乙型肝炎病毒感染孕妇及其新生儿血清乙肝病毒标志物表现模式分析

目的探讨乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染孕妇及其新生儿出生时乙肝病毒标志物的表现模式,为HBV母婴传播诊断和防治提供临床依据。方法于分娩前抽取肘静脉血检测1 537例HBV感染孕妇HBV标志物,并于乙肝主-被动免疫前抽取1 550例(双胎13例)新生儿股静脉血检测HBV标志物,对母婴HBV标志物表现模式进行分析。结果 1 537例孕妇有11种HBV标志物模式,"大三阳"(即HBsAg(+)、抗-HBs(-)、HBeAg(+)、抗-HBe(-)、抗-HBc(+))1 035例(67.34%),"小三阳"(即HBsAg(+)、抗-HBs(-)、HBeAg(-)、抗-HBe(+)、抗-HBc(+))389例(25.31%)。新生儿有17种HBV标志物模式,主要有HBsAg(-)、抗-HBs(-)、HBeAg(+)、抗-HBe(-)、抗-HBc(+)744例(48.00%),HBsAg(-)、抗-HBs(-)、HBeAg(-)、抗-HBe(+)、抗-HBc(+)386例(24.90%),"大三阳"188例(12.13%)。结论 HBV感染孕妇的新生儿为HBV感染高危人群,在隔离保护的同时需要进行正规全程的乙肝主-被动联合免疫,防止HBV母婴传播。

谈色调在素描造型中的多功能性

谈色调在素描造型中的多功能性李水成素描色调说来简单，就是单色画中的黑白层次，然数十年来的素描教学中色调一直被视为重要的造型因素。近些年里，素描色调似有被淡化，轻视和冷落的趋势，甚至被视为仅是对象身上的表面附加物而看得可有可无，仿佛成了素描表现的累赘。...

谈素描的用线方法

初学素描,除了掌握基本的透视知识外,如何用线造型是很重要的。这里提出的线条,是指画明暗调子的线条。 用线造型,具有丰富的表现力。一幅好的素描,其线条除了表现物体的立体感、空间感、质感外,还要具有美感。不画任何形体,只将线条组合排列,其粗细、浓淡的笔触就是一种美。用线造型可有多种手法,如粗钝、轻柔、奔放等,初学素描,该练哪一种呢? 初学书法练正楷,初学素描应从严谨的用线方法练起。初学素描的学生,容易忽视线条的表现方法。作画时,头脑中虽有“明暗”意识。

青年画家何明耀

何明耀,字明之。自幼爱好美术,中学时代即跟随金陵老画家徐道之、董伯二位先生学画,后又师从南艺博士生导师、著名美术家刘汝醴先生。于是渐通画理,眼界愈高;研习画法,技艺日进。历30年的刻苦磨炼而终于成才。 在中国画范围中,何明耀画材很广、画路很宽,能写意古今人物,能工笔翎毛花卉,而尤擅长于山水。他笔下的猫,或静卧、或扑腾、或戏蝶,皆憨态可掬、栩栩如生。在山水画方面,由于他对各种皴法都了如指掌,故从不局限于某家某派,而是根据表现物象的需要综合运用,尽力将古人的笔墨变为自己的绘画语言,终于满纸丛林巨石、山移云动、气象万千。其精品或可兼具浑厚与秀丽之美。 已届不惑之年的何明耀,具有非凡的抱负,他不会满足于已经取得的成就。我们相信,经过继续不断的努力,他一定能为金陵画坛作出更大的贡献。

从艺术欣赏中接受新闻——谈新闻速写艺术

报纸媒体是由一定范围内的文章、图片、美术、广告、版面而组成。它们在丰富的版面上以各自不同的形式发挥着自身的功能,共同构成一张报纸的完整体系,全方位地实现新闻报道的使命。 新闻美术是报纸中的一员。它以不同于文章与图片的接受方式面对读者。

Role of Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor-2 in Ovarian Tumor Migration and Invasion

