仝小林院士“下焦衍系”疾病辨治要诀

仝小林院士通过将中医传统藏象理论与现代解剖学相结合,以四焦(顶焦、上焦、中焦、下焦)八系(神、髓,肺、心,脾胃、肝胆,溲、衍)辨治体系为核心,对机体生理病理到临床诊疗进行了系统梳理。该辨治体系更加符合现代临床的认识,为统一中医辨证奠定了解剖和生理病理学基础。文章着重对“四焦八系”的下焦“衍系”的生理病理特征、临床辨证纲领进行论述,以阴阳辨证为“下焦衍系”的辨治总纲,以月经失调、围绝经期综合征、痛经、阳痿、滑精为例,总结仝小林院士特殊见解或独特治法,总治则皆为恢复衍系藏阴精、主命火的生理功能。

Structure-activity Relationship of Phenothiazines for Inhibition of Protein Kinase C and Reversal of Multidrug Resistance

Studies on structure-activity relationship of phenothiazines (PTZs) forinhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) and reversal of multidrug resistance (MDR) has been made invitro. The results showed that the order of potency of reversal effect of PTZs on MDR is as follows:2-COC_3 H_7 > 2-CF_3 > 2-COCH_3 > H. The type of piperazinyl substitution also significantlyaffected potency against MDR. The results show the order: CH_3 > COOC_2 H_5 > C_2 H_4 OH. Inaddition, PKC plays a marked role in diverse cellular process including MDR. Some derivatives of PTZwas tested for inhibition of PKC, of which PTZ11 showed the highest inhibitory effect of MDR andPKC, implying a potential reversal agent of MDR for tumor therapy in the future. We also tried toexplore the possible binding model of PTZs to PKC. Our molecular-modeling study preliminarilysuggests how these PTZs bind to PKC and provides a structural basis for the design of high affinityPKC-modulator. The infor-mation may be used in the rational design of more effective drugs.

Phase equilibria for the pseudo-ternary system(NaCl+Na2SO4+H2O)of coal gasification wastewater at T=(268.15 to 373.15)K

The pseudo-ternary system(Na Cl + Na_2SO_4+ H_2O) of coal gasification wastewater was studied at T =(268.15 to 373.15) K. The solubility and density of the equilibrium liquid phase were determined by the isothermal solution saturation method. The equilibrium solids were also investigated by the Schreinemaker's method of wet residues and X-ray powder diffraction(XRD). According to the experimental data, the phase diagrams were determined. It was found that there was no significant solubility difference on the Na Cl-rich side between the ternary system(Na Cl + Na_2SO_4+ H_2O) in coal gasification wastewater and in pure water. However, the solubility on the Na_2SO_4-rich side of coal gasification wastewater was apparently higher than that of pure water. The increase in the solubility of Na_2SO_4 was most likely caused by the effects of other impurities apart from Na Cl and Na_2SO_4 in coal gasification wastewater. The measured data and phase equilibrium diagrams can provide fundamental basis for salt recovery in coal gasification wastewater.

The mitochondrial genomes of Macrocheraia grandis grandis and Myrmoplasta mira(Hemiptera:Heteroptera:Pentatomomorpha) and the unique mitogenome rearrangement in Pyrrhocoroidea

Sequencing technology has developed rapidly in recent years. Complete or nearly complete mitochondrial genomes(mitogenomes) of 155 species from 47 families in Heteroptera have been sequenced. However, the amounts of mitogenomes between those families are unbalanced, which makes it difficult to correctly discern the patterns of mitogenome rearrangement in Heteroptera. Among 21 species from ten families, ten variations in mitogenome rearrangement had been previously reported, among which the translocation between tRNA-Thr and tRNA-Pro was considered as a synapomorphy of Pyrrhocoroidea based on two mitogenomes. As only one mitogenome in each of Largidae and Pyrrhocoridae had been sequenced to conclude the synapomorphy, more mitogenomes of Pyrrhocoroidea need to be explored. In this study, additional two mitogenomes of Pyrrhocoroidea(Macrocheraia grandis grandis(Gray, 1832) and Myrmoplasta mira Gerst-cker, 1892) were sequenced. Both of them also possess the same translocation between tRNA-Thr and tRNA-Pro, which reaffirms that this kind of rearrangement is a molecular synapomorphy of Pyrrhocoroidea. Moreover, we discovered a more complex rearrangement in Myrmoplasta mira, in which six nearly identical duplications of tRNA-Thr were found located downstream of tRNA-Pro. Considering the high biodiversity of Heteroptera, more mitogenomic studies are needed to improve our knowledge about mitogenome rearrangements and the potential synapomorphies.

