[Objective] This study aimed to evaluate the effects of exogenous salicylic acid derivatives on tobacco resistance to TMV and activity of defense enzymes. [Method] The tobboco leaves were treated by exogenous salicyli...[Objective] This study aimed to evaluate the effects of exogenous salicylic acid derivatives on tobacco resistance to TMV and activity of defense enzymes. [Method] The tobboco leaves were treated by exogenous salicylic acid derivatives. Then, the disease occurrence was observed, and the activity of phenylalanin ammo- nia lyase （PAL） and peroxidase （POX） were measured. [Result] Exogenous salicylic acid derivative increased the activities of PAL and POX, while did not influence the resistance to TMV. [Conclusion] The result provides a theoretical basis for the study of plant disease resistance mechanisms.展开更多
Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation(HDO)is one of the most promising strategies to transform oxygen-rich biomass derivatives into high value-added chemicals and fuels,but highly challenging due to the lack of highly efficien...Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation(HDO)is one of the most promising strategies to transform oxygen-rich biomass derivatives into high value-added chemicals and fuels,but highly challenging due to the lack of highly efficient nonprecious metal catalysts.Herein,we report for the first time of a facile synthetic approach to controllably fabricate well-defined Ni-Co alloy NPs confined on the tip of N-CNTs as HDO catalyst.The resultant Ni-Co alloy catalyst possesses outstanding HDO performance towards biomass-derived vanillin into 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol in water with 100%conversion efficiency and selectivity under mild reaction conditions,surpassing the reported high performance nonprecious HDO catalysts.Impressively,our experimental results also unveil that the Ni-Co alloy catalyst can be generically applied to catalyze HDO of vanillin derivatives and other aromatic aldehydes in water with 100%conversion efficiency and over 90%selectivity.Importantly,our DFT calculations and experimental results confirm that the achieved outstanding HDO catalytic performance is due to the greatly promoted selective adsorption and activation of C=O,and desorption of the activated hydrogen species by the synergism of the alloyed Ni-Co NPs.The findings of this work affords a new strategy to design and develop efficient transition metal-based catalysts for HDO reactions in water.展开更多
Microbial community diversities in the drainage from three mines(Dexing Copper Mine,Qibaoshan Copper Mine and Yaogangxian Tungsten Mine,China)were analyzed using 16S rDNA PCR-RFLP approach.The efficiencies of chalcopy...Microbial community diversities in the drainage from three mines(Dexing Copper Mine,Qibaoshan Copper Mine and Yaogangxian Tungsten Mine,China)were analyzed using 16S rDNA PCR-RFLP approach.The efficiencies of chalcopyrite bioleaching were compared using enrichment of the three cultures.Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the dominant microorganisms are clustered with the Proteobacteria,the remaining is affiliated with Nitrospira,Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria.At the genus level,Acidithiobacillus is the dominant group in both YTW and QBS samples,while Spingomonas is dominant in YGX sample.Moreover,the principal component analysis(PCA)reveals that QBS and YTW have similar geochemical character and microbial communities.The results also show that pH value and tungsten concentration play a key role in microbial community distribution and relative abundance.The bioleaching efficiency of the enrichment cultures from YTW and QBS is similar.After 15 d,the bioleaching rates of low grade chalcopyrite(0.99%)are both up to 99.5% when using 10 g/L pulp density due to the similar microbial composition of YTW and QBS.Moreover,the leaching efficiencies of enrichment cultures containing multiple bioleaching microorganisms are higher than that of pure culture Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans.展开更多
Zhikong scallop(Chlamys farreri) is an important maricultured species in China.Many researches on this species,such as population genetics and QTL fine-mapping,need a large number of molecular markers.In this study,ba...Zhikong scallop(Chlamys farreri) is an important maricultured species in China.Many researches on this species,such as population genetics and QTL fine-mapping,need a large number of molecular markers.In this study,based on the expressed sequence tags(EST),a total of 300 putative single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) were selected and validated using high resolution melting(HRM) technology with unlabeled probe.Of them,101(33.7%) were found to be polymorphic in 48 individuals from 4 populations.Further evaluation with 48 individuals from Qingdao population showed that all the polymorphic loci had two alleles with the minor allele frequency ranged from 0.046 to 0.500.The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.000 to 0.925 and from 0.089 to 0.505,respectively.Fifteen loci deviated significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and significant linkage disequilibrate was detected in one pair of markers.BLASTx gave significant hits for 72 of the 101 polymorphic SNP-containing ESTs.Thirty four polymorphic SNP loci were predicted to be non-synonymous substitutions as they caused either the change of codons(33 SNPs) or pretermination of translation(1 SNP).The markers developed can be used for the population studies and genetic improvement on Zhikong scallop.展开更多
