基于ADAMS的足行马机构的动力学仿真

在对足行马机构建立好实体模型的基础上,利用ADAMS对其沿水平面行走的运动特性进行了仿真。利用ADAMS的后处理模块的分析功能,重点研究了模型腿部质心的位移、速度、加速度及腿部连接副受力情况的变化。仿真结果表明该机构沿着水平面平稳地运动,不存在波动和偏离。这为下一步研制奇异位形工作的物理样机提供了理论指导,也为其他仿生机器人的研究提供了参考。

汉魏六朝“行马”建筑政治功能考论

行马是建筑物周围或门前的一种空间屏障设施,它本是战国时期的军事防御设施,至汉魏六朝逐渐演变成都城诸门、宫城诸门、公卿府邸等建筑物门外的空间屏障物,其功能也转化成分隔建筑物内外空间及政治权限的实物标志。例如宫城内外的监察权限通常是用"行马"这一特定概念来表述的,"行马内外"实际成为区别宫城内外两个不同空间管辖权的特定语言。都城门外、公卿府邸门外等设置的行马,其政治特权亦然。行马建筑设施的强化突出了统治者在城市空间划分和对主体"人"的行为进行约束这两方面的控制,凸显了皇权政治行为空间的等级性和文化象征性。

“以行解马”:马克思主义解读模式的新选择

马克思主义的解读模式指的是理解和解释马克思主义的理论依据、方法依据,特别是问题框架、主题框架、理论框架。传统的"以恩解马"、"以苏解马"、"以西解马"等解读模式都是特定历史情境的产物,具有某种局限性。"以行解马"就是在实践中解读与发展马克思主义,这一解读模式体现了历史与逻辑相统一、理论与现实相联系以及马克思的继承者与其一脉相承三大原则,是马克思主义解读模式的题中应有之义。

洗马·行马·但马

把这三个词生拉硬扯到一起似乎有点莫名其妙。之所以这么做的原因需要从一则掌故说起：

民族管弦乐曲《茶马古道行》叙事策略探究

民族管弦乐曲《茶马古道行》由作曲家吴华创作于2005年,是一部具有浓厚历史底蕴的优秀作品,曲中所蕴含的叙事性是其最为突出的创作特征。作曲家在以"行"为作品题旨,以"叙"为表达方式的创作理念之下,将"点、线、面"三个维度作为叙事策略并开展多样建构:即"点" —大漠的荒寂与西域的风情,"线"—旅程的艰辛与征途的豪壮,"面" —到达的热烈,并通过"素色点描"的配器思维、多元异构的音乐元素、"峰回路转"式的旋律形态等作曲技法,来实现造境、寄情、立意等艺术效果。正是这一策略,最终促成了作品"以声绘景" "以乐道情",带有"夹叙夹议"特色的叙事风格。

浅谈西域风格琵琶曲艺术特征——以《茶马古道行》为例

琵琶是中国传统民族弹拨乐器,历史悠久,表现力丰富。琵琶创作乐曲中,西域风格琵琶曲独具特色,民族色彩浓厚,为琵琶曲注入了新鲜血液,在充分展现我国少数民族风貌的同时,也传播了琵琶艺术,值得进一步学习与研究。本文以琵琶独奏曲《茶马古道行》为例,简要分析西域风格琵琶曲的艺术特征,同时结合少数民族文化的保护与传承,对未来琵琶曲创作的发展进行了深入的思考。

“术刺阿塔思”考释

元代文献中出现的术剌阿塔思是一种特殊的马.朮剌又译住剌、着力牙等,是蒙古语(j)oriya>(j)orā ((j)urā)的音译,突厥语作yorga.此种马匹要经过专人特殊训练,行走方式特殊,又称为“对侧步马”、“蹿行马”,是不可多得的良马,故比普通马要昂贵很多.训练这种马匹的人称为拙里牙赤((j)oriya(c)i).元廷在各地驿站中配备这种马匹提供给重要使臣使用.但是诸王等人的使臣、番僧等人却倚仗权势越级挑选和滥用蹿行马,甚至殴打站户,严重影响了驿站秩序.在屡禁不止的情况下,元廷无奈,下令驿站不得蓄养蹿行马.这也折射出元廷对诸投下管理乏术的一个社会问题.