DEPTH PROFILING OF DEUTERIUM IN Al_2O_3

D+2 ions of 70 and 90 keV were separately implanted into two thick samples of sintered alumina ceramic and the distribution of deuterium has been measured for three runs at an interval of 5 months using high energy proton backscattering and elastic recoil detection (ERD). The measured data show that there is little diffusion of deuterium in A12O3 and the diffusion coefficient is deduced to be 1.1 ×10-17 cm2/s. The measured total concentration of implanted deuterium is 4.5×1018 at./cm2. The profile of hydrogen adsorbed on the surface of Al2O3 samples was also observed by ERD and 1H(19F, αγ)16O analysis. The distribution range of 1H in Al2O3 after deuterium implantation is much larger than that before one.

Phase equilibria of Zn-Al-Ti ternary system at 450 and 600℃

The phase relationships in the Zn-Al-Ti system at 450 and 600℃ were experimentally determined using equilibrated alloys method.The specimens were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry.Eleven and eight three-phase regions are confirmed in the 450 and 600℃ isothermal sections,respectively.The Ti2Al5 which only exists at high temperature(990-1199.4℃)in Ti-Al binary system is confirmed in two isothermal sections due to the dissolution of zinc.The T phase is confirmed as a ternary compound rather than an extension phase of TiZn3 at 450℃.The T2 phase is a new ternary phase stable at 450 and 600℃ in Zn-Al-Ti ternary system.

Inhibitory effect of a new gossypol derivative apogossypolone (ApoG2) on xenograft of human prostate cancer cell line PC-3

Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effect of apogossypolone (ApoG2) on prostate cancer cell line PC-3 in vivo, and explore its mechanism. Methods: The models of transplantation tumors in Balb/c nu/nu mice were established via subcutaneous injection of PC-3 cells and the tumor-transplanted mice were divided into 4 groups: control group and three ApoG2 treatment groups, with 10 mice in each group. Volumes of the tumor were estimated every 2 d and the morphology of tumor tissues was observed. Immunohistochemistry was employed to observe the expression of Bcl-2, PCNA, CD31, caspase-3 and caspase-8 in tumor tissues. Results: ApoG2 (2.5 mg/kg-10 mg/kg) given intraperitoneally once a day can obviously inhibit the growth of subcutaneous prostatic carcinoma implant. The tumor volume decreased obviously when the treatment dosage was bigger than 5.0 mg/kg (P<0.01). Meanwhile, ApoG2 decreased the expression of PCNA and CD31, and enhanced the expression of caspases-3, caspase-8 in tumor tissues. Conclusion: ApoG2 exert an inhibitory effect on prostatic carcinoma possibly by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting tumor angiogenesis.

Surface wear resistance properties of Ta+N implanted W_(18)Cr_4V high speed steel

High-speed steel W18Cr4V is commonly used in industries such as blade and mould manufacturers because of its high level of hardness and toughness, M-hardness and resistance, Ion implantation is an effective method to improve the wear resistance of W18Cr4V. In our investigation, Ta and Ta＋N ion implantation was performed on W18Cr4V high-speed steel. The surface properties after implantation were evaluated by measuring friction coefficients while the cabonyl phase of the surface was analyzed by X-ray diffraction analysis. It was found that the friction coefficients of the treated samples were much lower. Samples implanted with Ta＋N had a lower friction coefficients than samples implanted only with Ta. This can be attributed to the formation of a new chemical compound, Fe7Ta3, on both surfaces. An even harder chemical compound, FerN, was formed on both surfaces of Ta＋N implanted samples.