A series of Co-based oxide catalysts were prepared by calcining hydrotalcite precursors in different atmospheres and studied for HCHO catalytic oxidation. The N2-calcined catalyst exhibits enhanced HCHO oxidation and ...A series of Co-based oxide catalysts were prepared by calcining hydrotalcite precursors in different atmospheres and studied for HCHO catalytic oxidation. The N2-calcined catalyst exhibits enhanced HCHO oxidation and superior stability. On the basis of H2-TPR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman characterizations, this can be ascribed to better redox ability, octahedrally coordinated Co2+ ions derived from the CoO phase, and other surface oxygen species, such as O2– or O–. The extra octahedrally coordinated Co2+ ions may reside in a more open framework site than the inactive tetrahedrally coordinated Co2+ ions. This species of Co2+ can easily make contact with oxygen and oxidize. The surface oxygen species, along with the octahedrally coordinated Co2+ ions, and a part of the Co3+ species constitute the Co2+-oxygen species-Co3+ sites, which enhance the catalytic activities. According to DRIFTS, Co2+-oxygen species-Co3+ makes oxidation of HCHO and conversion of DOM to formate easier.展开更多
Caspase-1-mediated IL-1β production is generally controlled by two pathways. Toll-like receptors （TLRs） recognize pathogen-derived products and induce NF-KB-dependent pro-IL-1β transcription; NOD-like receptors （...Caspase-1-mediated IL-1β production is generally controlled by two pathways. Toll-like receptors （TLRs） recognize pathogen-derived products and induce NF-KB-dependent pro-IL-1β transcription; NOD-like receptors （NLRs） assemble caspase-l-activating inflammasome complexes that sense bacterial products/danger signals. Through a targeted chemical screen, we identify bromoxone, a marine natural product, as a specifc and potent inhibitor of the caspase-1 pathway. Bromoxone is effective over diverse inflammatory stimuli including TLR ligands plus ATP/nigeri- cin, cytosolic DNA, flagellin and Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin. Bromoxone also efficiently suppresses easpase-1 acti- vation triggered by several types of bacterial infection. Bromoxone acts upstream or at the level of the inflammasome in a transcription-independent manner. Bromoxone also inhibits pro-IL-1β expression by targeting components up- stream of IKK in the TLR-NF-kB pathway. The unique dual activities of bromoxone are shared by the known TAK1 inhibitor that specifically blocks Nalp3 inflammasome activation. Hinted from the mechanistic and pharmacological properties of bromoxone, we further discover that several known NF-KB inhibitors that act upstream of IKK, but not those targeting IKK or IKK downstream, are potent blockers of different NLRs-mediated caspase-1 activation. Our study uncovers a possible non-transcriptional molecular link between the NLR （Nalp3）-mediated inflammasome pathway and TLR-NF-kB signaling, and suggests a potential strategy to develop new anti-inflammatory drugs.展开更多
Microsized single-crystalline Co3O4 has been synthesized by high-temperature hydrolysis of CoCD2H20 at 600℃. The samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） an...Microsized single-crystalline Co3O4 has been synthesized by high-temperature hydrolysis of CoCD2H20 at 600℃. The samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The results reveal that the as-prepared powders are microsized single-crystalline CO3O4 with cubic spinel structure. An increase in the high-temperature hydrolysis time results in the evolution of particle shapes from cube to quasi-sphere, and then to octahedron. The effect of NaCl additive on the surface morphologies of Co3O4 particles was experimentally investigated. The results indicate that the NaCl additive acts as an inert disperse phase in the high-temperature hydrolysis, and prevents the aggregation of Co3O4 particles effectively.展开更多
基金Supported by University Student Science and Technology Innovation Plan of Zhejiang Province(2011R412033)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to evaluate the effects of exogenous salicylic acid derivatives on tobacco resistance to TMV and activity of defense enzymes. [Method] The tobboco leaves were treated by exogenous salicylic acid derivatives. Then, the disease occurrence was observed, and the activity of phenylalanin ammo- nia lyase （PAL） and peroxidase （POX） were measured. [Result] Exogenous salicylic acid derivative increased the activities of PAL and POX, while did not influence the resistance to TMV. [Conclusion] The result provides a theoretical basis for the study of plant disease resistance mechanisms.