Phase transformation and damping behavior of lightweight porous TiNiCu alloys fabricated by powder metallurgy process

Porous TiNiCu ternary shape memory alloys （SMAs） were successfully fabricated by powder metallurgy method. The microstructure, martensitic transformation behavior, damping performance and mechanical properties of the fabricated alloys were intensively studied. It is found that the apparent density of alloys decreases with increasing the Cu content, the porous Ti50Ni40Cu10 alloy exhibits wide endothermic and exothermic peaks arisen from the hysteresis of martensitic transformations, while the porous Ti50Ni30Cu20 alloy shows much stronger and narrower endothermic and exothermic peaks owing to the B2-B19 transformation taking place easily. Moreover, the porous Ti50Ni40Cu10 alloy shows a lower shape recovery rate than the porous Ti50Ni50 alloy, while the porous Ti50Ni30Cu20 alloy behaves reversely. In addition, the damping capacity （or internal friction, IF） of the porous TiNiCu alloys increases with increasing the Cu content. The porous Ti50Ni30Cu20 alloy has very high equivalent internal friction, with the maximum equivalent internal friction value five times higher than that of the porous Ti50Ni50 alloy.

Speed Control of Travelling Wave Type Ultrasonic Motors Using Artificial Neural Network

Ultrasonic motor (USM) is a newly developed motor, and it has some excellent performances and useful features, therefore, it has been expected to be of practical use. However, the driving principle of USM is different from that of other electromagnetic type motors, and the mathematical model is complex to apply to motor control. Furthermore, the speed characteristics of the motor have heavy nonlinearity and vary with driving conditions. Hence, the precise speed control of USM is generally difficult. This paper proposes a new speed control scheme for USM using an artificial neural network. An accurate tracking response can be obtained by random initialization of the weights of the network owing to the powerful on line learning capability. Two prototype ultrasonic motors of travelling wave type were fabricated, both having 100 mm outer diameters of stator and piezoelectric ceramic. The usefulness and validity of the proposed control scheme are examined in experiments.

Constitutive modeling of hot deformation behavior of X20Cr13 martensitic stainless steel with strain effect

Hot deformation behavior ofX20Cr13 martensitic stainless steel was investigated by conducting hot compression tests on Gleeble-1500D thermo-mechanical simulator at the temperature ranging from 1173 to 1423 K and the strain rate ranging from 0.001 to 10 s^-1. The material constants of a and n, activation energy Q and A were calculated as a function of strain by a fifth-order polynomial fit. Constitutive models incorporating deformation temperature, strain rate and strain were developed to model the hot deformation behavior of X20Cr13 martensitic stainless steel based on the Arrhenius equation. The predictable efficiency of the developed constitutive models of X20Cr13 martensitic stainless steel was analyzed by correlation coefficient and average absolute relative error which are 0.996 and 3.22%, respectively.

Motivation dimensions for running a marathon:A new model emerging from the Motivation of Marathon Scale(MOMS)

Purpose：The aim of this study was to test and expand the Motivation of Marathoners Scale（MOMS） model（Masters et al.,1993）.Methods：The MOMS questionnaire was distributed to 306 male and female marathon runners（age range：20–77 years） with experience in marathon running（range：1–44 runs）.A confirmatory factor analysis（CFA） revealed that the original Purpose：The aim of this study was to test and expand the Motivation of Marathoners Scale（MOMS） model（Masters et al.,1993）.Methods：The MOMS questionnaire was distributed to 306 male and female marathon runners（age range：20-77 years） with experience in marathon running（range：1-44 runs）.A confirmatory factor analysis（CFA） revealed that the original model failed to fit the data.Hence,exploratory factor analysis（EFA） was performed to test the best factorial solution for the current data,and a subsequent CFA was performed on the revised factorial structure.Then,a series of EFAs using maximum likelihood factor extraction method were performed.Results：The best structure solution for model-data fit resulted in 11 factors：psychological coping-emotional-related coping,psychological coping-everyday-life management,life meaning,self-esteem,recognition,affiliation,weight concerns,general health orientation-reduced disease prevalence and longevity,general health orientation-keep fit,competition,and personal goal achievement.Conclusion：This study provides a sound and solid framework for studying motivation for physically demanding tasks such as marathon runs,and needs to be similarly applied and tested in studies incorporating physical tasks which vary in mental demands.