Proposal and evaluation of a new norm index-based QSAR model to predict pEC50 and pCC50 activities of HEPT derivatives

The search and development of anti-HIV drugs is currently one of the most urgent tasks of pharmacological studies. In this work, a quantitative structure-activity relationship （QSAR） model based on some new norm indexes, was obtained to a series of more than 150 HEPT derivatives （1-[（2-hydroxyethoxy）methyl]-6-（phenylthio）thymine） to find their pEC50 （the required effective concentration to achieve 50% protection of MT-4 cells against the cytopathic effect of virus） and pCC50 （the required cytotoxic concentration to reduce visibility of 50% mock infected cell） activities. The model efficiencies were then validated using the leave-one-out cross validation （LOO-CV） and y- randomization test. Results indicated that this new model was efficient and could provide satisfactory results for prediction of pECso and pCC50 with the higher R2 train and the higher Rt2est. By using the leverage approach, the applicability domain of this model was further investigated and no response outlier was detected for HEFT derivatives involved in this work. Comparison results with reference methods demonstrated that this new method could result in significant improvements for predicting pEC50 and pCC50 of anti-HIV HEPT derivatives. Moreover, results shown in this present study suggested that these two absolutely different activities pECso and pCC50 of anti-HIV HEPT derivatives could be predicted well with a totally similar QSAR model, which indicated that this model mizht have the potential to be further utilized for other biological activities of HEFT derivatives.

Prediction of Aircraft＇s Longitudinal Motion Based on Aerodynamic Coefficients and Derivatives by Surrogate Model Approach

The accuracy of a flight simulation is highly dependent on the quality of the aerodynamic database and prediction accuracies of the aerodynamic coefficients and derivatives. A surrogate model is an approximation method that is used to predict unknown functions based on the sampling data obtained by the design of experiments. This model can also be used to predict aerodynamic coefficients/derivatives using several measured points. The objective of this paper is to develop an efficient digital flight simulation by solving the equation of motion to predict the aerodynamics data using a surrogate model. Accordingly, there is a need to construct and investigate aerodynamic databases and compare the accuracy of the surrogate model with the exact solution, and hence solve the equation of motion for the flight simulation analysis. In this study, sample datas for models are acquired from the USAF Stability and Control DATCOM, and a database is constructed for two input variables （the angle of attack and Mach number）, along with two derivatives of the X-force axis and three derivatives for the Z-force axis and pitching moment. Furthermore, a comparison of the value predicted by the Kriging model and the exact solution shows that its flight analysis prediction ability makes it possible to use the surrogate model in future analyses.

Approximation of Derivative for a Singularly Perturbed Second-Order ODE of Robin Type with Discontinuous Convection Coefficient and Source Term

In this paper, a singularly perturbed Robin type boundary value problem for second-order ordinary differential equation with discontinuous convection coefficient and source term is considered. A robust-layer-resolving numerical method is proposed. An e-uniform global error estimate for the numerical solution and also to the numerical derivative are established. Numerical results are presented, which are in agreement with the theoretical predictions.

Effect of Crystallization Conditions on Polymorphic Diversity of Malic Acid RS-Racemate

Enantiomers （R （＋） and S（-））, RS-racemate mixture of enantiomers） of malic acid C4H605 have been （double compound） and （R ＋ S） -conglomerate （mechanical investigated by means of X-ray diffractometry and high tern- perature X-ray diffraction method. The RS-racemate was found to be able to form three polymorphic modifications, which we denominated as M1 （monoclinic, space group P21/c）, M2 （monoclinic, space group Cc）, and Tc （triclinic, space group P-l ）, the latter modification having been unknown before. Modification Tc was also described, and its X- ray diffraction characteristics, including interplanar spacings d, hkl indices, unit cell parameters, were defined. In addi- tion, X-ray diffraction characteristics for both reported earlier M1 and M2 monoclinic polymorphic modifications were measured with higher accuracy. The ability of RS-racemate to form one of the above three modifications （MI, M2, and Tc） or their mixtures containing various proportions and combinations of the components （M1 ＋ M2, M1 ＋ Tc, or M2 ＋ Tc） was found to depend on the type of crystallization medium （a melt, aqueous medium, ethanol or acetone solu- tion）, crystallization rate （from 2--3 minutes to 4 months）, and crystallization temperature. Heating S-enantiomer and M1 RS-racemate up to their respective melting points （100 ℃ and 124 ℃, correspondingly） only made them undergo thermal deformations, while heating （R ＋ S） -conglomerate in the temperature range of 96--110 ℃ resulted in its homogenization to form M2 RS-racemate, which, near the melting point （118 ℃）, namely, in the range of 112-116 ℃, was transformed into MI RS-racemate. Keywords： polvmorDhism; racemic, chiral

Well-posed analysis for a class of Helmholtz equation with periodic coefficients

The scattering theory in periodic structures has many applications in modern microoptics and industry. Periodic structures are often referred to as diffraction gratings. In this paper we consider a planar dielectric-layer modulated grating problem. The diffraction problem may be modeled by a Helmholtz equation with periodic coefficients. Results on existence and uniqueness of the solution for the diffraction problem are obtained by variational method and integral equation method, respectively. At the end of the paper, we also discuss the Born approximation to the solution of an equivalent integral equation.

