财权与事权不统一是现行乡财政体制的主要弊端

现行的乡财政体制管理范围时放时收,客观上造成了乡财政的不稳定性。由于“条块”分割的行政管理体制,乡政府对部分市级部门下设机构没有管理权,部分下设机构财权没有相应下放,主管部门集中在市一级管理,乡财政支出纷纷上划,比例逐步增大。据初步统计,目前乡财政支出中的70％以上由市管理,乡财政管理范围逐步缩小,

Dimension-down iterative algorithm for the mixed transportation network design problem

An optimal dimension-down iterative algorithm （DDIA） is proposed for solving a mixed （continuous/ discrete） transportation network design problem （MNDP）, which is generally expressed as a mathematical programming with equilibrium constraints （MPEC）. The upper level of the MNDP aims to optimize the network performance via both the expansion of existing links and the addition of new candidate links, whereas the lower level is a traditional Wardrop user equilibrium （UE） model. The idea of the proposed DDIA is to reduce the dimensions of the problem. A group of variables （discrete/continuous） are fixed to altemately optimize another group of variables （continuous/discrete）. Some continuous network design problems （CNDPs） and discrete network design problems （DNDPs） are solved repeatedly until the optimal solution is obtained. A numerical example is given to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.

COMPENSATION CONTROL OF REAL-TIME UNBALANCE FORCE FOR ACTIVE MAGNETIC BEARING SYSTEM

Aiming at the stability and others properties of active magnetic bearing （AMB） system influenced by the periodic unbalance stimulation synchronous with rotor rotational speed, a new real-time adaptive feed-forward unbalance force compensation scheme is proposed based on variable step-size least mean square（LMS） algorithm as the feed-forward compensation controller. The controller can provide some suitable sinusoidal signals to com- pensate the feedback unbalance response signals synchronous with the rotary frequency, then reduce the fluctua- tion of the control currents and weaken the active control of AMB system. The variable step-size proportional to the rotational frequency is deduced by analyzing the principle of normal LMS algorithm and its deficiency in the application of real-time filtering of AMB system. Experimental results show that the new method can implement real-time unbalance force compensation in a wide frequency band, reduce the effect of unbalance stimulant force on the housing of AMB system, and provide convenience to improve rotational speed.

Science Letters:Dual structure of composite right/left-handed transmission line

A dual structure of composite right/left handed (CRLH) transmission line (TL) is analyzed in which an inductance LR is in parallel with a capacitance CL and a shunt capacitance CR is in series with an inductance LL. Both the distributed and lumped cases are considered. The dispersion diagram and transmission properties of the dual CRLH TL are given and compared with those of a standard CRLH TL. Contrary to the frequency response of a standard CRLH TL, a dual CRLH TL has a left-handed (negative phase shift) band at higher frequencies and a right-handed (positive phase shift) band at lower frequencies. A novel dual-band balun is presented as an application.

Bi-level hybrid local search approach for three-dimensional loading problem with balancing constraints

This paper presents a bi-level hybrid local search(BHLS)algorithm for the three-dimensional loading problem with balancing constraints(3DLP-B),where several rectangular boxes with even densities but different sizes are loaded into a single cubic bin to meet the requirements of the space or capacity utilization and the balance of the center of gravity.The proposed algorithm hybridizes a novel framed-layout procedure in which the concept of the core block and its generation strategy are introduced.Once the block-loading sequence has been determined,we can load one block at a time by the designed construction heuristic.Then,the double-search is introduced;its external search procedure generates a list of compact packing patterns while its internal search procedure is used to search the core-block frames and their best distribution locations.The approach is extensively tested on weakly to strongly heterogeneous benchmark data.The results show that it has better performance in improving space utilization rate and balanced condition of the placement than existed techniques:the overall averages from 79.85%to 86.45%were obtained for the balanced cases and relatively high space-usage rate of 89.44%was achieved for the unbalanced ones.

Area-Efficient Low Power CMOS Image Sensor Readout Circuit with Fixed Pattern Noise Cancellation

A low cost of die area and power consumption CMOS image sensor readout circuit with fixed pattern noise(FPN) cancellation is proposed.By using only one coupling capacitor and switch in the double FPN cancelling correlative double sampling(CDS),pixel FPN is cancelled and column FPN is stored and eliminated by the sampleand-hold operation of digitally programmable gain amplifier(DPGA).The bandwidth balance technology based on operational amplifier(op-amp) sharing is also introduced to decrease the power dissi...

Absolute geostrophic currents in global tropical oceans

A set of absolute geostrophic current(AGC) data for the period January 2004 to December 2012 are calculated using the P-vector method based on monthly gridded Argo profi les in the world tropical oceans. The AGCs agree well with altimeter geostrophic currents, Ocean Surface Current Analysis-Real time currents, and moored current-meter measurements at 10-m depth, based on which the classical Sverdrup circulation theory is evaluated. Calculations have shown that errors of wind stress calculation, AGC transport, and depth ranges of vertical integration cannot explain non-Sverdrup transport, which is mainly in the subtropical western ocean basins and equatorial currents near the Equator in each ocean basin(except the North Indian Ocean, where the circulation is dominated by monsoons). The identifi ed nonSverdrup transport is thereby robust and attributed to the joint effect of baroclinicity and relief of the bottom(JEBAR) and mesoscale eddy nonlinearity.