Fraud Prevention Mechanisms of Malaysian Government-Linked Companies： An Assessment of Existence and Effectiveness

Understanding the root causes of fraud and learning about the most effective fraud prevention mechanisms are critical in reducing the incidence of financial fraud. Therefore, this study solicits the views of fraud investigators on the existence and effectiveness of fraud prevention mechanisms within Government-Linked Companies （GLCs）. Specifically, effective fraud prevention mechanisms （FPM） should be undertaken by five critical groups, namely the board of directors, audit committees, external auditors, internal auditors, and anti-fraud specialists. A total of 147 questionnaires were distributed to fraud investigators of all public listed GLCs in Malaysia. Out of those, a total of 45 usable responses were received, which represents an effective response rate of 30.6%. In terms of existence, the respondents ranked ＂management review of internal controls＂ and ＂external audits of financial statements＂ as the top-most FPMs. This was followed by other mechanisms such as operational audits, internal audits and internal control review/improvements by departments. Out of the 27 fraud prevention mechanisms, fraud investigators perceiyed surprise audits, fraud hotline, fraud prevention program and training, anti-fraud policy, fraud vulnerability reviews, operational audits, whistle-blowing policy, internal audit or fraud examination department, and, imposing penalty and disciplinary action as more effective than the others. Overall, this study provides important insights to practitioners and organizations in identifying fraud prevention mechanisms that are most effective.

Assessing Financial Performance of Malaysian Islamic and Conventional Commercial Banks Using Financial Ratios

A rapid growth of Islamic banking has led the Malaysian economy to gaining greater prosperity than before. Presently, there are more than 20 Islamic banks operating in Malaysia. Financial ratios calculated from the categories of liquidity, profitability, risk and solvency, and efficiency of banks can be used to gauge the overall financial performance of the banking industry. The objective is to assess the overall performance of Islamic banks as well as conventional banks in Malaysia using financial ratios. The findings indicated that conventional commercial banks in Malaysia do have better quality assets, are more liquid, and are more profitable than Islamic banks. Total expenses in conventional banks are much higher, which may affect profitability and the significant amount of non-performing loans （NPLs）, thus increasing solvency risk. The findings show positive insights of Islamic banks, whose confidence and trust are rising, over a short period with strong improvements in asset utilization, effective management, and expenditure control. This comparative study clearly identified that conventional banks are better financial performers compared to Islamic banks in Malaysia during the period of 2006-2010.

Malmquist indices of productivity growth for Islamic and conventional banks in Malaysia

This paper studies the total factor productivity （TFP） of banks in Malaysia with the emphasis on comparing the relative productivities of Islamic and Conventional banks. The Malmquist index approach is used to decompose productivity growth into technical efficiency and technological change. The productivity growth is measured and decomposed into technical change and efficiency change. The efficiency change is further decomposed into pure efficiency change and scale efficiency. It is found that Islamic banks＇ productivity growth is limited by its lack of technological change compared to its conventional counterparts. Nonetheless, both types of banks are operating at the correct level in terms of scale or size.

Diminutive Usage of Internet Banking： A Malaysian Case Study

As the opportunities offered, most individuals and businesses feel that E-banking energies are great. Thus, threats are unavoidable to banks if they fail to identify consequences and vulnerabilities accompanying e-banking practices. The usage rate of e-banking in a top international commercial bank in Malaysia is rather diminutive compare to its other bases in countries like Singapore, China and India. Interestingly, it is on decreasing mode year by year. This study aimed to offer a good set of information of the factors influencing low usage and possibilities to suggest ways to increase the usage among the bank customers. In this study, a comprehensive survey data gathering were used to collect and analyze the respondents and results indicate that ease of use is the most significant contributor to the low usage. 204 valid feedbacks were obtained from the SCM bank＇s customers, with the research indicating that e-banking still has a gap to fill between customers, the bank and the e-system in maximizing the desire of existing clients to go over the net.