Adaptive Tracking Control for Diffractive Film Based on Nonlinear Sliding Mode

A nonlinear sliding mode adaptive controller for a thin-film diffractive imaging system is designed to achieve accurate pointing direction over the attitude of subarrays in large-diameter mirror arrays.The kinematics and dynamics equations based on error quaternion and angular velocity are derived,and a diffractive thin-film sub-mirror array controller is designed to point precisely.Moreover,the global stability of the controller is proved by the Lyapunov method.Since the controller can adaptively identify the inertia matrix of each sub-mirror system,it is robust to bounded disturbances and changes in inertia parameters.At the same time,the continuous arctangent function is introduced,which is effectively anti-chattering.The simulation results show that the designed controller can ensure the accurate tracking of the diffractive film in each sub-mirror in the presence of rotational inertia matrix uncertainty and various disturbances.

Distribution characteristic and geological signiflcance of rare earth elements in Lopingian mudstone of Permian,Panxian county,Guizhou province

In order to discuss the geochemical characteristic of REEs （rare earth elements） and their geological application, we measured the contents of rare earth elements, trace elements and minerals of 29 Lopingian （Late Permian） mudstone samples in Panxian county, carrying out ICP-MS and XRD analysis. The results show that the amount of REEs （185.56-729.46 ×10-6） is high. The ratios of w（LREE）/w（HREE） （6.84- 13.86） and W（La）N/w（Yb）N （1.01-3.02） show clear differentiation of LREEs and HREEs. ZREE has a significantly or critically positive correlation with lithophile elements Th, Nb, Ta, Ti, Ca, Sc, Cs, Zr, Hf, Sr, Be and chaicophile element Zn, a critically negative correlation with siderophile element Fe and a slightly positive correlation with illite, illite smectite mixed layers and siderite. REEs originate mainly from terrigenous minerals, in an inorganic phase, Source rocks of our samples consist of Emeishan basalt and a small part of sedimentary rocks, as suggested by the distribution patterns of REEs and w（∑REE）- w（La）/w（Yb） diagram. Moreover, abnormal surfaces near the sequence boundaries （SB2, SB3, SB4） are related wiLth the boundaries, identified by geochemical characteristics of the REEs, such as ∑REE. w（LREE）/w（HREE）, Eu/Eu＊ and Ceanom.

Binding Mechanism and Molecular Design of Benzimidazole/Benzothiazole Derivatives as Potent Abl T3151 Mutant Inhibitors

Despite the efficacy of imatinib therapy in chronic myelogenous leukemia, the development of drug-resistant Abl mutants, especially the most difficult overcoming T3151 mutant, makes the search for new Abl T3151 inhibitors a very interesting challenge in medicinal chem- istry. In this work, a multistep computational framework combining the three dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship （3D-QSAR）, molecular docking, molecular dy- namics （MD） simulation and binding free energy calculation, was performed to explore the structural requirements for the Abl T315I activities of benzimidazole/benzothiazole derivatives and the binding mechanism between the inhibitors and Abl T315I. The established 3D-QSAR models exhibited satisfactory internal and external predictability. Docking study elucidated the comformations of compounds and the key amino acid residues at the binding pocket, which were confirmed by MD simulation. The binding free energies correlated well with the experimental activities. The MM-GBSA energy decomposition revealed that the van der Waals interaction was the major driving force for the interaction between the ligands and Abl T3151. The hydrogen bond interactions between the inhibitors and Met318 also played an important role in stablizing the binding of compounds to Abl T315I. Finally, four new compounds with rather high Abl T3151 activities were designed and presented to experimenters for reference.