Prediction of Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data from C—H Band Shift of IR Spectra in Some Binary Systems

Prediction of vapor-liquid equilibrium （VLE） is extremely necessary to separate liquid mixture in chemical production, especially when the required experimental data are difficult to measure, or the measurement is not economical. The infinite dilution activities can be used to predict VLE. However, it needs both the ends of the activities that are difficult to obtain for many systems. In the present study, a new model is proposed for correlating the frequency shift of C-H stretching band of IR spectra over the whole concentration. Investigated mixtures in- clude water/2-propanol, water/N, N-dimethylformamide （DMF）, water/methanol, water/ethanol, water/1, 4-dioxane, and water/dimethylsulfoxide （DMSO） systems. Simultaneous correlations of C--H frequency shift and VLE data are made. Furthermore, the VLE data were predicted with satisfactory results by the parameters obtained from IR spectra coupled with one ot the intinite chlution activity coefficients.

A THEORETICAL STUDY ON THE MULTIPLE EQUILIBRIA OF TROPICAL ATMOSPHERE AND THEIR RELATION TO THE ONSET OF THE SUMMER MONSOON

Multiple equilibria and their stability in tropical atmosphere are investigated through β-plane barotropic models with consideration of heating and dissipation. We have derived the solutions of the model equations corresponding to the multiple equilibria or the steady flows first, and then establish the criteria for the stability of steady flow by use of the Liapunov direct Method. When these criteria are applied to the solutions of equilibria obtained, stable flows, which are closely related to the different patterns of quasi-stationary circulation in the tropical region, are lbund. The configurations of these stable flows and the shift between two of them as season changes provide quite reasonable explanations to many fundarnental problems of tropical circulation features such as the catastrophe mechanism of the onset and the break-active cycle of the Asian summer monsoon. It fbllows that the onset or the abrupt transition of the Asian summer monsoon could be attributed to the multiple equilibrium property of the tropical circulation resulted from the advcetive nonlinearity, which provide another explanation among others.

Optimum Calculation of Partial Transmission Ratios of Mechanical Driven Systems Using a V-belt and a Two-Step Bevel Helical Gearbox

This paper introduces a new study on the optimum calculation of partial transmission ratios of mechanical drive system using a V-belt and two-step bevel helical gearbox for getting minimum size of the system. In the paper, based on moment equilibrium condition of a mechanic system including V-belt and a two-gear-unit of the gearbox, models for optimum calculation of the partial ratios of the V-belt and the gearbox were proposed. As the models are explicit, the partial ratios can be calculated accurately and simply.

The ＂Silk Road Economic Belt＂ and the ＂China Dream＂ Relationship： A Strategy or Tactic

The ＂Silk Road Economic Belt＂ and the ＂China Dream＂ are tightly linked together rather than isolated from each other. The essence of the construction of the ＂Silk Road Economic Belt＂ is to give equal considerations to both the East and the West, paying equal attentions to the North and the South, while balancing the land and the sea and connecting domestic with foreign. This is the innovation and priority of China＇s peripheral diplomacy as well as a strategic support and tactical guarantee of the ＂China Dream＂. The ＂Silk Road Economic Belt＂ is constructed to make history serve reality; it exchanges economy for politics, space on land for time at sea, and balances a weakness in sea power with superiority in land power. Instead of simply replicating the Silk Road, the ＂Silk Road Economic Belt＂ possesses a broader realm and a richer context. Moreover, this is China＇s ultimate strategy and profound tactical conception facing toward the future.

PERFORMANCE OF THREE STAGE TURBO-EQUALIZATION-DECODING

An increasing demand for high data rate transmission and protection over bandlimited channels with severe inter-symbol interference has resulted in a flurry of activity to improve channel equalization, In conjunction with equalization, channel coding-decoding can be employed to improve system performance. In this letter, the performance of the three stage turbo-equalization-decoding employing log maximum a posteriori probability is experimentally evaluated by a fading simulator. The BER is evaluated using various information sequence and interleaver sizes taking into account that the communication medium is a noisy inter symbol interference channel.

The Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov states in s and d-wave superconductor with spin-dependent bandwidth imbalance on square lattice

We study numerically the phase diagram for s and d-wave fermionic superftuidity/superconductivity with spin-dependent band- width imbalance on a two-dimensional square-lattice. We also investigate the spontaneous space symmetry breaking states at low temperatures by solving the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations. It is found that, the spatial configuration of the order parameter, both the uni-directional Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov （FFLO） states and the two-dimensional FFLO state may show up in the presence of finite spin-dependent bandwidth imbalance. Moreover, we calculate the spectra of local density of states, and the experimental proposals of observing such FFLO states are therefore suggested.

Experimental study of balanced optical homodyne and heterodyne detection by controlling sideband modulation

We experimentally study optical homodyne and heterodyne detections with the same setup, which is flexible to manipulate the signal sideband modulation. When the modulation only generates a single signal sideband, the light field measurement by mixing the single sideband at ω0 ±? with a strong local oscillator at the carrier frequency ω0on a beam splitter becomes balanced heterodyne detection. When two signal sidebands at ω0 ±? are generated and the relative phase of the two sidebands is locked, this measurement corresponds to optical balanced homodyne detection. With this setup, we may confirm directly that the signal-to-noise ratio with heterodyne detection is two-fold worse than that with homodyne detection. This work will have important applications in quantum state measurement and quantum information.