Risk Factors of Commercial Banks in Malaysia

All kinds of risks exist in the banking industry. In order to cover these exposures, banks must manage these risk factors for better survival in any state of uncertainty. The objective is to examine the relevant risk factors that will affect the sensitivity of commercial banks in Malaysia. These factors are liquidity and interest rate risk, credit risk, market risk, operating and country risk, and exchange rate risk. A survey is conducted to solicit the appropriate factors that will influence the sensitivity of banks. Factor analysis is then used to identify the factors and a regression model is used to establish the associations. The results obtained through this research would be beneficial in constructing an effective solution or strategy to enable banks to minimize risk and possible failure in times of adversity.

Shanghai's Fashion During Republic Period

The goal of this research is to describe and analyze Shanghai’s fashion during Republic Period. Shanghai’s fashion during Republic Period plays a special role in fashion history of China and Shanghai history. In the paper, three aspects including the fashion centre of China as well as Far East, men’s fashion and women’s fashion in Shanghai are discussed. The style, textiles, color, decoration and combination of clothing are described. Many costumes from the Clothing Museum at Donghua University and private collections as well as some historical writings, photographs and publications are elucidated and corroborated to give a more detailed description about Shanghai’s fashion during that period.Here are some tentative conclusions. Firstly, Shanghai had always been the fashion center in China even Far East during Republic Period. Modeng was the main reflection of Shanghai fashion. Secondly, the traditional clothing exerted less influence and was less widely used, some kinds and combinations were out of fashion gradually. The fashion was described to be highly stylized, exquisite and concise. Thirdly, the influence of Western Style was further greater. The fashion in Shanghai was almost synchronous with fashion of Paris. Some western clothing was directly used in daily life and the elements of Western Style had an increasingly wide utilization. Fourthly, the New Chinese Style whose representatives were Qipao and Zhongshan Zhuang appeared and popularized in Shanghai. The fashion of Qipao changed frequently. Finally, the fashion in Shanghai called Shanghai Style could be summarized fashionable, exquisite, rapidly changeable, which is harmonious of both ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign.

Research and implementation on multi-dimension trust evaluation method with web service

Integrating with practical e-commerce application, this paper introduces a novel multi-dimension evaluation method to depict and calculate the trust values. The multi-dimension evaluation metrics include functional and nonfunctional properties and corresponding weights. The continuous measurement values and the Markov chain mechanism are adopted to compute the trust value and detect the malicious behaviors. The current evaluation has larger influence factor on the next transaction behavior. A trust model is implemented with web service which consists of publication, filtrating, calculating and storage center. It is easily extended and the user only defines each property and its weights according to specific requirements, then the trust values are got. In order to conveniently manage and avoid the dead-lock, some constraint rules are proposed. The results show that the method based on multi-dimension can reflect objectively the dynamic change of trust values.

Anti-hepatitis A seroprevalence among chronic viral hepatitis patients in Kelantan,Malaysia

AIM:To determine the seroprevalence of anti-hepatitis A virus (HAV) antibodies in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) and to justify the need for hepatitis A vaccination.METHODS:Patients (n=119) were enrolled between July and September 2009.The diagnosis of CLD was based on the presence of viral markers for more than 6 mo.The diagnosis of liver cirrhosis was based on clinical,biochemical and radiological profiles.Patient serum was tested for anti-HAV IgG.RESULTS:The overall anti-HAV seroprevalence was 88.2%.The aetiology of CLD was hepatitis B in 96 patients (80.7%) and hepatitis C in 23 patients (19.3%).Mean age was 44.4 ± 14 years.Patients were grouped according to age as follows:24 (20.2%) patients in the 21-30 years age group,22 (18.5%) in the 31-40 years age group,31 (26.1%) in the 41-50 years age group,23(19.3%) in the 51-60 years age group and 19 (16.0%) patients aged greater than 60 years,with reported seroprevalences of 66.7%,95.5%,93.5%,91.3% and 94.7%,respectively.There was a marked increase of seroprevalence in subjects older than 30 years (P=0.001).CONCLUSION:Our study demonstrated that patients aged greater than 30 years of age were likely to have natural immunity to hepatitis A.Therefore,hepatitis A vaccination may not be routinely required in this age group.