晋南半干旱地区果树渗灌补水效应研究

为了提高旱地果园水分利用效率 ,研究了渗灌和渗水管道埋深对旱地土壤含水率和苹果树生长发育的影响。在需水关键期渗水 3 0 0 m3/hm2 ,垂直下渗深度为 13 0 cm,水平渗幅可达 160 cm,其中 2 0～ 80 cm土层含水率比对照高 6.0～ 7.3个百分点。渗水管道埋深不同 ,水分在土壤中的分配模式不同 ,在 3 0～ 40 cm较合适。渗灌能明显促进果树生长发育 ,提高苹果产量和果品品质 ,而且比漫灌省水。渗灌比未渗对照增产 45 .7%～ 99.1% ,漫灌比对照增产 2 6.6%～ 10 1.6%。渗灌效应优于漫灌。

鲁中南山区樱桃渗灌补水效应与节水增产机理

探讨干旱缺水地区果树渗灌补水效应,为提高果园灌溉水资源利用率提供科学依据。通过樱桃园渗灌和漫灌两种灌水方式与不同灌水量的补水试验,对樱桃渗灌补水效应与节水增产机理进行了研究。结果表明:(1)渗灌和漫灌的土壤容重和孔隙度指标存在着明显差异,土壤容重渗灌比漫灌降低6.71%;土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度和非毛管孔隙度渗灌比漫灌分别提高11.62%,8.72%和43.84%。(2)各土层的地温渗灌均比漫灌高,且以表层差异显著,0,5,10,15,20cm土层平均地温渗灌比漫灌高1.7,1.1,0.7,0.4,0.3℃。(3)与漫灌相比,渗灌平均节水55.6%,灌溉水生产效率提高7.92～12.30kg/(m3.hm2)。(4)渗灌不同灌水量对土壤含水率的影响明显,随着渗水量的增加,各层土壤含水率随之提高,且明显高于对照,除80-110cm土层外,其他处理土壤层含水率与对照差异均显著。(5)樱桃需水关键期渗灌补水,增产效果显著,平水年份和干旱年份,每次渗水80～320m3/hm2,樱桃产量分别提高10.35%～30.72%和8.74%～34.87%。

Effects of Water Stress on Some Physiological Characteristics and Yield Compensation of Rice in Booting Stage

[Objective] The physiological characteristics and yield compensation effects of rice in booting stage were studied after water recovery when rice suffered water stress to provide references for improving rice water utilization efficiency and its drought resistance. [Method] The pot experiments with five rice varieties under three different treatments of water stresses were conducted to study physical signs every six days after water water-recovery. [Result] Along with the increase of water recov- ery, leaf water potential, SPAD and Pn values in treatment B （light drought） in- creased fast, and its compensation effect of the soluble sugar content was higher than that of treatment C （severe drought）; all sap flow speeds in treatments with water stresses fell. As for yield components, panicles per plant and spikelets per panicle decreased with water stress degree, and the decline of spikelets per pani- cle, in particular, was greatly influenced by water stress. Seed setting percentages in treatment B most reached peaks of different varieties, except of D you No. 363. The thousand-seed weight and ear weight per plant in treatment B and C both dropped, compared with control group. [Conclusion] When regular management was resumed after rice underwent water stress at booting stage, many characteristics and yield traits of rice got favorable compensation effects in the light water-stress treatments.