初中历史课标中的不足与补正分析——以2011版课标中世界现代史为例

本文对《2011年版初中历史课程标准》中世界现代史部分进行解读，指出其中的三点不足：一是文化游离于政治、经济线索之外，缺少文学艺术；二是美国在现代史中地位不可忽略，而二战后缺乏对美国的介绍；三是课标以时序建构教学体系，以致逻辑有些混乱，针对这三点不足提出在编写教材时应适当补充，对知识重新整合，以弥补课标中的不足，更好地诠释世界现代史的重要进程，方便教与学。

依“标”靠“本”提“素养”——谈高三数学模拟考后如何总结反思

在高三复习备考过程中,训练有素的模拟考非常重要和关键.如何高效利用模拟考,让它成为进步的阶梯,笔者从高考模拟试题特点、做好模考分析,对标补弱提能力等不同角度进行阐述.

古汉语中的标补词“夫”初探

文章对古汉语中位于句首和句中而没有任何实义的"夫"的语法功能重新进行了解释,认为它实际上是用来引导名词性小句(主语/话题小句和宾语小句)的标补词。文章对标补词"夫"的历史来源及产生机制做了初步探讨,主要结论是:标补词"夫"来源于位于句首的[夫定冠词+N]中的"夫"的功能扩展,当它演变为引导主语小句的标补词以后,又扩展到了宾语小句的位置上。在产生机制上,古汉语中的标补词"夫"与英语中的标补词that不同:前者主要来自定冠词"夫"的功能类推,而后者主要来自称代性指示代词的重新分析。

准标补词“他”的演变研究

从晚唐五代起,第三人称代词"他"在与名词构成的同位结构中获得了预指功能。当"他+N"同位结构后接谓语且N为通指名词时,"他"由预指N重新分析为预指整个小句,获得了引导宾语小句的准标补词功能。与典型的标补词相比,"他"的句法功能受限。在"他"演化过程中,篇章语用策略和信息结构的完形认知是语法化的重要机制和基本动因。"他"从第三人称代词演化为宾语小句标补词,在词汇来源和句法环境两方面都具有跨语言共性。

生成语法理论框架下英美句法比较分析——动词形式和定语从句

就理论语言学界而言,英美两式英语在句法学和句法形态学上是否存在着差异一直是语言学界讨论和研究的热点,本文运用乔姆思基(1995)的生成语法理论对英美句法中的动词形式和定语从句生成结构机制进行比较和分析,从而来阐述英美两式英语在句法结构和词汇形态上存在的本质不同和区别。

小学数学课堂采用“七步教学模式”后的感悟

在全面推进素质教育的进程中,学生的主体地位越来越受到人们的普遍重视。在这一形势下,笔者对当前的教学模式进行了改革与深化,在小学数学课堂中践行了"七步教学模式",并取得了一些成效,在此撰文以飨同仁。

Comparison of early enteral nutrition in severe acute pancreatitis with prebiotic fiber supplementation versus standard enteral solution:A prospective randomized double-blind study

AIM: To compare the benefi cial effects of early enteral nutrition (EN) with prebiotic fiber supplementation in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (AP).METHODS: Thirty consecutive patients with severe AP, who required stoppage of oral feeding for 48 h, were randomly assigned to nasojejunal EN with or without prebiotics. APACHE Ⅱ score, Balthazar’s CT score and CRP were assessed daily during the study period.RESULTS: The median duration of hospital stay was shorter in the study group [10 ± 4 (8-14) d vs 15 ± 6 (7-26) d] (P < 0.05). The median value of days in intensive care unit was also similar in both groups [6 ± 2 (5-8) d vs 6 ± 2 (5-7) d]. The median duration of EN was 8 ± 4 (6-12) d vs 10 ± 4 (6-13) d in the study and control groups, respectively (P > 0.05). Deaths occurred in 6 patients (20%), 2 in the study group and 4 in the control group. The mean duration of APACHE Ⅱ normalization (APACHE Ⅱ score < 8) was shorter in the study group than in the control group (4 ± 2 d vs 6.5 ± 3 d, P < 0.05). The mean duration of CRP normalization was also shorter in the study group than in the control group (7 ± 2 d vs 10 ± 3 d, P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Nasojejunal EN with prebiotic fiber supplementation in severe AP improves hospital stay, duration nutrition therapy, acute phase response and overall complications compared to standard EN therapy.