文摘Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation(HDO)is one of the most promising strategies to transform oxygen-rich biomass derivatives into high value-added chemicals and fuels,but highly challenging due to the lack of highly efficient nonprecious metal catalysts.Herein,we report for the first time of a facile synthetic approach to controllably fabricate well-defined Ni-Co alloy NPs confined on the tip of N-CNTs as HDO catalyst.The resultant Ni-Co alloy catalyst possesses outstanding HDO performance towards biomass-derived vanillin into 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol in water with 100%conversion efficiency and selectivity under mild reaction conditions,surpassing the reported high performance nonprecious HDO catalysts.Impressively,our experimental results also unveil that the Ni-Co alloy catalyst can be generically applied to catalyze HDO of vanillin derivatives and other aromatic aldehydes in water with 100%conversion efficiency and over 90%selectivity.Importantly,our DFT calculations and experimental results confirm that the achieved outstanding HDO catalytic performance is due to the greatly promoted selective adsorption and activation of C=O,and desorption of the activated hydrogen species by the synergism of the alloyed Ni-Co NPs.The findings of this work affords a new strategy to design and develop efficient transition metal-based catalysts for HDO reactions in water.
基金Project(50621063) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject (2004CB619204) supported by the National Basic Research and Development Program of China
文摘Microbial community diversities in the drainage from three mines(Dexing Copper Mine,Qibaoshan Copper Mine and Yaogangxian Tungsten Mine,China)were analyzed using 16S rDNA PCR-RFLP approach.The efficiencies of chalcopyrite bioleaching were compared using enrichment of the three cultures.Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the dominant microorganisms are clustered with the Proteobacteria,the remaining is affiliated with Nitrospira,Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria.At the genus level,Acidithiobacillus is the dominant group in both YTW and QBS samples,while Spingomonas is dominant in YGX sample.Moreover,the principal component analysis(PCA)reveals that QBS and YTW have similar geochemical character and microbial communities.The results also show that pH value and tungsten concentration play a key role in microbial community distribution and relative abundance.The bioleaching efficiency of the enrichment cultures from YTW and QBS is similar.After 15 d,the bioleaching rates of low grade chalcopyrite(0.99%)are both up to 99.5% when using 10 g/L pulp density due to the similar microbial composition of YTW and QBS.Moreover,the leaching efficiencies of enrichment cultures containing multiple bioleaching microorganisms are higher than that of pure culture Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31130054)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2010CB126406 and 2010CB126402)+2 种基金the National High-Tech R&D Program(863 Program,2012AA10A402 and 2012AA10A405)the National Key Technology R&D Program(2011BAD13B06)the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research
文摘Zhikong scallop(Chlamys farreri) is an important maricultured species in China.Many researches on this species,such as population genetics and QTL fine-mapping,need a large number of molecular markers.In this study,based on the expressed sequence tags(EST),a total of 300 putative single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) were selected and validated using high resolution melting(HRM) technology with unlabeled probe.Of them,101(33.7%) were found to be polymorphic in 48 individuals from 4 populations.Further evaluation with 48 individuals from Qingdao population showed that all the polymorphic loci had two alleles with the minor allele frequency ranged from 0.046 to 0.500.The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.000 to 0.925 and from 0.089 to 0.505,respectively.Fifteen loci deviated significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and significant linkage disequilibrate was detected in one pair of markers.BLASTx gave significant hits for 72 of the 101 polymorphic SNP-containing ESTs.Thirty four polymorphic SNP loci were predicted to be non-synonymous substitutions as they caused either the change of codons(33 SNPs) or pretermination of translation(1 SNP).The markers developed can be used for the population studies and genetic improvement on Zhikong scallop.
