Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a pregnancy-specific liver disorder characterized by maternal pruritus in the third trimester, raised serum bile acids and increased rates of adverse fetal outcomes. The ...Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a pregnancy-specific liver disorder characterized by maternal pruritus in the third trimester, raised serum bile acids and increased rates of adverse fetal outcomes. The etiology of ICP is complex and not fully understood, but it is likely to result from the cholestatic effects of reproductive hormones and their metabolites in genetically susceptible women. Equally unclear are the mechanisms by which the fetal complications occur. This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, etiology and management of ICP.展开更多
Background: The Nnewly reported cases ofcongenital syphilis have been increaseding substantiallyover the past few years. To control the epidemic, a mu-nicipal program aimed at preventing mother-to-childtransmission of...Background: The Nnewly reported cases ofcongenital syphilis have been increaseding substantiallyover the past few years. To control the epidemic, a mu-nicipal program aimed at preventing mother-to-childtransmission of syphilis was introduced in July, 2001,which was designed aimed to screen all pregnant womenfor syphilis at their first visit to antenatal clinics or atadmission to hospitals in Shenzhen.Objectives: The aim of the study is tTo determine theprevalence of syphilis among women attending antenatalclinics and other medical institutions in Shenzhen andidentifies its patterns of infection. Methods: Upon giving informed consent, w Women whoattended antenatal care centers in Shenzhen from Janu-ary to December 2003 were included in this study subjectto obtaining informed consent. A blood sample was har-vested for syphilis screened for syphilising by using rapidplasma reagent test (RPR) and confirmed by TPHA forthose who were RPR positive. The women with pregnantsyphilispositive serology were systematically interviewedto obtain . During the interview, their demographicdetailsinformation,patterns of risk behaviors andother data. Data were collected andwere analyzedretrospectively.Results: Among Of 118,235 pregnant women surveyed,555 pregnant women were confirmed to have syphilis(prevalence of 4.69%), with a incidence of 4.69‰。 123women were excluded from the analysis because of in-complete medical records. Of 432 infected subjects withcomplete medical records, the average age was 26.8, witha range of 19 to 41. 7.41% (32/432) of them suffered fromprimary syphilis, 3.24% (14 /432) were ofhad secondary syphilis, and 89.35% (386/432) had latent syphilis. with-out any conspicuous clinical signs and symptoms.Conclusions: The prevalence of syphilis among the preg-nant women in our series was high and most of them wereasymptomatic. Screening for syphilis among pregnantwomen in Shenzhen is of importantce for the preventionof mother-to-child transmission of syphilis.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to assess the perception of caring behaviors and associated factors among nurses and midwives who provided maternal health care services at Sidama region public hospitals,Hawassa,Ethiopia.Me...Objective:This study aimed to assess the perception of caring behaviors and associated factors among nurses and midwives who provided maternal health care services at Sidama region public hospitals,Hawassa,Ethiopia.Methods:An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was used on a sample of 269 nurses and midwives working in maternity wards in Sidama region public hospitals.A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data.Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with nurses’and midwives’perceptions of caring behaviors.Results:Totally 261 nurses and midwives participated the survey.Based on the mean score,participants’perception of caring behavior was classified as higher and lower.According to this study,75.1%(196/261)of nurses and midwives demonstrated a higher perception of caring behavior.Respondents’age,professional satisfaction,personal satisfaction,midwife/nurse-doctor relationship and workload were significantly associated with their perception of caring behavior.Conclusions:Assessing the nurses’and midwives’perception of caring behavior and related factors is crucial for providing high-quality nursing and midwifery interventions.It is suggested to create a positive and conducive caring behavior in the organization by reducing excessive workload of nurses and midwives,as well as enhancing nurse/midwife-doctor relationship,and increasing their job satisfaction by providing recognition and reward will improve nurses’and midwives’caring behavior.展开更多
To define "ethnicity" in the context of perinatal care is a tough job. The word makes us think: "racial, social, cultural, national…". An ethnic group is generally considered a group of people wit...To define "ethnicity" in the context of perinatal care is a tough job. The word makes us think: "racial, social, cultural, national…". An ethnic group is generally considered a group of people with a common history, usually(but not always) a common religion and language, sharing aspects of culture such as nutrition and traditions concerning pregnancy, childbirth, the way they care for children. As procreation occurs mostly ingroup, every ethnic group will demonstrate a higher prevalence of, more or less well-known, genes and their connected diseases. For some populations, such as Ashkenazi Jewish people, the prevalence and associated risks of these autosomal diseases are well known, as in the case of "Jewish genetic disease", and specific screening programs are available.展开更多