RESEARCH ON MOTION COMPENSATION FOR HIGH RESOLUTION PROFILE OF EXTENDED TARGET FOR STEPPED CHIRP RADAR AND DSP IMPLEMENTATION

A discrete model is set up for High Resolution Range Profile (HRRP) of an extended target and the model of echo from an extended target for a Stepped Chirp Radar (SCR) is proposed. The effect of target motion on a range profile is thoroughly analyzed, and based on which precision re- quirement is developed for motion compensation. By studying the time domain correlation and the rule based on the least burst error, a motion compensation algorithm which satisfies the project requirement is presented, and the cyber-emulation confirms the conclusion. At last the processor is designed by using DSP devices to realize motion compensation and target recognition.

8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine:Not mere biomarker for oxidative stress,but remedy for oxidative stress-implicated gastrointestinal diseases

Reactive oxygen species （ROS） attack guanine bases in DNA easily and form 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine （8-OHdG）, which can bind to thymidine rather than cytosine, based on which, the level of 8-OHdG is gen- erally regarded as a biomarker of mutagenesis conse- quent to oxidative stress. For example, higher levels of 8-OHdG are noted in Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic atrophic gastritis as well as gastric cancer. However, we have found that exogenous 8-OHdG can paradoxically reduce ROS production, attenuate the nuclear factor-KB signaling pathway, and ameliorate the expression of proinflammatory mediators such as interleukin （IL）-I, IL-6, cyclo-oxygenase-2, and induc- ible nitric oxide synthase in addition to expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase （NOX）-I, NOX organizer-1 and NOX activator-1 in vari- ous conditions of inflammation-based gastrointestinal （GI） diseases including gastritis, inflammatory bowel disease, pancreatitis, and even colitis-associated carci- nogenesis. Our recent finding that exogenous 8-OHdG was very effective in either inflammation-based or oxidative-stress-associated diseases of stress-related mucosal damage has inspired the hope that synthetic 8-OHdG can be a potential candidate for the treatment of inflammation-based GI diseases, as well as the pre- vention of inflammation-associated GI cancer. In this editorial review, the novel fact that exogenous 8-OHdG can be a functional molecule regulating oxidative- stress-induced gastritis through either antagonizing Rac-guanosine triphosphate binding or blocking the signals responsible for gastric inflammatory cascade is introduced.

Tri-party deep network representation learning using inductive matrix completion

Most existing network representation learning algorithms focus on network structures for learning.However,network structure is only one kind of view and feature for various networks,and it cannot fully reflect all characteristics of networks.In fact,network vertices usually contain rich text information,which can be well utilized to learn text-enhanced network representations.Meanwhile,Matrix-Forest Index(MFI)has shown its high effectiveness and stability in link prediction tasks compared with other algorithms of link prediction.Both MFI and Inductive Matrix Completion(IMC)are not well applied with algorithmic frameworks of typical representation learning methods.Therefore,we proposed a novel semi-supervised algorithm,tri-party deep network representation learning using inductive matrix completion(TDNR).Based on inductive matrix completion algorithm,TDNR incorporates text features,the link certainty degrees of existing edges and the future link probabilities of non-existing edges into network representations.The experimental results demonstrated that TFNR outperforms other baselines on three real-world datasets.The visualizations of TDNR show that proposed algorithm is more discriminative than other unsupervised approaches.

