve language teching and language education.

An Action Research on Constructing a Multiple Learning Evaluation System on the Context of College English Teaching Reform

Learning evaluation reform, an important part of the College English Teaching Reform, is not only a basis for teachers to reflect on their teaching method, to improve their teaching management, and to ensure the teaching quality, but also an effective means for students to enhance their learning efficiency and to gain sound learning effect as well. This research was intended to apply action research to the construction of multiple learning evaluation system with the aim of proving the effectiveness of the system on raising students＇ learning autonomy to find problems in the teaching, to testify the problems through questionnaire, then to design a feasible teaching strategy and carry out an experimental teaching, and finally to reflect on the whole teaching process from the perspective of how well the learner＇s learning autonomy was enhanced. The research result is valid, positively testifying the presupposition that the Multiple Evaluation System is a comprehensive one, which makes it possible to evaluate the students＇ progress in the whole learning process.

Working With News Literacy Among Pre-teens： From Selection to Reflection

This article presents the outcome of the Swedish pilot study CESEM （named after the initials of the girls＇ first names） where pre-teen girls produced their own news program and showed it to their classmates. The methodological approach was the action research model where the process of producing news was followed from selecting news to reflecting on their learning outcomes. The knowledge from the pilot study is useful in designing active projects within the scope of media literacy. One of the learning outcomes for the girls in this study was the awareness of how news programs in TV are staged. A positive response was the initiative from one of the participating schools to start their own news project in one of the classes. A possible outcome in longer run projects is better knowledge for developing pedagogical tools in media education.

The Way of the Novice English Teachers＇ Professional Development in Secondary School

In the modern times, the professional development of teachers is a hot topic among the educational world. Facilitating the professional development of teachers is one of a most important way to improve the teachers＇ personalities. However, how to facilitate the professional development of the novice English teacher in the secondary school is still a big and headache problem in front of all education managers and all novice English teachers. For this reason, it has a huge practical significance to look for some ways to research the professional development of the novice English teachers in secondary school. The objective of this research is to promote the professional development of novice English teachers in secondary school through a wide range of ways. It also aims to promote the whole personalities of all English teachers and the whole English teaching qualities. This paper wiU research in how to promote and facilitate the professional development of the novice English teachers in secondary school from the parts of country, school and teachers. Specificly speaking, from the perspective of country, it contains the way of some short trains for novice teachers from superior educational department and some educational action research; From the perspective of the secondary school, it includes school-based in-service training, the exploitation of school-based curriculum and learning team; From the perspective of teacher themselves, it includes teaching reflection, observing other teachers＇ class and using micro-teaching to promote teachers＇ teaching skills.

An Effective Reading Process： The Application of Annotation to English as a Foreign Language Reading

In this study, the author investigated insights of 15 college students majored in English as they explored their own use of annotation strategy and how they applied this strategy in effective reading process. As an action research, the report is an attempt to explore the role played by annotation in reading comprehension in English as a Foreign Language （EFL） classrooms. By means of learner diaries, the researcher found that annotation, as an efficient writing-to-learn strategy, is able to help EFL learners to research a deeper level of engagement and to encourage active reading. The findings also suggest that reading strategy training can be integrated with reading tasks in the EFL classrooms.

Action Research on Application of Cooperative Learning in Business English-Viewing, Listening ＆ Speaking

Business English-Viewing, Listening ＆ Speaking is a practical course for business English majors. Cooperative learning is the teaching mode mainly based on the group work. The author applied the cooperative learning in the teaching for 10 weeks. The action research attempts to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of cooperative learning through teaching practice, questionnaire, interview, and classroom observation. The results show that cooperative learning can improve the learning behavior, and facilitate the students＇ communicating skills

Motivation in a Flipped Classroom, a Case Study of Teaching Oral English in a Vocational College in China's Mainland

This action research explores the use of the flipped classroom approach in an English speaking class with 25 students at intermediate level in a vocational college in China's Mainland. It aims at motivating English learners and helping them develop communicative language skills more effectively and efficiently. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are adopted to analyze the data collected through interviews, teaching logs, as well as anonymous questionnaires and a summative assessment. Results show that the flipped classroom approach does stimulate students to invest more time and effort prior to instruction and during class learners do participate in communicative language exercises more enthusiastically. As a result, conceivable progress has been made in learners＇ performance. Possible recommendations of incorporating periodic rotation within the class, adding certain teacher-led instruction, and informal evaluation with group members, are raised at the end of the paper to help further improve the teaching/learning outcome of the flipped classroom approach.

Fostering Intercultural Awareness in a Chinese English Reading Class

Since the turn of the century, higher education policy in China has highlighted the importance of cultivating students＇ intercultural competences, particularly in the context of English language teaching. In spite of this, studies show that to this day Chinese ELT classrooms in higher education have rarely taken a cultural turn and teachers＇ understanding of interculturalism remains insufficient. This paper reports an action research study on how intercultural awareness was developed in the context of an English reading course at an independent college of a major Chinese university. The study followed a teaching flow that integrates intercultural learning with critical thinking by challenging students to select, analyze, and raise questions about English texts on aspects of Chinese culture. Mapping the outputs of a cohort of 77 second-year undergraduate students onto Baker＇s （2012; 2015） model of intercultural awareness, the study shows that a majority of participants demonstrated a level beyond basic awareness. The paper concludes that reading courses can be used to help foster intercultural awareness among Chinese students, and it offers some pedagogical and theoretical reflections on integrating intercultural learning with ELT, and formulates a number of suggestions for further studies.

A NEW SIMPLE 2-D PIECEWISE LINEAR MAP

A new simple piecewise linear map of the plane is presented and analyzed, then a detailed study of its dynamical behaviour is described, along with some other dynamical phenomena, especially fixed points and their stability, observation of a new chaotic attractors obtained via border collision bifurcation. An important resuk about coexisting chaotic attractors is also numerically studied and discussed.