Objectives: To describe and analyze risk factors associatedwith disuse of condoms during commercial sexual intercourseamong clients attending sauna and massage centers. Methods: Selected female sex workers from saunas...Objectives: To describe and analyze risk factors associatedwith disuse of condoms during commercial sexual intercourseamong clients attending sauna and massage centers. Methods: Selected female sex workers from saunas andbeauty parlors were trained as interviewers. They surveyedclients during provision of sexual services. Informationcollected included customers' demographics, knowledge ofSTDs, rationale for and history of condom use. Risk factorsfor condom usage were assessed though logistical modeling.Results: A total of 50 clients were interviewed. The rates ofcondom usage for last sexual intercourse with commercial andnon-commercial partners were 57% and 53% for clients ofsauna centers and 30% and 40% for clients of beauty parlors,respectively. The choice to use a condom was influenced byclients 60.8% of the time, sex workers 30.4%, and otherfactors 8.8%. The choice against using a condom was decidedupon by clients 69.7% of the time, sex workers 9.1%, andother factors 21.2%. Multivariate analysis showed thateducational level and perception of risk of infection werefactors for condom use. Clients with a high school educationhad a higher condom use rate than those with a middle schooleducation or less. Furthermore, clients who perceived risk ofdisease used condoms more frequently than those who did not.Conclusions: Clients played a significant role in decidingwhether or not to use a condom during commercial sex. Lackof perception of risk is a major factor for not using condoms.A program for promotion of prophylactics targeting bothcommercial sex workers and their clients is recommended.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To identify contraceptive use behavior and its determinants among never married young women with an unwanted pregnancy and seeking pregnancy termination in Beijing. MEHTODS: A cross sectional study, adoptin...OBJECTIVE: To identify contraceptive use behavior and its determinants among never married young women with an unwanted pregnancy and seeking pregnancy termination in Beijing. MEHTODS: A cross sectional study, adopting the Lawrence' PRECEDE-PROCEED model was conducted in 1999 in Beijing, China. A total of 306 unmarried young women, aged 18 to 24 years and requesting pregnancy termination, were face to face interviewed. RESULTS: Only 13% of the young women insisted on contraceptive use, and almost an equal proportion occasionally or never used contraceptives (26% and 27%, respectively). Among 224 women who had contraceptive use during the past 12 months, the methods used most often were condom (49%), withdrawal (28%) and the rhythm method (16%). One of the most important reasons cited by 73 percent of women who had never used contraceptives was that they did not realize the risk of getting pregnant. The results of logistic regression analysis revealed that knowledge on contraception, boyfriend's approval of contraceptive use, perceived risk of getting pregnant, perceived availability of contraceptive services and discussion of contraception with boyfriend were important indicators of a young woman's contraceptive use behavior. CONCLUSION: These results indicate an urgent need to develop sex education on conception and contraception among young women and men. It is equally important to enhance young women's perception about the risk of unwanted pregnancy and the complications of induced abortion. Promotinga men's cooperation and participation in contraceptive use as well as strengthening communication on contraception between young women and their partners is essential.展开更多
The widespread use of pesticides induces heavy adverse effects on human health,especially for the pregnant women and the newborns.In this study,a screening method has been developed for the determination of multi-pest...The widespread use of pesticides induces heavy adverse effects on human health,especially for the pregnant women and the newborns.In this study,a screening method has been developed for the determination of multi-pesticides in maternal and umbilical cord sera.All pesticides in sera were collected using solid phase extraction(SPE),and analyzed by gas chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry(GC-QTOF MS).To set up the quality criteria,a database of 50 pesticides was created and the accurate masses of 3 up to 5 representative ions with their intensity ratios were included for each pesticide.In addition,a novel"identification points"(IPs)system relying on the accurate MS1 and MS2 spectra was used to interpret the data for each suspected pesticide.The methodology was then applied to a pair of maternal and umbilical cord sera.A total of six pesticide residues were screened out successfully.In conclusion,GC-QTOF MS combined with an accurate mass database seemed to be one of the most efficient tools for systematic pesticide analysis.展开更多
文摘Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a pregnancy-specific liver disorder characterized by maternal pruritus in the third trimester, raised serum bile acids and increased rates of adverse fetal outcomes. The etiology of ICP is complex and not fully understood, but it is likely to result from the cholestatic effects of reproductive hormones and their metabolites in genetically susceptible women. Equally unclear are the mechanisms by which the fetal complications occur. This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, etiology and management of ICP.