Urban-rural Unification of Standard of Special Subsidy for Families Practicing Family Planning

According to news from the website of National Health and Family Planning Commission（NHFPC）on April 17,Ministry of Finance and NHFPC recently issued Opinions on Further Improving the Input Mechanism in Family Planning,

道宣撰述《四分律删繁补阙行事钞．标宗显德篇第一》

夫律海冲深，津通万象。虽包含无外，而不宿死尸；腾岳波云，而潮不过限。故凡厕豫玄门者，克须清禁，无容于非；沐心道水者，慕存出要，无染于世。故能德益于时，迹超尘网，良由非法无以光其仪，非道无以显其德。而浇末浅识庸见之流，虽名参缁服，学非经远，行不依律，何善之有？

Discourse Marker Na(那)as an Interpersonal-Level Compensatory Strategy in Clinical Interviews

Discourse markers(DMs) are characterized by multifunctionality in different contexts.This study addressed the use of the Chinese DM,na(那),as a solution to topical divergence,during clinical interactions with right-hemisphere-damaged(RHD) patients.Drawing on data collected from clinical interviews between psychotherapists and RHD patients,this study examined the functions of na in response to RHD topical divergence,focusing on the topic and attitudinal aspects.It was found that na was mainly employed by psychotherapists to mark a reproffer of interview topics(i.e.,an attempt to return to earlier topics),and a display of disalignment and disaffiliation with RHD topical divergence.These functions of na reflect the psychotherapists’ attempts to overcome communicative problems arising from RHD topical divergence,so as to ensure the achievement of the communicative goal.Thus,na can be interpreted as a compensatory strategy for dealing with RHD topical divergence on an interpersonal level.These findings not only expand our knowledge about the function spectrum of na,but also offer insights for RHD patients’ interlocutors to enhance conversational communication with RHD patients via the compensatory strategy.

REAL EXTENDED SCENE AND MOVING TARGET MULTI-CHANNEL SAR RAW SIGNAL SIMULATION

A real extended scene and moving targets multi-channel Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) raw signal simulator accounting for Inertial Navigation System(INS) errors and antenna patterns is presented in this paper. INS errors are obtained by solving INS error differential equations with Runge-Kutta method. A high resolution SAR image is used to estimate the complex reflectance of real extended scene. Extended scene and moving target are simulated separately and then are superposed in time domain. The simulated multi-channel SAR data can be used for development of multi-channel SAR Ground Moving Target Indication(SAR-GMTI) and also can be used for development of SAR motion compensation.

Investigation of Dispersion Compensation in 2.5 Gbit/s OOK Label and 40 Gbit/s RZ-DPSK Payload Optical Label Switching System Based on Optical Carrier Suppression and Separation

Three dispersion compensation schemes of an optical label switching transmission system were investigated, which employs 40 Gbit/s return zero differential phase-shift keying（RZ-DPSK） payload labeled with 2.5 Gbit/s on-off keying（OOK） signal based on the optical carrier suppression and separation（OCSS） techniq ue, In the system, proposed are the receiver sensi ti vity oS payload and label, achieving -- 32. 4 dBm and --38.5 dBm, respectively. Using the optimal dispersion compensation scheme, after transmitted over 160 km and 320 km SMF respectively, the label can be recovered without power penalty, while the payload can be recovered with less than 2 dB and 5 dB penalty, respectively.

Fair value accounting under financial crisis

The recent financial crisis has led to a vigorous debate about the pros and cons of fair-value accounting （FVA）. This debate presents a major challenge for FVA going forward and standard setters＇ push to extend FVA into other areas. In this article, we highlight three important issues as an attempt to make sense of the debate. First, much of the controversy results from confusion about what is new and different about FVA. Second, while there are legitimate concerns about marking to market （or pure FVA） in times of financial crisis, it is less clear that these problems apply to FVA as stipulated by the accounting standards, be it IFRS or U.S. GAAP. Third, historical cost accounting （HCA） is unlikely to be the remedy. There are a number of concerns about HCA as well and these problems could be larger than those with FVA.

