The Fe, Zn, Mn and Pb concentrations in the seawater dissolved phase were investigated in the sea-surface microlayer （SML）, subsurface water （SSW） and bottom water （BW） samples collected at of three mariculture ...The Fe, Zn, Mn and Pb concentrations in the seawater dissolved phase were investigated in the sea-surface microlayer （SML）, subsurface water （SSW） and bottom water （BW） samples collected at of three mariculture areas of the Nanao Island ocean zone. The results showed that the SML and the BW were important compartments for these heavy metals in the mariculture areas and the concentrations varied from 23.0 μg/L to 268.0 μg/L（Fe）, 11.0 μg/L to 82.2 μg/L（Zn）, 1.5 μg/L to 11.0 μg/L（Mn） and 6.0 μg/L to 40.5 μg/L（Pb） in SSW, while a clear enrichment is observed in the SML, where these ranged from 27.5 μg/L to 286.5 μg/L（Fe）, 13.5/lg/L to 89.0μg/L（Zn）, 3.0μg/L to 12.0 μg/L（Mn） and 7.0 μg/L to 46.0μg/L（Pb）. The enrichment factors were in the range of 1.07 - 1.39 which showed a slight enrichment. The average enrichment factors of Fe, Zn, Pb and Mn were 1.18, 1.13, 1.12 and 1.30, respectively. The average enrichment factors in shellfish, fish and gracilaria lemaneaformis farming areas were 1.26, 1.19 and 1.11, respectively, which showed that the surface activity was highest in the shellfish farming area. Furthermore, the heavy metals concentrations were lowest in the gracUaria lemaneaformis farming area. The results of single factor contamination index showed that the investigated areas were slightly contaminated with Zn, while the partial farming areas were seriously contaminated with Pd during a certain period of time.展开更多
The stochastic simulation method, based on the concept of control window and the numerical solution of the Langevin equation, is applied to solve the deposition problem of particles from the flowing suspensions onto a...The stochastic simulation method, based on the concept of control window and the numerical solution of the Langevin equation, is applied to solve the deposition problem of particles from the flowing suspensions onto a fiber collector. Using the Kuwabara model to characterize the flow field, the effects of Stokes number, interception parameter, packing density, particle size distribution on the collection efficioncy, and the deposition morphology of particles onto a collector are i examined. The morphology of deposit obtained in the simulated results agrees Well with experimental observations. The estimation of the initial coUection efficiency through the simulations considers that the deposited particles are in good agreement with published experimental data. In addition, the collection efficiency of particles increases in a wider particle size distribution region.展开更多
Corresponding to optical Fresnel diffraction, we show that the exponential quadratic operator exp is actually a generalized single-mode Fresnel operator （GFO） in compact form, where [Q,P]=ih. We also demonstrate tha...Corresponding to optical Fresnel diffraction, we show that the exponential quadratic operator exp is actually a generalized single-mode Fresnel operator （GFO） in compact form, where [Q,P]=ih. We also demonstrate that exp{iα[（Q1＋Q2）2＋（p1-P2）2]＋iβ[（Q1-Q2）2＋（p1＋p2）2]＋iy（Q1P2＋Q2P1）} is a two-mode GFO. Their disentangling formula and normal ordering form are derived with the use of technique of integration within an ordered product （IWOP） of operators and the coherent state representation. The squeezed states generated by these two GFOs are obtained.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40673062)
文摘The Fe, Zn, Mn and Pb concentrations in the seawater dissolved phase were investigated in the sea-surface microlayer （SML）, subsurface water （SSW） and bottom water （BW） samples collected at of three mariculture areas of the Nanao Island ocean zone. The results showed that the SML and the BW were important compartments for these heavy metals in the mariculture areas and the concentrations varied from 23.0 μg/L to 268.0 μg/L（Fe）, 11.0 μg/L to 82.2 μg/L（Zn）, 1.5 μg/L to 11.0 μg/L（Mn） and 6.0 μg/L to 40.5 μg/L（Pb） in SSW, while a clear enrichment is observed in the SML, where these ranged from 27.5 μg/L to 286.5 μg/L（Fe）, 13.5/lg/L to 89.0μg/L（Zn）, 3.0μg/L to 12.0 μg/L（Mn） and 7.0 μg/L to 46.0μg/L（Pb）. The enrichment factors were in the range of 1.07 - 1.39 which showed a slight enrichment. The average enrichment factors of Fe, Zn, Pb and Mn were 1.18, 1.13, 1.12 and 1.30, respectively. The average enrichment factors in shellfish, fish and gracilaria lemaneaformis farming areas were 1.26, 1.19 and 1.11, respectively, which showed that the surface activity was highest in the shellfish farming area. Furthermore, the heavy metals concentrations were lowest in the gracUaria lemaneaformis farming area. The results of single factor contamination index showed that the investigated areas were slightly contaminated with Zn, while the partial farming areas were seriously contaminated with Pd during a certain period of time.
基金Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project,China(No.B604)
文摘The stochastic simulation method, based on the concept of control window and the numerical solution of the Langevin equation, is applied to solve the deposition problem of particles from the flowing suspensions onto a fiber collector. Using the Kuwabara model to characterize the flow field, the effects of Stokes number, interception parameter, packing density, particle size distribution on the collection efficioncy, and the deposition morphology of particles onto a collector are i examined. The morphology of deposit obtained in the simulated results agrees Well with experimental observations. The estimation of the initial coUection efficiency through the simulations considers that the deposited particles are in good agreement with published experimental data. In addition, the collection efficiency of particles increases in a wider particle size distribution region.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China (Grant No. Y2008A16)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education China (Grant No.20103705110001)
文摘Corresponding to optical Fresnel diffraction, we show that the exponential quadratic operator exp is actually a generalized single-mode Fresnel operator （GFO） in compact form, where [Q,P]=ih. We also demonstrate that exp{iα[（Q1＋Q2）2＋（p1-P2）2]＋iβ[（Q1-Q2）2＋（p1＋p2）2]＋iy（Q1P2＋Q2P1）} is a two-mode GFO. Their disentangling formula and normal ordering form are derived with the use of technique of integration within an ordered product （IWOP） of operators and the coherent state representation. The squeezed states generated by these two GFOs are obtained.