Objective: To elucidate the relation between human tissue factor pathwayinhibitor-2 (TFPI-2) expression and ovarian tumor migration and invasion. Methods: Human TFPI-2expression vector pBos-Cite-neo/TFPI-2 was transfected into ovarian tumor cells line A2780- Afterthe transfected cells were selected by G418, transfected and nontransfected cells were screened forTFPI-2 mRNA and protein by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotanalysis, respectively. The number of transfected or nontransfected cells passing through membraneof Boyden chamber was counted as the basis assessing tumor cells migratory and invasive behaviors.Results: Expression of mRNA and protein of TFPI-2 was detectable in transfected cells. In invasionassay, the number of TFPI-2-expressing cells to traverse a Matrigel-coated membrane was obviouslydecreased compared with that of nonexpressing cells (59.3±6.5 vs 109.7±5.5, P 【 0.01); While inmigration assay, no significant difference through a noncoated membrane was observed amongtransfected and nontransfected cells (114.7±8.6 vs 127.3±7.1, P 】 0.05). Conclusion: Expression ofTFPI-2 may strongly inhibit the invasive ability of ovarian tumor cells in vitro, but has no effecton the migratory ability which provides an experimental basis for genotherapy of human ovariantumor.

Low gradient ascites: A seven-year course review

AIM: To study the patients with low gradient ascites in hospitals of Guilan Province (northern Iran).METHODS: Patients admitted in hospitals of Guilan Province with low gradient ascites from 1993 to 2000 were enrolled in the study. Serum and ascitic fluid albumin levels were determined by biochemical reactions. The serum-ascitic albumin gradient (SAAG) less than 1.1 g/dL was considered low. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 9.0software and P＜0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS: Of the 148 patients enrolled in the study, 72(48.6%) were males and 76 (51.4%) were females with a mean age of 59.03±13.54 years. Tuberculous peritonitis was the most frequent cause of low gradient ascites in 68 (45.9%). Other most frequent causes were cancer in 62 (41.9%), nephrotic syndrome in 9 (6%), pancreatitis in 6 (4%). Peritoneal cancer was found in 22 (35%),ovarian and gastric cancers were found in 14 (22.5%)and 12 (19.3%), respectively. All of which were the causes of ascites. The mean SAAG was 0.68±0.19 g/dL. The mean serum and ascitic fluid albumin concentrations were higher in tuberculous patients (P＜0.006), but lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level was higher in cancer patients (P＜0.0001). In peritoneal tuberculosis, mean ascitic glucose concentration was significantly lower than other patients (P＜0.0001).CONCLUSION: Tuberculosis should be considered in all patients with low gradient ascites especially in developing countries (like Iran), as the first cause of ascites. In the approach to patients with low gradient ascites, ascitic fluid glucose, and LDH level are useful indicators for decision making.

Clinical study of digital mammography,contrast-enhanced MRI as well as their combination in the diagnosis of breast cancer

Objective： To compare the effectiveness of digital mammography and MRI in the detection and diagnosis of breast cancer and to assess the value of these modalities as well as the combination of the two. Methods： Sixty-seven patients with surgery and pathology proved breast lesion （malignant, n = 32; benign, n = 46） underwent digital mammography and MRI, the pulse sequences included T1WI, T2WI, diffuse weighted imaging （DWI）, and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI before surgery. Of the results of these two modalities, all lesions were classified into 5 groups according to BI-RADS classification, and the imaging findings were correlated to histopathology. The sensitivity and specificity of each modality as well as the combination of the two were calculated. Results： Of these 78 breasts lesions, The sensitivity was 78.13%% （25/32） for digital mammography and 93.75% （30/32） for MRI （P 〉 0.05）. The specificity was 73.91%% （34/46） and 89.13% （41/46） accordingly （P 〈 0.05）, both of them showed statistical difference. The sensitivity and specificity was 98.63% and 97.16% respectively as these two modalities were used in combination. Conclusion： Digital mammography in combination with MRI is helpful in the diagnosis of breast cancer, the sensitivity and specificity was enhanced when compared to that of single modality.