文摘Background: The Nnewly reported cases ofcongenital syphilis have been increaseding substantiallyover the past few years. To control the epidemic, a mu-nicipal program aimed at preventing mother-to-childtransmission of syphilis was introduced in July, 2001,which was designed aimed to screen all pregnant womenfor syphilis at their first visit to antenatal clinics or atadmission to hospitals in Shenzhen.Objectives: The aim of the study is tTo determine theprevalence of syphilis among women attending antenatalclinics and other medical institutions in Shenzhen andidentifies its patterns of infection. Methods: Upon giving informed consent, w Women whoattended antenatal care centers in Shenzhen from Janu-ary to December 2003 were included in this study subjectto obtaining informed consent. A blood sample was har-vested for syphilis screened for syphilising by using rapidplasma reagent test (RPR) and confirmed by TPHA forthose who were RPR positive. The women with pregnantsyphilispositive serology were systematically interviewedto obtain . During the interview, their demographicdetailsinformation,patterns of risk behaviors andother data. Data were collected andwere analyzedretrospectively.Results: Among Of 118,235 pregnant women surveyed,555 pregnant women were confirmed to have syphilis(prevalence of 4.69%), with a incidence of 4.69‰。 123women were excluded from the analysis because of in-complete medical records. Of 432 infected subjects withcomplete medical records, the average age was 26.8, witha range of 19 to 41. 7.41% (32/432) of them suffered fromprimary syphilis, 3.24% (14 /432) were ofhad secondary syphilis, and 89.35% (386/432) had latent syphilis. with-out any conspicuous clinical signs and symptoms.Conclusions: The prevalence of syphilis among the preg-nant women in our series was high and most of them wereasymptomatic. Screening for syphilis among pregnantwomen in Shenzhen is of importantce for the preventionof mother-to-child transmission of syphilis.
文摘Objective:This study aimed to assess the perception of caring behaviors and associated factors among nurses and midwives who provided maternal health care services at Sidama region public hospitals,Hawassa,Ethiopia.Methods:An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was used on a sample of 269 nurses and midwives working in maternity wards in Sidama region public hospitals.A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data.Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with nurses’and midwives’perceptions of caring behaviors.Results:Totally 261 nurses and midwives participated the survey.Based on the mean score,participants’perception of caring behavior was classified as higher and lower.According to this study,75.1%(196/261)of nurses and midwives demonstrated a higher perception of caring behavior.Respondents’age,professional satisfaction,personal satisfaction,midwife/nurse-doctor relationship and workload were significantly associated with their perception of caring behavior.Conclusions:Assessing the nurses’and midwives’perception of caring behavior and related factors is crucial for providing high-quality nursing and midwifery interventions.It is suggested to create a positive and conducive caring behavior in the organization by reducing excessive workload of nurses and midwives,as well as enhancing nurse/midwife-doctor relationship,and increasing their job satisfaction by providing recognition and reward will improve nurses’and midwives’caring behavior.
