Fucoidan, a group of sulfated heteropolysaccharides, was extracted from Laminaria japonica, an important economic alga species in China. The anticoagulant activity of fucoidan and its derivatives (including sulfated, ...Fucoidan, a group of sulfated heteropolysaccharides, was extracted from Laminaria japonica, an important economic alga species in China. The anticoagulant activity of fucoidan and its derivatives (including sulfated, phosphorylated, and aminated fucoidan) was examined using in-vitro anticoagulant systems. The correlation between chemical variations within the fucoidan group and anticoagulant activity was determined. The in-vitro anticoagulant properties of fucoidan and its derivatives were determined by measuring activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), and thrombin time (TT). The results indicate anticoagulant activity in all samples using APTT and TT assays; however, only the fucoidan derivatives affected the PT assay. Thus, the fucoidan derivatives were able to inhibit both intrinsic and extrinsic blood coagulants. Fucoidan (FPS) and its derivatives presented better anticoagulant activity than low molecular weight fucoidan (DFPS) and its derivatives, suggesting that molecular weight and proper conformation are contributing factors for anticoagulant activity of polysaccharides. Amino groups have a positive charge and can thus change the charge density of fucoidan. Accordingly, among the tested samples, aminated fucoidan (NF) was the most active reflecting the importance of charge density for anticoagulant activity. Available data obtained using in-vitro models suggest that the sulfate content, sulfate/total-sugar ratio, molecular weight, and the substituted group of fucoidan are important factors for anticoagulant activity but that the influence of sulfate, phosphate and amino groups on anticoagulant activity was different.展开更多
Bioethanol is an attractive renewable energy resource that can be produced from agricultural feed stocks such as sugarcane, corn, sugar beet, wheat, barley and many types of waste biomass materials. It can be used as ...Bioethanol is an attractive renewable energy resource that can be produced from agricultural feed stocks such as sugarcane, corn, sugar beet, wheat, barley and many types of waste biomass materials. It can be used as a transport fuel, mainly as a biofuel additive for gasoline called ＂gasohol＂. In this study the possibility of using ethanol as a gasoline additive from economic, environmental and agricultural point of view in Iran is investigated. Daily gasoline consumption of Iran is about 66 million liters and 340 of this amount is imported. We consider the production of sugarcane-derived ethanol to displace 15% of gasoline use in lran. With existing technology, 450,000 hectares of land, 21 standard distillery and US $3,600 million investment will be required to produce this amount of ethanol. This is just about 60% of the money that currently Iran expends annually for importing about 5.8 million tones of gasoline.展开更多
With the rapid development of China film industry, more and more people are willing to go to the cinema to feel rich film culture, at the same time for the movie has also been seen the movie characters, including clot...With the rapid development of China film industry, more and more people are willing to go to the cinema to feel rich film culture, at the same time for the movie has also been seen the movie characters, including clothing and some other relative derivatives have higher requirements. Thus the birth of film art image derivatives, with the continued rapid development of film technology and film art, film art derivatives with 3D, 4D will be the future of film art image derivatives success ＂interview＂ has become a new economic growth point China film, its development prospects are very impressive. According to market research and analyse, through the research and analysis of 3D MAX movie derivatives as an example, from the aspects of brand image positioning and design of more specific design and research of film art image derivatives, thereby to strengthen and promote the combination of film technology and art products, and ultimately promote the rapid development of film art derivatives.展开更多
基金Supported by the Ocean Public Welfare Scientific Research Project, State Oceanic Administration of the People's Republic of China (No. 201005024)
文摘Fucoidan, a group of sulfated heteropolysaccharides, was extracted from Laminaria japonica, an important economic alga species in China. The anticoagulant activity of fucoidan and its derivatives (including sulfated, phosphorylated, and aminated fucoidan) was examined using in-vitro anticoagulant systems. The correlation between chemical variations within the fucoidan group and anticoagulant activity was determined. The in-vitro anticoagulant properties of fucoidan and its derivatives were determined by measuring activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), and thrombin time (TT). The results indicate anticoagulant activity in all samples using APTT and TT assays; however, only the fucoidan derivatives affected the PT assay. Thus, the fucoidan derivatives were able to inhibit both intrinsic and extrinsic blood coagulants. Fucoidan (FPS) and its derivatives presented better anticoagulant activity than low molecular weight fucoidan (DFPS) and its derivatives, suggesting that molecular weight and proper conformation are contributing factors for anticoagulant activity of polysaccharides. Amino groups have a positive charge and can thus change the charge density of fucoidan. Accordingly, among the tested samples, aminated fucoidan (NF) was the most active reflecting the importance of charge density for anticoagulant activity. Available data obtained using in-vitro models suggest that the sulfate content, sulfate/total-sugar ratio, molecular weight, and the substituted group of fucoidan are important factors for anticoagulant activity but that the influence of sulfate, phosphate and amino groups on anticoagulant activity was different.
文摘Bioethanol is an attractive renewable energy resource that can be produced from agricultural feed stocks such as sugarcane, corn, sugar beet, wheat, barley and many types of waste biomass materials. It can be used as a transport fuel, mainly as a biofuel additive for gasoline called ＂gasohol＂. In this study the possibility of using ethanol as a gasoline additive from economic, environmental and agricultural point of view in Iran is investigated. Daily gasoline consumption of Iran is about 66 million liters and 340 of this amount is imported. We consider the production of sugarcane-derived ethanol to displace 15% of gasoline use in lran. With existing technology, 450,000 hectares of land, 21 standard distillery and US $3,600 million investment will be required to produce this amount of ethanol. This is just about 60% of the money that currently Iran expends annually for importing about 5.8 million tones of gasoline.
文摘With the rapid development of China film industry, more and more people are willing to go to the cinema to feel rich film culture, at the same time for the movie has also been seen the movie characters, including clothing and some other relative derivatives have higher requirements. Thus the birth of film art image derivatives, with the continued rapid development of film technology and film art, film art derivatives with 3D, 4D will be the future of film art image derivatives success ＂interview＂ has become a new economic growth point China film, its development prospects are very impressive. According to market research and analyse, through the research and analysis of 3D MAX movie derivatives as an example, from the aspects of brand image positioning and design of more specific design and research of film art image derivatives, thereby to strengthen and promote the combination of film technology and art products, and ultimately promote the rapid development of film art derivatives.