Structure - Antimicrobial Activity Relationship Investigation of Some Butadiene and Chalcone Derivatives

The biological activity against Staphylococcus aureus, and Eschericia coil were investigated implementing three series, the first series was l-phenyl-2-（4＇-X-phenyl）-4-（2,4-dichlorophenyl）-1,3-butadiene, where X = H, CH3, OCH3, NH2, C1, F, NO2 and COOEt; the second was 3,4-dichlorochalcone series namely 3-（3,4-dichlorophenyl）-l-（4＇-X-phenyl）-2-propen-l-one, where X = H, CH3, OCH3, NH2, CI, F, NO2 and CN; and the third one was 2,4-dichlorochalcone series namely 3-（2,4-dichlorophenyl）-l- （4＇-X-phenyl）-2-propen-l-one, where X = H, CH3, OCH3, NH2, C1, F, NO2 and COOEt. MIC, MBC and the percentage of inhibition （activity） at 20 ~tg/mL, 15 μg/mL and 10μg/mL against Eschericia coli, and at 7.5 lag/mL, 5 μg/mL and 2.5 μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus, were determined for each compound in the three series. Highest MIC activity against E. coli and S. aureus were given by 2,4-dichlorochalcone series. Butadiene series was similar in behavior to 2,4-dichlorochalcone series in MIC activity against S. aureus. Results of MBC revealed that compounds in the three series exerted high activity against both types of bacteria. Compounds substituted with nitro or nitril exhibited higher activity than other compounds in the three series. Percentage of inhibition of halogenated compounds （4＇-C1 and 4＇-F） was almost equal in every series. Compounds with substituents （4＇-H and 4＇-CH3） showed fluctuation in activity according to the nature of each series.

Synthesis of Some More New Sulfur Compounds Bearing Heterocyclic Systems as Biocidal Agents - Part I ： Synthetic of 2-Thioxo Thiadiazinone Derivatives

Some more new sulfur compounds bearing heterocyclic systems mainly 2-thioxo-1,3,4-thiadiazinone derivatives 2-7 and 3-thioxo-1,2,4-triazole derivatives 9 have been synthetic via alkylation, acylation and condensation of dithioic formic acid hydrazide 1 through ring closure reactions with α,β-bi functional groups compounds. Most of the obtained target showed a highly activity towards some microbial in compare with two references antibiotics, Pipercillin and Mycostatine. The structures of the products have been established from their elemental and spectral analysis.

Molten Salt Synthesis of (K_(0.47)Na_(0.47)Li_(0.06))NbO_3 Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics

(K0.47Na0.47Li0.06)NbO3 (KNLN) lead-free ceramics were prepared by molten salt synthesis (MSS) method using k2CO3-Na2CO3 eutectic mixtures as the flux. The microstructure and piezoelectric properties when sintered at 980-1 030 ℃ were investigated. The calcined powders were examined by X-ray diffraction. The microstructure of the calcined powders and sintered bodies was observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).The piezoelectric constant d33 was measured using a quasi-static piezoelectric d33 meter. The planar coupling coefficient Kp was calculated by resonance-antiresonance method. The experimental data for each sample's performance indicators were the average values of 8 specimens. The relative densities of sintered specimens are above 97%, and the dielectric loss is below 0.03. It was found that (K0.47Na0.47Li0.06)NbO3 prepared by MSS is compact and lead-free. The piezoelectric constant d33 is 216 pC·N-1 and the planar electromechanical coupling factor Kp is 0.352.

Structure-Activity Relationships in the Chelation Activity by Derivatives of 1,2-Dithiole-3-Thiones

The structure and electronic properties of a series of biologically active dithiolethiones （1） have been calculated using semi-empirical. Multi-linear regression analysis suggests that there is a reasonable correlation between the experimental activity of the derivatives against chelation activity and calculated properties such as the HOMO energies, molar refractivity, dipole moments and experimental partition coefficient. From the derived QSAR equations the 3-Methylthio-4p-Tolyle-1,2-Dithiolylium accompanying ion （CH3SO4） and 4-para-tolyl-1,2-dithiole-3-thione （2b and 2） are predicted to show the highest activity against chelation activity, while 3-Methylthio-5p-methoxy phenyl-1,2-Dithiolylium accompanying ion （I-） （3a） is predicted to be the least active in line with the experimental results.