文摘To define "ethnicity" in the context of perinatal care is a tough job. The word makes us think: "racial, social, cultural, national…". An ethnic group is generally considered a group of people with a common history, usually(but not always) a common religion and language, sharing aspects of culture such as nutrition and traditions concerning pregnancy, childbirth, the way they care for children. As procreation occurs mostly ingroup, every ethnic group will demonstrate a higher prevalence of, more or less well-known, genes and their connected diseases. For some populations, such as Ashkenazi Jewish people, the prevalence and associated risks of these autosomal diseases are well known, as in the case of "Jewish genetic disease", and specific screening programs are available.
基金This study was supported by China National Center for AIDS Prevention and Control and Peking Union School of Public Health.
文摘Objectives: To describe and analyze risk factors associatedwith disuse of condoms during commercial sexual intercourseamong clients attending sauna and massage centers. Methods: Selected female sex workers from saunas andbeauty parlors were trained as interviewers. They surveyedclients during provision of sexual services. Informationcollected included customers' demographics, knowledge ofSTDs, rationale for and history of condom use. Risk factorsfor condom usage were assessed though logistical modeling.Results: A total of 50 clients were interviewed. The rates ofcondom usage for last sexual intercourse with commercial andnon-commercial partners were 57% and 53% for clients ofsauna centers and 30% and 40% for clients of beauty parlors,respectively. The choice to use a condom was influenced byclients 60.8% of the time, sex workers 30.4%, and otherfactors 8.8%. The choice against using a condom was decidedupon by clients 69.7% of the time, sex workers 9.1%, andother factors 21.2%. Multivariate analysis showed thateducational level and perception of risk of infection werefactors for condom use. Clients with a high school educationhad a higher condom use rate than those with a middle schooleducation or less. Furthermore, clients who perceived risk ofdisease used condoms more frequently than those who did not.Conclusions: Clients played a significant role in decidingwhether or not to use a condom during commercial sex. Lackof perception of risk is a major factor for not using condoms.A program for promotion of prophylactics targeting bothcommercial sex workers and their clients is recommended.
文摘OBJECTIVE: To identify contraceptive use behavior and its determinants among never married young women with an unwanted pregnancy and seeking pregnancy termination in Beijing. MEHTODS: A cross sectional study, adopting the Lawrence' PRECEDE-PROCEED model was conducted in 1999 in Beijing, China. A total of 306 unmarried young women, aged 18 to 24 years and requesting pregnancy termination, were face to face interviewed. RESULTS: Only 13% of the young women insisted on contraceptive use, and almost an equal proportion occasionally or never used contraceptives (26% and 27%, respectively). Among 224 women who had contraceptive use during the past 12 months, the methods used most often were condom (49%), withdrawal (28%) and the rhythm method (16%). One of the most important reasons cited by 73 percent of women who had never used contraceptives was that they did not realize the risk of getting pregnant. The results of logistic regression analysis revealed that knowledge on contraception, boyfriend's approval of contraceptive use, perceived risk of getting pregnant, perceived availability of contraceptive services and discussion of contraception with boyfriend were important indicators of a young woman's contraceptive use behavior. CONCLUSION: These results indicate an urgent need to develop sex education on conception and contraception among young women and men. It is equally important to enhance young women's perception about the risk of unwanted pregnancy and the complications of induced abortion. Promotinga men's cooperation and participation in contraceptive use as well as strengthening communication on contraception between young women and their partners is essential.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(13ZR1448100)
文摘The widespread use of pesticides induces heavy adverse effects on human health,especially for the pregnant women and the newborns.In this study,a screening method has been developed for the determination of multi-pesticides in maternal and umbilical cord sera.All pesticides in sera were collected using solid phase extraction(SPE),and analyzed by gas chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry(GC-QTOF MS).To set up the quality criteria,a database of 50 pesticides was created and the accurate masses of 3 up to 5 representative ions with their intensity ratios were included for each pesticide.In addition,a novel"identification points"(IPs)system relying on the accurate MS1 and MS2 spectra was used to interpret the data for each suspected pesticide.The methodology was then applied to a pair of maternal and umbilical cord sera.A total of six pesticide residues were screened out successfully.In conclusion,GC-QTOF MS combined with an accurate mass database seemed to be one of the most efficient tools for systematic pesticide analysis.