Characterization of colonic dendritic cells in normal and colitic mice

AIM： Recent studies demonstrating the direct involvement of dendritic cells （DC） in the activation of pathogenic T cells in animal models of inflammatory bowel disease identify DC as important antigen presenting cells in the colon. However, very little is known about the properties of colonic DC. METHODS： Using immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy and flow cytometry we have characterized and compared colonic DC in the colon of healthy animals and interleukin-2-deficient （IL2-/-） mice that develop colitis. RESULTS： In the healthy colon, DC resided within the lamina propria and in close association with the basement membrane of colonic villi. Type i myeloid （CD11c^＋, CD11b^＋, B220, CD8） DC made up the largest （40-45%） population and all DC expressed low levels of CD80, CD86, and CD40, and had high endooltic activity consistent with an immature phenotype. In colitic IL2-/- mice, colonic DC numbers increased four- to five-fold and were localized within the epithelial layer and within aggregates of T and B cells. They were also many more DC in mesenteric lymph nodes （MLN）. The majority （〉85%） of DC in the colon and MLN of IL2./ mice were type 1 myeloid, and expressed high levels of MHC class II, CD80, CD86, CD40, DEC 205, and CCR5 molecules and were of low endocytic activity consistent with mature DC. CONCLUSION： These findings demonstrate striking changes in the number, distribution and phenotype of DC in the inflamed colon. Their intimate association with lymphocytes in the colon and draining lymph nodes suggest that they may contribute directly to the ongoing inflammation in the colon.

Role of nitric oxide in the impairment of circular muscle contractility of distended, uninflamed mid-colon in TNBS-induced acute distal colitis in rats

AIM： To evaluate the role of nitric oxide （NO） in the motor disorders of the dilated uninflamed mid-colon （DUMC） from trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid （TNBS）-induced acute distal colitis in rats. METHODS： Colitis was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by a single intracolonic administration of TNBS. Control rats received an enema of 0.9% saline. The rats were killed 48 h after TNBS or saline administration. Macroscopic and histologic lesions of the colon were evaluated. Myeloperoxidase （MPO） and nitric oxide synthase （NOS） activity were measured on the colonic tissue. In TNBS rats, we evaluated spontaneous and evoked contractile activity in circular muscle strips derived from DUMC in comparison to the same colonic segment of control rats, both in the presence and in the absence of a non-selective NOS isoforms inhibitor N-nitro-L- arginine （L-NNA）. Pharmacological characterization of electric field stimulation （EFS）-evoked contractile responses was also performed. RESULTS： In TNBS rats, the distal colon showed severe histological lesions and a high MPO activity, while the DUMC exhibited normal histology and MPO activity. Constitutive NOS activity was similar in TNBS and control rats, whereas inducible NOS activity was significantly increased only in the injured distal colon of TNBS rats. Isometrically recorded mechanical activity of circular muscle strips from DUMC of TNBS rats showed a marked reduction of the force and frequency of spontaneous contractions compared to controls, as well as of the contractile responses to a contracting stimulus. In the presence of L-NNA, the contractile activity and responses displayed a significantly greater enhancement compared to controls. The pharmacological characterization of EFS contractile responses showed that a cooperative-like interaction between cholinergic muscarinic and tachyldnergic neurokinin 1 and 2 receptors mediated transmission in DUMC of TNBS rats vs a simple additive interaction in controls. CONCLUSION： The results of this study show that, during TNBS-induced acute distal colitis, circular muscle intrinsic contractile mechanisms and possible enteric neural excitatory activity are inhibited in the distended uninflamed mid-colon. Suppression of NO synthesis markedly improves spontaneous and evokes muscle contractions, in spite of any evident change in local NO activity. 2005 The WJG Press and Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Impact of release characteristics of sinomenine hydrochloride dosage forms on its pharmacokinetics in beagle dogs

