Clay minerals of surface sediments in the South China Sea （SCS） are analyzed with X-ray diffraction, and their transport is explored with a grain size trend analysis （GSTA） model. Results show that clay mineral ty...Clay minerals of surface sediments in the South China Sea （SCS） are analyzed with X-ray diffraction, and their transport is explored with a grain size trend analysis （GSTA） model. Results show that clay mineral types in various sedimentary environments have different sediment sources and transport routes. Sediments in the northern SCS （north of 20°N） between the southwest of Taiwan Island and the outer mouth of the Pearl River have high contents of illite and chlorite, which are derived mainly from sediments on Taiwan Island and/or the Yangtze River. Sediments from the Pearl River are characterized by high kaolinite and low smectite content, and most are distributed in the area between the mouth of the Pearl River and northeast of Hainan Island and transported vertically from the continental shelf to the slope. Characterized by high illite content, sediments from Kalimantan Island are transported toward the Nansha Trough. Sediments from Luzon Island are related with volcanic materials, and are transported westwards according to smectite distribution. On the Sunda Shelf, sediments from the Mekong River are transported southeast in the north while sediments from the Indonesian islands are transported northward in the south. Ascertaining surface sediment sources and their transport routes will not only improve understanding of modem transportation and depositional processes, but also aid paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic analysis of the SCS.展开更多
Utilizing experimental data of the atmospheric surface layer in the Gobi Oasis of Jinta in a comparative study, we demonstrate that under the condition of unstable stratification, the normalization variances of temper...Utilizing experimental data of the atmospheric surface layer in the Gobi Oasis of Jinta in a comparative study, we demonstrate that under the condition of unstable stratification, the normalization variances of temperature in the oasis and Gobi Desert meetφs （z∧）= φθ（Z/∧） =αθ（-Z/ ∧）-1/3 while normalization variances of both humidity and CO2 in the oasis meet φ（Z/∧）= αs （1 - βs z /∧）-1/3 ; the normalization variance of temperature in the oasis is large due to disturbance by advection, whereas variance of CO2 in the Gobi Desert has certain degree of deviation relative to Monin-Obukhov （M-O） scaling, and humidity variance completely deviates from variance M-O scaling. The above result indicates that under the condition of advection, hu-midity variance meets the relation δ2 sm=D2 δ2SA ＋ δ2SB and it is determined by relative magnitude of scalar variance of ad- midity variance meets the relation δsm = D2δsA ＋ δsB vection transport. Our study reveals that, if the scalar variance of humidity or CO2 transported by advection is much larger than local scalar variance, observation value of scalar variance will deviate from M-O scaling; when scalar variance of advection transport is close to or less than local scalar variance, the observation value of scalar variance approximately meets M-O scal- ing.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40631007)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, Nos. 2007CB819505, 2009CB219502)+3 种基金the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2006BAB19B03)the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nos. SQ200713 and LYQY200704)the Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. MSGL08-16)the Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. MGE2008KG08)
文摘Clay minerals of surface sediments in the South China Sea （SCS） are analyzed with X-ray diffraction, and their transport is explored with a grain size trend analysis （GSTA） model. Results show that clay mineral types in various sedimentary environments have different sediment sources and transport routes. Sediments in the northern SCS （north of 20°N） between the southwest of Taiwan Island and the outer mouth of the Pearl River have high contents of illite and chlorite, which are derived mainly from sediments on Taiwan Island and/or the Yangtze River. Sediments from the Pearl River are characterized by high kaolinite and low smectite content, and most are distributed in the area between the mouth of the Pearl River and northeast of Hainan Island and transported vertically from the continental shelf to the slope. Characterized by high illite content, sediments from Kalimantan Island are transported toward the Nansha Trough. Sediments from Luzon Island are related with volcanic materials, and are transported westwards according to smectite distribution. On the Sunda Shelf, sediments from the Mekong River are transported southeast in the north while sediments from the Indonesian islands are transported northward in the south. Ascertaining surface sediment sources and their transport routes will not only improve understanding of modem transportation and depositional processes, but also aid paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic analysis of the SCS.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No.2010CB951701-2)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 91025011, 41130961)the Pingliang Station of Lightning and Hail Research, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Utilizing experimental data of the atmospheric surface layer in the Gobi Oasis of Jinta in a comparative study, we demonstrate that under the condition of unstable stratification, the normalization variances of temperature in the oasis and Gobi Desert meetφs （z∧）= φθ（Z/∧） =αθ（-Z/ ∧）-1/3 while normalization variances of both humidity and CO2 in the oasis meet φ（Z/∧）= αs （1 - βs z /∧）-1/3 ; the normalization variance of temperature in the oasis is large due to disturbance by advection, whereas variance of CO2 in the Gobi Desert has certain degree of deviation relative to Monin-Obukhov （M-O） scaling, and humidity variance completely deviates from variance M-O scaling. The above result indicates that under the condition of advection, hu-midity variance meets the relation δ2 sm=D2 δ2SA ＋ δ2SB and it is determined by relative magnitude of scalar variance of ad- midity variance meets the relation δsm = D2δsA ＋ δsB vection transport. Our study reveals that, if the scalar variance of humidity or CO2 transported by advection is much larger than local scalar variance, observation value of scalar variance will deviate from M-O scaling; when scalar variance of advection transport is close to or less than local scalar variance, the observation value of scalar variance approximately meets M-O scal- ing.
