成本测算表式化方法实证分析

将医院总成本同单位成本和项目成本联系 ,以反映医院的实际成本而获得合理的定价。建立数据来源真实可靠 ,方法科学、易操作的表式结构 ,简化成本测算过程 ,可促使医疗成本测算体系更趋于完善 。

智能CAD系统的知识库设计

从工程设计的角度出发 ,提出了知识库的设计目标 ,对其组织结构和索引机制进行了形式化表达 ,研究了知识库的组织形式对推理方式的影响 ,最后讨论了知识库的开发途径 .

A FORMAL REPRESENTATION FOR FEATURE-BASED DESIGN

Feature based design has been regarded as a promising approach for CAD/CAM integration.This paper aims to establish a domain independent representation formalism for feature based design in three aspects: formal representation,design process model and design algorithm.The implementing scheme and formal description of feature taxonomy,feature operator,feature model validation and feature transformation are given in the paper.The feature based design process model suited for either sequencial or concurrent engineering is proposed and its application to product structural design and process plan design is presented. Some general design algorithms for developing feature based design system are also addressed.The proposed scheme provides a formal methodology elementary for feature based design system development and operation in a structural way.

The Effect of Baffled Surface Flow Wetlands on Water Purification

[Objective] The effect of baffled surface flow wetlands on water purification was studied in order to provide a reference for the ecological restoration of polluted river.[Method] Contents of some indexes like DO,TN,TP,NH＋4-N,CODCr,SS,SD,etc.were determined in the band baffled surface flow wetlands with total area of 7 400 m2 at JiaLu riverside.[Result] Baffled surface flow wetlands could improve the effluent quality significantly,could enhance transparency and dissolved oxygen content and also could decrease SS content.The removal rate of TN was kept at more than 73% in summer and decreased to 23% in early winter;The removal rate of TP was little influenced by temperature,and it was kept at more than 77% in summer and still kept at more than 69% in autumn and winter;The removal rate of NH＋4-N was kept at more than 83% in summer and decreased slightly in autumn and winter,but still kept at more than 75%;The removal rate of CODCr ranged from 14% to 50%.[Conclusion] Baffled surface flow wetlands could effectively improve the purification effect of surface flow wetlands,which is a feasible way for ecological restoration.

Logical-Structure Modeling for Conceptual Design

Based on the definition of a logic structure feature to relate logically functional requirements to geometric representation independent upon detailed geometric representation, this paper presents an idea of logical structure modeling for computer aided conceptual design and makes attempt to establish a representation formalism of logic structure modeling. The definition and representation of logical structure feature are given and an assembly module definition for supporting top down conceptual design is also proposed. The proposed scheme contributes to several aspects of conceptual design research, especially to provide elementarily a formal methodology for computer aided conceptual design system development and operation.

Expansion of the Actin Gene Family in Amphioxus

Actins are a small family of ubiquitous proteins that are essential cytoskeletal components and are highly conserved during evolution. Actins are usually divided into two classes, the cytoplasmic and muscle actins, which have different functional roles. Here we systematically analyzed the actin genes in the genome of the primitive chordate amphioxus （Branchiostoma floridae）. We found that amphioxus contains more than 30 actin genes, many of which are linked. Phylogenetic analysis suggests the amphioxus actin genes have clearly undergone extensive expansion through tandem duplications. The actin genes＇ structure also varies a lot, containing 2 to 7 exons. We also cloned two muscle type of actin genes from the amphioxus （B. belcheri） and compared their expression patterns during early development. The slight difference in their expression suggests functional diversification of these actin genes. Our results shed light on the evolution both of actin genes themselves and their functional roles in chordate development.

Expression patterns of transforming growth factor-beta and its receptors in gastric mucosa of patients with refractory gastric ulcer

AIM: Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays a regulatory role in tissue repair. In a previous study, we found that TGF-β and its receptors were expressed in gastric mucosa of patients with well-healed gastric ulcers, as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. To further characterize the role of TGF-β and its receptors in repairing gastric ulcers, we investigated the expression patterns of TGF-β and its receptors in gastric mucosa by in situ hybridization and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).METHODS: Seventy-four patients with endoscopically proven gastric ulcers were eligible for participation in this study. All patients had routine biopsies on initial endoscopy and were then treated for 12 wk with an H2 blocker. Repeat endoscopy was then performed. There were 8 patients with poorly healed ulcers, and biopsies were taken from the margin of the residual ulcers. These tissue samples, along with biopsy of gastric mucosa near the original ulcers from 8 randomly selected patients with well-healed ulcers were examined for TGF-β and TGF-β receptor Ⅱ mRNA by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization, as well as immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: TGF-β and TGF-β receptor Ⅱ were strongly expressed in tissues from patients with well-healed ulcers.Four of the 8 patients with poor healing had low or absent expression of TGF-β or TGF-β receptor Ⅱ mRNA. All cases positive by RT-PCR assay were confirmed by in situ hybridization as well as immunohistochemistry.CONCLUSION: It is suggested that TGF-β and its receptors are important for gastric ulcer healing. These results may have implications for further investigation of the healing process and in predicting response to therapy.

The relationship of the expressions and the clinical pathology of Skp2 and p27 in the tissues of colorectal cancer

Objective:The aim of this study was to study the expression and the clinical pathological relationship of p27 and Skp2 in the tissues of colorectal cancer,discuss the correlation between them.Methods:To determine the expressions of p27 and Skp2 among 30 cases of colorectal cancer tissue specimen and 18 cases of normal colorectal tissue samples with immunohistochemistry SP method.Results:The average positive rate of p27 among the normal colorectal tissue samples was 55.2%,which was obviously higher than that of colorectal cancer tissue samples(27.5%,P < 0.05).The correlation between the expression of p27 and the degree of differentiation of colorectal cancer;Dukes stage and lymph node metastasis were distinctly negative(P < 0.05).The average positive rate of Skp2 among the colorectal cancer tissue specimens was 9.5%,which was obviously higher than that of normal colorectal tissue samples(1.8%,P < 0.05).There was an obviously negative correlation between the expression of Skp2 and the degree of differentiation of colorectal cancer(P < 0.05),and the expression of Skp2 had no significant correlation with patients' age,sex,Dukes stage and lymph node metastasis(P > 0.05).There was an negative correlation between the expression of p27 and Skp2(r =-0.806,P < 0.01).Conclusion:The expression of Skp2 in the colorectal cancer tissues is correlative with the degradation of p27;Skp2,the oncogene of colorectal cancer,is involved in colorectal carcinogenesis,which may be the new target for the treatment of colorectal cancer.

Developmental expression amphioxus Branchiostoma pattern of calmodulin gene in belcheri tsingtauense

We investigated the developmental expression pattern of AmphiCaM in cephalochordate amphioxus （Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense）. We cultured and sampled the animals at different developmental stages （eggs and larvae）, and used in-situ hybridization and northern blotting to document the spatial and temporal changes in AmphiCaM expression. The alimentary tract dominates the development from the late neurula stage to the adult stage. AmphiCaM expression increased significantly in the alimentary tract during the late neurula stage and remained elevated in the adults. Our results indicate that AmphiCaM is involved in the differentiation of the alimentary tract in amphioxus; and furthermore, provide an insight into the change in function of CaM genes during evolution.

Expression Pattern of Peptide and Amino Acid Genes in Digestive Tract of Transporter Juvenile Turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L.)

Turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L.),a carnivorous fish species with high dietary protein requirement,was chosen to examine the expression pattern of peptide and amino acid transporter genes along its digestive tract which was divided into six segments including stomach,pyloric caeca,rectum,and three equal parts of the remainder of the intestine.The results showed that the expression of two peptide and eleven amino acid transporters genes exhibited distinct patterns.Peptide transporter 1(Pep T1) was rich in proximal intestine while peptide transporter 2(PepT2) was abundant in distal intestine.A number of neutral and cationic amino acid transporters expressed richly in whole intestine including B^0-type amino acid transporter 1(B^0AT1),L-type amino acid transporter 2(LAT2),T-type amino acid transporter 1(TAT1),proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1(PAT1),y^+L-type amino acid transporter 1(y^+LAT1),and cationic amino acid transporter 2(CAT2) while ASC amino acid transporter 2(ASCT2),sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2(SNAT2),and y^+L-type amino acid transporter 2(y^+LAT2) abundantly expressed in stomach.In addition,system b^(0,+) transporters(rBAT and b^(0,+)AT) existed richly in distal intestine.These findings comprehensively characterized the distribution of solute carrier family proteins,which revealed the relative importance of peptide and amino acid absorption through luminal membrane.Our findings are helpful to understand the mechanism of the utilization of dietary protein in fish with a short digestive tract.

Utopian Theatre and Subjectivity Reconstruction Rethinking on the Artistic Spirit of Minjian Theatre

Minjian has become an important concept in recent scholarly research. It is widely used by scholars to indicate specific social and cultural spaces existing beyond the control of state power, therefore, minjian social-cultural spaces are more often than not marginal and peripheral. In the field of performing arts, minjian theatre refers to performances produced by private theatre companies as opposed to state-run groups. These private companies or grass-root groups, without the interference of the government, produce artistic expressions that reflect current social reality to a certain extent. For a long time, the study of minjian theatre has been framed as forms of resistance against the ideology propagated by state-run theatres. Based on this paradigm, this paper, through the case analysis of Shanghai minjian theatre companies, attempts to illuminate the production mechanism and developmental process of minjian theatres. In so dong, this paper will explore the aesthetic and social-political values of minjian theatres.

Cloning and expression patterns of two Smad genes during embryonic development and shell formation of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas

Increasing evidence indicates that transforming growth factor β （TGF-β） signaling pathways play many important roles in the early development of mollusks. However, limited information is known concerning their detailed mechanisms. Here, we describe the identification, cloning and characterization of two Smad genes, the key components of TGF-β signaling pathways, from the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Sequence analysis of the two genes, designated as cgi-smad1/5/8 and cgi-smad4, revealed conserved functional characteristics. The two genes were widely expressed in embryos and larvae, suggesting multiple roles in the early development of C. gigas. The mRNA of the two genes aggregated in the D quadrant and cgi-smad4 was highly expressed on the dorsal side of the gastrula, indicating that TGF-β signaling pathways may be involved in dorsoventral patterning in C. gigas. Furthermore, high expression levels of the two genes in the shell fields of embryos at different stages suggested important roles for TGF-β signaling pathways in particular phases of shell development, including the formation of the initial shell field and the biomineralization of larval shells. The results of this study provide fundamental support for elucidating how TGF-β signaling pathways participate in the early development of bivalve mollusks, and suggest that further work is warranted to this end.

Modal recovery of sea-level variability in the South China Sea using merged altimeter data

Using 20 years （1993-2012） of merged data recorded by contemporary multi-altimeter missions, a variety of sea-level variability modes are recovered in the South China Sea employing three- dimensional harmonic extraction. In terms of the long-term variation, the South China Sea is estimated to have a rising sea-level linear trend of 5.39 mm/a over these 20 years. Among the modes extracted, the seven most statistically significant periodic or quasi-periodic modes are identified as principal modes. The geographical distributions of the magnitudes and phases of the modes are displayed. In terms of intra- annual and annual regimes, two principal modes with strict semiannual and annual periods are found, with the annual variability having the largest amplitudes among the seven modes. For interannual and decadal regimes, five principal modes at approximately 18, 21, 23, 28, and 112 months are found with the most mode- active region being to the east of Vietnam. For the phase distributions, a series of amphidromes are observed as twins, termed ＂amphidrome twins＂, comprising rotating dipole systems. The stability of periodic modes is investigated employing joint spatiotemporal analysis of latitude/longitude sections. Results show that all periodic modes are robust, revealing the richness and complexity of sea-level modes in the South China Sea.

Evolution of Arbitrary States under Fock-Darwin Hamiltonian and a Time-Dependent Electric Field

The method of path integral is employed to calculate the time evolution of the eigenstates of a charged particle under the Fock-Darwin(FD) Hamiltonian subjected to a time-dependent electric field in the plane of the system.An exact analytical expression is established for the evolution of the eigenstates.This result then provides a general solution to the time-dependent Schro¨dinger equation.

Purification and identification of simian parvovirus protein Vp2 expressed in E.coli

To purify and identify the simian parvovirus （SPV） protein Vp2 expressed in E. coli, fusion protein of SPV Vp2 was expressed in E. coli DHSα competent cells transformed with vector pThioHis AVp2, and the new bacterial protein extraction reagent was used to extract the protein. Detergents with different characteristics were used to solubilize the fusion protein, and metal chelating resin （ProBond） with a continuous elusion polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis procedure was employed to purify the fusion protein. SDS-PAGE gel stained with coomassie blue and Western-blotting probed with anti-thio and anti-SPV Vp2 antibodies were used to identify the specificity of the expressed and purified fusion proteins. It was found that the SPV Vp2 protein expressed in E. coli was highly insoluble, and could not be solublized by the commonly used detergent. However, 6 M urea could solubilize the fusion proteins and was then employed for the further purification procedure, but metal chelating resin could not be used for this procedure, because of the loss of the tertiary structure of HP-thiaoredoxin and the metal-binding domain. The technique with continuous elusion polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis yielded a homogenous protein with a single band on the gel stained with coomassie blue and retained reactivity with anti-thio or anti-SPV Vp2 antibodies. It is evident that this technique with successful purification of SPV Vp2 protein has practical significance for the further investigation on the simian parvovirus infection.

Structure,expression,and developmental function of early divergent forms of metalloproteinases in Hydra

Metalloproteinases have a critical role in a broad spectrum of cellular processesranging from the break-down of extracellular matrix to the processing of signaltransduction-related proteins.These hydrolytic functions underlie a variety of mechanisms related to developmental processes as well as disease states.Structural analysis of metalloproteinases from both invertebrate and vertebrate species indicates that these enzymes are highly conserved and arose early during metazoan evolution.In this regard,studies from vari-ous laboratories have reported that a number of classes of metalloproteinases are found in hydra,a member of Cnidaria,the second oldest of existing animal phyla.These studies demonstrate that the hydra genome contains at least three classes of metalloproteinases to include members of the 1)astacin class,2)matrix met-alloproteinase class,and 3)neprilysin class.Functional studies indicate that these metalloproteinases play diverse and important roles in hydra morphogenesis and cell differentiation as well as specialized functions in adult polyps.This article will review the structure,expression,and function of these metalloproteinases in hydra.

Preparation,Structure Characterization and Hydrodesulfurization Performance of B-Ni_2P/SBA-15/Cordierite Monolithic Catalysts

A series of B-Ni2P/SBA-15/cord monolithic catalysts were prepared by coating the slurry of the B-Ni2P/SBA-15 precursors on a pretreated cordierite support, and followed by temperature-programmed reduction in a H2 flow. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and N2 adsorption-desorption technique. The catalytic activities for the hydrodesulfurization （HDS） of dibenzothiophene （DBT） were evaluated. The results showed that Ni2P phase was present in all B-Ni2P/SBA-1 5/cord monolithic catalysts. The specific surface areas （SBET） of the B-Ni2P/SBA-15/cord monolithic catalysts was first increased to 167 m2· g-1, and then decreased to 155 m2· g-1 with the increase of boron contents. The catalytic activity also showed the similar trend with the increase of boron contents. The 1.75% （by mass） B-Ni2P/SBA-15/cord monolithic catalysts exhibited the highest DBT conversion of 98.4% at 380 ℃. The cordierite-based monolithic catalysts showed better low temperature sensitivity for HDS of DBT in comparison with the particle catalysts. Moreover, two HDS routes, direct desulfurization （DDS） and hydrogenation （HYD）, proceeded independently over B-Ni2P/SBA-15/cord monolithic catalysts and the main pathway was DDS.

Transformation of Coordinate Forms of Phosphate Ad－sorbed on Goethite Snrfaces Under Conditions of Vary－ing pH

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and automatic titrimeter were nsed to study the relation be-tween pH and the transformation of the coordinate forms of P on goethite surfaces. The results showed thatfor a given P concentration, increasing the pH of suspension could cause a fast transformation of monodentatecomplexes of phosphate ions on goethite surfaces to binuclear ones. When lowering the PH, additional adsorp-tion of P occurred and the binuclear complexes reverted slowly to the monodentate ones. The dissociationand association of protons of the sorbed P caused by PH changes was considered to be a major reason lewtingto the transformation of the coordinate forms of P on the surfaces. The stability of binuclear surface complexof P was greater than that of monodentate complex. The possible reactions on the interface of goethite andsolutions with pH changes, and the reasons causing the different stabilities of the two coordinate P complexesare discussed in the paper.

Popular Literary Tradition and the Localization of Early Chinese Films

As a new form of artistic expression, film has gone through a history of more than 100 years in China. Focusing on the aesthetic taste of the underclass, popular literary tradition, which highlights appreciation habits of the citizen stratum, is the quintessence of Chinese traditional culture. Breaking through the mode of Western films, the early Chinese film, referring to artistic elements in story-telling script, fiction, and drama in Song and Yuan Dynasties, has created new film genres of ＂unofficial historical film＂ and martial-art film which are positive results of the localization of early Chinese films. Though the unofficial historical film failed in adapting the theme of popular literature, its groundbreaking significance is still worth approving