AIM： To investigate the effect of release behavior of sustained-release dosage forms of sinomenine hydrochloride （SM·HCl） on its pharmacokinetics in beagle dogs. METHODS： The in vitro release behavior of two SM·HCl dosage forms, including commercial 12-h sustained-release tablets and 24-h sustained-release pellets prepared in our laboratory, was examined. The two dosage forms were orally administrated to beagle dogs, and then the in vivo SM.HCI pharmacokinetics was investigated and compared. RESULTS： The optimal SM·HCl sustained-release formulation was achieved by mixing slow- and rapidrelease pellets （9：1, w/w）. The SM·HCl release profiles of the sustained-release pellets were scarcely influenced by the pH of the dissolution medium. Release from the 12-h sustained-release tablets was markedly quicker than that from the 24-h sustained-release pellets, the cumulative release up to 12-h was 99.9% vs68.7%. From a pharmacokinetic standpoint, the 24-h SM.HCI sustainedrelease pellets had longer tmax and lower Cmax compared to the 12-h sustained-release tablets, the tmax being 2.67±0.52 h vs 9.83±0.98 h and the Cmax being 1334.45±368.76 ng/mL vs 893.12±292.55 ng/mL, respectively. However, the AUC0-tn of two SM·HCl dosage forms was comparable and both preparations were statistically bioequivalent. Furthermore, the two preparations had good correlations between SM·HCl percentage absorption in vivoand the cumulative percentage release in vitro. CONCLUSION： The in vitro release properties of the dosage forms strongly affect their pharmacokinetic behavior in vivo. Therefore, managing the in vitro release behavior of dosage forms is a promising strategy for obtaining the optimal in vivo pharmacokinetic characteristics and safe therapeutic drug concentration-time curves.

The Response of Chickpea to Irrigation with Treated Waste Water

In a three-year study, the response of four cultivars of chickpea, Bulgarit, WIR-32, Jordan and ICC 11293 to irrigation with TW （treated wastewater） and FW （freshwater）, using surface and subsurface drip irrigation was investigated. Wastewater generated from Al-Quds university campus included black, grey and storm water was treated by small scale pilot plant. The wastewater pilot plant consists of tailored made secondary biological activated sludge process with daily capacity of 50 m3. The influent and effluent chemical and biological quality parameters were routinely monitored and analyzed. The data reveal that the average values for BOD, COD and EC for the effluent are 50 ppm, 136 ppm and 1.4 mS/cm over 2 years period. The results of chickpea growth parameters and the chemical and biological analysis of the seeds and leaves indicate that the cultivars Bulgarit and ICC 11293 can be irrigated with TW without any loss in yield and quality. Factor analysis reasonably favored Bulgarit Cultivar irrigated with treated effluent over other cultivars. WIR-32 and Jordan cultivars showed significant reduction in their growth parameters when irrigated with TW as compared with FW. Surface and subsurface drip irrigation gave similar results in most cases. Soil analysis in this study showed no significant difference between irrigation with TW and FW.

Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy for Rectal Cancer and the Changes in Cancer Multi-biomarkers

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical efficacy of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy （3D-CRT） for locally advanced or postoperatively relapsed rectal cancer, and to examine the changes in cancer multi-biomarkers. METHODS Sixty patients with locally advanced or postoperatively relapsed rectal cancer were randomly divided into two groups after 40 Gy external radiation, namely a late-course 3D-CRT group and a conventional radiotherapy group that served as the control. There were 30 patients in each group. For patients in the 3D-CRT group, multi-biomarkers were measured before and after radiotherapy and after relapse. RESULTS Response rates in the 3D-CRT and the control groups were 86.7% （26/30） and 70% （21/30） respectively, without a significant difference （P〉0.05）. The 1-, 2- and 3-year survival rates were 80%, 53.3% and 36.7% in the 3D-CRT group; in the control group the rates were 56.7%, 40% and 13.3% respectively, with a significant difference （P=0.0213）. CEA, CA19-9, CA242 and FER decreased after radiotherapy in the 3D-CRT group, P〈0.01, indicating a significant difference. The values after relapse were higher than those without relapse, P〈0.01, indicating a significant difference. CONCLUSION Conventional radiotherapy with a 3D-CRT boost gives better therapeutic effect to patients with locally advanced or postoperatively locally relapsed rectal cancer. A multi-biomarker protein chip diagnosis system can be utilized as an effective tool to determine the therapeutic effect and prognosis.

