Digital base-map with the map mathematical foundation and basic geographic elements (river system,inhabitant areas, transportation,boundaries,topography,etc.)can be used in the thematic map database of for the framewo...Digital base-map with the map mathematical foundation and basic geographic elements (river system,inhabitant areas, transportation,boundaries,topography,etc.)can be used in the thematic map database of for the framework and control of some thematic map products. Its principal role is to provide basic mathematial base,natural elements and human elements for establishing varius thematic database and compiling various thematic maps, so as to locat the thematic information and prsent the relations and distributed law with the environment.Digital base-map are deveolped for the various special industrys’ need.These industries require such digital map products with the following features:short period of production,strongly aiming at,moderate information volume,easy to use, and quickly providing.The digital base-map are a supplement to the multi-scale,multi-category basic geo-information products.展开更多
This study examines the spatial and temporal forest cover changes in Swat and Shangla districts to understand the deforestation pattern in context of the recent security conflict in these districts. We used multi-reso...This study examines the spatial and temporal forest cover changes in Swat and Shangla districts to understand the deforestation pattern in context of the recent security conflict in these districts. We used multi-resolution satellite images to assess the long term deforestation from 2001 to 2009 and also to identify episodic forest cutting areas appeared during the conflict period of Oct. 2007 - Oct. 2008. There are only 58 ha of deforestation identified during the conflict period while 1268 ha of gross annual deforestation were assessed during last eight years. Most of the deforestation patches persist around the administrative boundaries at sub-district levels (tehsils) which can be attributed to ambiguity in unclear jurisdiction between the forest official. The results highlight that the forest cutting appeared in Swat and Shangla during the conflict period is not as significant when compared with the long term deforestation pattern in the area. On the one side the results of the study are supportive to the picture that emerges from international studies which report high rate of deforestation in the country and on the other side it negates any relation between the security situation and the increasing deforestation in the north western Pakistan. The study concludes that deforestation assessments require verification by independent sources of data, such as satellite imagery to improve our understanding of deforestation processes.展开更多
文摘Digital base-map with the map mathematical foundation and basic geographic elements (river system,inhabitant areas, transportation,boundaries,topography,etc.)can be used in the thematic map database of for the framework and control of some thematic map products. Its principal role is to provide basic mathematial base,natural elements and human elements for establishing varius thematic database and compiling various thematic maps, so as to locat the thematic information and prsent the relations and distributed law with the environment.Digital base-map are deveolped for the various special industrys’ need.These industries require such digital map products with the following features:short period of production,strongly aiming at,moderate information volume,easy to use, and quickly providing.The digital base-map are a supplement to the multi-scale,multi-category basic geo-information products.
基金the financial assistance by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) - Pakistan through the Pakistan Wetlands Programme
文摘This study examines the spatial and temporal forest cover changes in Swat and Shangla districts to understand the deforestation pattern in context of the recent security conflict in these districts. We used multi-resolution satellite images to assess the long term deforestation from 2001 to 2009 and also to identify episodic forest cutting areas appeared during the conflict period of Oct. 2007 - Oct. 2008. There are only 58 ha of deforestation identified during the conflict period while 1268 ha of gross annual deforestation were assessed during last eight years. Most of the deforestation patches persist around the administrative boundaries at sub-district levels (tehsils) which can be attributed to ambiguity in unclear jurisdiction between the forest official. The results highlight that the forest cutting appeared in Swat and Shangla during the conflict period is not as significant when compared with the long term deforestation pattern in the area. On the one side the results of the study are supportive to the picture that emerges from international studies which report high rate of deforestation in the country and on the other side it negates any relation between the security situation and the increasing deforestation in the north western Pakistan. The study concludes that deforestation assessments require verification by independent sources of data, such as satellite imagery to improve our understanding of deforestation processes.