基金support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91544227,21777166)the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFC0202202)~~
文摘A series of Co-based oxide catalysts were prepared by calcining hydrotalcite precursors in different atmospheres and studied for HCHO catalytic oxidation. The N2-calcined catalyst exhibits enhanced HCHO oxidation and superior stability. On the basis of H2-TPR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman characterizations, this can be ascribed to better redox ability, octahedrally coordinated Co2+ ions derived from the CoO phase, and other surface oxygen species, such as O2– or O–. The extra octahedrally coordinated Co2+ ions may reside in a more open framework site than the inactive tetrahedrally coordinated Co2+ ions. This species of Co2+ can easily make contact with oxygen and oxidize. The surface oxygen species, along with the octahedrally coordinated Co2+ ions, and a part of the Co3+ species constitute the Co2+-oxygen species-Co3+ sites, which enhance the catalytic activities. According to DRIFTS, Co2+-oxygen species-Co3+ makes oxidation of HCHO and conversion of DOM to formate easier.
文摘Caspase-1-mediated IL-1β production is generally controlled by two pathways. Toll-like receptors （TLRs） recognize pathogen-derived products and induce NF-KB-dependent pro-IL-1β transcription; NOD-like receptors （NLRs） assemble caspase-l-activating inflammasome complexes that sense bacterial products/danger signals. Through a targeted chemical screen, we identify bromoxone, a marine natural product, as a specifc and potent inhibitor of the caspase-1 pathway. Bromoxone is effective over diverse inflammatory stimuli including TLR ligands plus ATP/nigeri- cin, cytosolic DNA, flagellin and Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin. Bromoxone also efficiently suppresses easpase-1 acti- vation triggered by several types of bacterial infection. Bromoxone acts upstream or at the level of the inflammasome in a transcription-independent manner. Bromoxone also inhibits pro-IL-1β expression by targeting components up- stream of IKK in the TLR-NF-kB pathway. The unique dual activities of bromoxone are shared by the known TAK1 inhibitor that specifically blocks Nalp3 inflammasome activation. Hinted from the mechanistic and pharmacological properties of bromoxone, we further discover that several known NF-KB inhibitors that act upstream of IKK, but not those targeting IKK or IKK downstream, are potent blockers of different NLRs-mediated caspase-1 activation. Our study uncovers a possible non-transcriptional molecular link between the NLR （Nalp3）-mediated inflammasome pathway and TLR-NF-kB signaling, and suggests a potential strategy to develop new anti-inflammatory drugs.
基金Project(50704038) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(108170) supported by the Key Foundation of Ministry of Education,China
文摘Microsized single-crystalline Co3O4 has been synthesized by high-temperature hydrolysis of CoCD2H20 at 600℃. The samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The results reveal that the as-prepared powders are microsized single-crystalline CO3O4 with cubic spinel structure. An increase in the high-temperature hydrolysis time results in the evolution of particle shapes from cube to quasi-sphere, and then to octahedron. The effect of NaCl additive on the surface morphologies of Co3O4 particles was experimentally investigated. The results indicate that the NaCl additive acts as an inert disperse phase in the high-temperature hydrolysis, and prevents the aggregation of Co3O4 particles effectively.