Motivations and performance of public to private transactions： An international study

This article deals with the motivations and the different sources of value from public to private transactions in Europe, USA and Asia from 2000 to 2007. We determine eight main motivations （tax savings, incentive realignment, control, free cash flow, growth of prospects, transaction costs, takeover defence and undervaluation）. Then, we evaluate the shareholder wealth by measuring the offered premiums and the CAAR （cumulative average abnormal return）. Finally, we analyse the impact of public to private to the wealth shareholder. The main sources for firms from going private are incentive realignment, free cash flow （mostly for Asia）, the economy of cost transaction and undervaluation. Furthermore, taxation benefit is a source of wealth effects for Asia and family blockholder （for the control hypothesis） is significant for Europe. Premiums and CAAR are the most important for the USA and Asia. The main observation that we have made is that Asia gets the same behavior as the USA.

Analysis of the Influence of New Usages on the State of Conservation of Historical Buildings through Microclimate Characterization

Recycling is an alternative for preserving historical heritage buildings. Through such process, buildings are occupied by new usages that assure they are not abandoned. However, conservation issues, like pathological manifestations by filamentous fungi, are common even in buildings receiving new uses. Thus, it is extremely important to know the microclimate behavior of these buildings and analyze if there are usages that favor the appearance of filamentous fungi or not. This study aims to verify if new usages modify the microclimate in historical buildings and if such possible change favors the appearance of pathological manifestations by filamentous fimgi in some specific use. To achieve the results, three buildings that have gone through recycling processes were chosen in the city of Pelotas, in Southernmost Brazil. The city possesses a large number of buildings with historical value and its climate conditions are propitious for appearance of filamentous fungi. For 12 months, microclimate was monitored, the environments modus operandi was characterized and there was a survey on the pathological manifestations by filamentous fungi in the three buildings with two different uses： administration offices and exhibition rooms. Conclusion was that usages that allow natural ventilation and lighting favor conservation, which is what happens in the ones used as administration offices. Besides that, it was noticed that the construction system also influences, since buildings with a high cellar that is being used did not present filamentous fungi, which also shows the influence of ascending humidity on the appearance of such pathological manifestations.

探讨老年肺炎患者临床诊断中检验血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、血沉(ESR)、以及D-二聚体(D-D)水平的临床价值

目的探讨老年肺炎患者临床诊断中检验血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、血沉(ESR)、以及D-二聚体(D-D)水平的临床价值。方法随机选择该院2015年1月—2016年12月期间收治的50例老年肺炎病例为观察组研究对象,并以同期自愿参与研究的50名健康老年体检者为对照组研究对象,比较两组血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、血沉(ESR)、以及D-二聚体(D-D)水平。结果观察组老年患者血清CRP(103.2±23.4)mg/L、ESR(35.8±6.5)μg/L、D-D(1 152.4±43.1)mm/h水平均显著高于对照组(8.9±1.2)mg/L、(10.2±1.4)μg/L、(182.6±14.8)mm/h,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。将观察组以80岁为临界值分组,80岁以上患者CRP(102.4±21.8)mg/L、ESR(34.8±5.8)μg/L、D-D(1 148.7±45.2)mm/h与80岁以下患者(103.8±22.1)mg/L、(35.4±6.2)μg/L、(1 142.3±43.9)mm/h,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论临床上可行血清C反应蛋白、血沉及D-二聚体检测来诊断老年肺炎的情况,为治疗和预后提供有效依据。

LIQUID-PHASE ADSORPTION KINETICS OF ISOMALTOTRIOSE ON Ca^(2+) EXCHANGE RESIN

The adsorption of isomaltotriose from aqueous solution on Ca2+ resin was investigated. The adsorption isotherm and the rate curve were determined. The pseudo-first-order model, pseudo-second-order model and the intraparticle diffusion model were used to predict the rate constants of adsorption. The activation energy of adsorption has been also evaluated using the pseudo-second-order rate constants. The results showed that the adsorption of isomaltotriose onto Ca2+ resin is an exothermically activated process. The adsorption isotherm can be described by Langmuir equation. The pseudo-second-order model can fit well to the adsorption rate curve of isomaltotriose onto Ca2+ resin. It suggests that the adsorption of isomaltotriose onto Ca2+ resin involve chemical adsorption.