Optimization of Operational Parameters in a Three Phase AC / DC Reactive Power Compensator

AC / DC converter is a kind of devices applicable to reactive power compensation. Three parameters including losses, Total Harmonic Distortion （THD） and compensation capacity have important role in designing procedure that these parameters are affected by the firing angle. Consideration trade of between these parameters can cause be selected suitable firing angle for optimal working of the compensator. In this paper is defined an objective function which includes the above parameters. This objective function is optimized through appropriate weighting factor for any parameters and the optimal firing angle will be obtained. So, the mention parameters can be selected optimally.

A stepwise camera calibration method incorporating compensation for eccentricity error

In visual measurement,high-precision camera calibration often employs circular targets.To address issues in mainstream methods,such as the eccentricity error of the circle from using the circle’s center for calibration,overfitting or local minimum from fullparameter optimization,and calibration errors due to neglecting the center of distortion,a stepwise camera calibration method incorporating compensation for eccentricity error was proposed to enhance monocular camera calibration precision.Initially,the multiimage distortion correction method calculated the common center of distortion and coefficients,improving precision,stability,and efficiency compared to single-image distortion correction methods.Subsequently,the projection point of the circle’s center was compared with the center of the contour’s projection to iteratively correct the eccentricity error,leading to more precise and stable calibration.Finally,nonlinear optimization refined the calibration parameters to minimize reprojection error and boosts precision.These processes achieved stepwise camera calibration,which enhanced robustness.In addition,the module comparison experiment showed that both the eccentricity error compensation and the camera parameter optimization could improve the calibration precision,but the latter had a greater impact.The combined use of the two methods further improved the precision and stability.Simulations and experiments confirmed that the proposed method achieved high precision,stability,and robustness,suitable for high-precision visual measurements.

Calculation of Ecological Compensation Standards for the Kuancheng Traditional Chestnut Cultivation System

Kuancheng Traditional Chestnut Cultivation System is located in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Water Containment Function Area.The Traditional Chestnut Cultivation System is characterized by agroforestry compound,and some studies have shown that the compound planting of chestnut has better ecological benefits than the single chestnut planting mode.However,most of the local farmers in Kuancheng are mainly engaged in single chestnut cultivation.Through ecological compensation,farmers are being encouraged to change their chestnut planting mode,which can achieve the purpose of inheriting China’s important agricultural heritage and improving the ecological benefits.This paper introduces preference coefficients to correct for opportunity costs,and through interviews and questionnaires,we obtained the input and output of the single chestnut cultivation,chestnut-maitake,chestnut-millet,and chestnut-chicken and the income of laborers working outside the home in the Kuancheng area.Through analysis and calculation,we obtained the following results:(1)Although the net income of the three chestnut composite modes is higher,their economic input is higher than that of a single chestnut planting mode,and the return on unit investment is lower.(2)The average income of young and middle-aged workers who work outside is higher than that of the local farming industry,so the local chestnut agroforestry plantation has a higher opportunity cost.(3)The final calculation shows that the chestnut-chicken agroforestry operation mode needs no compensation,the chestnut-maitake plantation mode is compensated at least 1608.5 USD ha^(-1) yr^(-1),and the minimum compensation for the chestnut-millet plantation mode is 198.3 USD ha^(-1) yr^(-1),which can guarantee that farmers receive the full value of their creations.Ultimately,farmers are incentivized to revive the traditional agroforestry production mode to achieve both economic and ecological benefits while inheriting agricultural heritage.

Homogenization Theory for a Replenishing Passive Scalar Field

Homogenization theory provides a rigorous framework for calculating the effective diffusivity of a decaying passive scalar field in a turbulent or complex flow.The authors extend this framework to the case where the passive scalar fluctuations are continuously replenished by a source (and/or sink).The basic structure of the homogenized equations carries over,but in some cases the homogenized source can involve a non-trivial coupling of the velocity field and the source.The authors derive expressions for the homogenized source term for various multiscale source structures and interpret them physically.