MicroRNAs identification and bioinformatics analysis in large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea using an integrated comparative and ab initio approach

MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are a group of small, endogenous, single-stranded non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression levels. Previous studies have revealed that miRNAs play key roles in multiple biological processes, such as growth and development in both animals and plants. Computational identification is an efficient method for miRNA prediction in organisms with a reference genome before high-throughput miRNA sequencing experiments. In this study, we employed an integrated strategy combining the homology-based and ab initio approaches to predict miRNAs from the genome and transcriptome of large yellow croaker, one of the most commercially important marine fish in China and East Asia. A total of 418 miRNA molecules, including 287 miRNAs by the homology-based method and 131 miRNAs by the ab initio approach, were identified for large yellow croaker. Additionally, 16 053 target genes were predicted and annotated for Gene Ontology(GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) databases. Meanwhile, we analysed single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) around large yellow croaker miRNA and found that the miRNA seed regions were significantly less prone to mutations, indicating that the miRNA sequences were under strict natural selection based on their essential regulation functions in living cells. Twenty-two SNPs were identified in large yellow croaker miRNA seed regions, which dramatically influenced the miRNA-gene regulation networks. This is the first reported miRNA detection from both the genome and transcriptome using the integrated strategy for large yellow croaker species, and the miRNA and SNP analyses in this work provide important resources and a reference for subsequent miRNA functional investigations in large yellow croaker.

Cloning and characterization of a novel hepatitis B virus core binding protein C12

AIM： To elucidate the biological function of HBV core antigen （HBcAg） on pathogenesis of hepatitis B, a novel gene C12 coding for protein with unknown function interacting with HBcAg in hepatocytes was identified and characterized. METHODS： HBcAg bait plasmid pGBKT7-HBcAg was constructed and transformed into yeast AH109, then the transformed yeast was mated with yeast Y187 containing liver complementary DNA （cDNA） library plasmid in 2xYPDA medium. Diploid yeast was plated on synthetic dropout nutrient medium （SD/-Trp-Leu-His-Ade） and synthetic dropout nutrient medium （SD/-Trp-Leu-His-Ade） containing X-α-gal for screening twice. After extracting and sequencing of plasmid from blue colonies, we isolated a cDNA clone encoding a novel protein designated as C12 that directly interacted with HBcAg. The interaction between HBcAg and C12 was verified again by re-mating. pEGFP-N1-C12 fluorescent protein fusion gene was transfected in 293 and L02 cell, and observed by fluorescent microscope. M-FI reduction assay was used to study the action of C12 protein effect on metabolism of mammal cell. Yeast two-hybrid and cDNA microarray were performed to search binding protein and differential expression genes regulated by C12 protein. RESULTS： C12 gene was screened and identified by yeast two-hybrid system 3. The interaction between HBcAg and the novel protein coded by the new gene C12 was further confirmed by re-mating. After 48 h, fluorescence of fusion protein could be observed steadily in the 293 and L02 cell plasma. Under MTT assay, we found that the expression of C12 did not influence the growth of liver cells. Seventeen differential expression genes in HepG2 cells transfected with C12 protein expression plasmid by cDNA microarray, of which 16 genes were upregulated and 1 gene was downregulated by C12 protein. Twenty-one colonies containing 16 different genes coding for C12 protein binding proteins were isolated by yeast two-hybrid, there were 2 new genes with unknown function. CONCLUSION： The novel protein C12 is located in cell plasma, and its overexpression has no significant effect on the metabolism of liver cell. It interacts with many proteins in hepatocytes and may be involved in many processes of gene expression. 2005 The W.IG Press and Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved